The discussion about whether the internet addiction disorder should be considered a primary addiction disorder or a secondary disorder due to other psychiatric illnesses is a very current topic. Although the term "addiction" has historically been associated with the pathological use of psychoactive substances, research over the past few decades indicates that various behaviors are also part of the spectrum of addiction. Accordingly, addictions to psychoactive substances and behavioral addictions overlap in several segments, but there are also certain differences between them. Taking into account these statements, the subject of this research was the analysis of the personality structure of Internet addicted adolescents, aimed at identifying if there are specific differences in certain personality dimensions between adolescents addicted to the Internet (reference group) and adolescents who abuse psychoactive substances, as well as in adolescents from the non-clinical population. The methodology was applied to a sample consisting of 125 respondents of both genders, aged 13 to 24, of whom 27 were from the clinical group of Internet addicts, 24 from the clinical group of psychoactive substance addicts, and 74 from the non-clinical population. A questionnaire was used for assessing Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test) and a questionnaire for assessing the personality of adolescents (Belgrade Personality Inventory of Adolescents). The results indicate that we cannot talk about a specific profile that distinguishes respondents who are addicted to the Internet. However, despite the limitations, significant differences in certain dimensions indicate certain deviations between groups of adolescents with Internet addiction, addiction to psychoactive substances and the non-clinical population. Low research curiosity, poorly developed perseverance and goal orientation play a significant role in the aetiopathogenesis of Internet addicts. We conclude that the obtained results can have a significant role in solving the current dilemma whether Internet addiction disorder should be considered a primary addiction disorder or a secondary disorder due to other psychiatric diseases.

Eating disorders affect both the physical health, but also the psychological and social aspects of life of the people who suffer from them. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the term "quality of life" to define the individuals' perception of their position in life in the context of their culture and values, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns, to express a wide range of changes in the life of a person. Some of these changes are either caused or affected by eating habits that often present in a form of eating disorders. In recent decades, there has been growing interest in finding adequate questionnaires to help identify and measure the severity of eating disorders, as well as the quality of life of these patients. Several studies have been conducted on this topic, and scientific evolution and progress will be discussed in detail below to identify the most appropriate questionnaire to assist clinicians in their therapeutic practices. The primary objective is the detailed identification and classification of eating disorders in line with the most recent findings. The secondary objective is identification and classification of the questionnaires for testing eating disorders and quality of life. We conducted a review of the current research into developing the possibility of detecting eating disorders and potential health risks in untreated patients. The following index data bases were digitally searched: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Embase, Epistemonikos, all searched up to August 2022. The combination of keywords revised in the list of medical subject headings (MeSH) was used to select relevant articles: (eating disorders) and (tests and/or questionnaires for eating disorders and quality of life). The analysis included meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original scientific articles. Special attention was paid to the discussion on identifying and providing insight into eating disorders in line with the latest findings, as well as to the examination and description of questionnaires for exploring eating disorders and quality of life. Among the first questionnaires used in practice to assess the quality of life of patients with eating disorders were Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-K). Although generic questionnaires were applied and had produced good results, there is still no specific questionnaire on the quality of life of persons with eating disorders. New discoveries emerge as the search continues for highly specialized and sensitive questionnaires. Several instruments and questionnaires are used to get a final result in several studies investigating the connection between the intensity of symptoms caused by eating disorders and the quality of life, which shall be discussed below. Great progress has been made in evaluating and designing appropriate questionnaires to help clinicians and researchers in diagnostics, developing treatment strategies and providing prognoses for eating disorders, as well as in assessing the quality of life of these patients. Most studies and research come to the conclusion that a combination of multiple questionnaires simultaneously is the best choice for detection and prevention of deterioration in the quality of life of patients with eating disorders, as well as for considering the predictive factors that pertain to the quality of life. It is important to emphasize frequent comorbidity of other mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, meaning that it is important to use instruments that help in early detection of these comorbidities during examination.

227 Наше писмо уреднику анализира сазнања о интензитету и учесталости паралелног појављивања вазомоторних, соматских и психолошких симптома у климактеријуму, менопаузи и понеких у постменопаузи. Написан је да подстакне стручну и научну јавност да критички анализира питања и да предложи одређени правац деловања унутар могућности репродуктивне ендокринологије, менталног здравља и методологија расположивих за примену опција лечења. Писмо уреднику такође пружа најновију перспективу сазнања која служи сврси и покреће контроверзну тему у нади да ће се боље разумети концепт (симптома и третмана).

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Background: The Organized health care during Ottoman Empire was poor, and the population of Bosnia looked to the clergy of all denominations, among which the Franciscans play a significant role, for a cure for their ailments, both mental and physical. The Franciscan motto of living, not only for yourself but also for others was, also, reflected in the Bosnian Franciscans’ provision of medical services to people. Objective: The aim of this article was to show, based on the available literature, the development of medicine and pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval period until the Second World War with description methods of treatment, medicinal forms and preparations that were used in the mentioned period. Methods: The subject of this study was the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 14th century until the Second World War. In order to achieve the set goals, a) Retreival of professional and scientific literature and b) Search of scientific databases and web pages on the Internet that offer adequate and relevant data and historical facts related to the subject of studies were carried out. Most of the facts are covered in previously published articles by the author and deposited in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, as well as in books and monographs by the author of this text. Results and Discussion: In the Middle Ages, folk medicine was present, in which herbalists looked for medicines in certain plant and animal species. In the 13th century, Bosnia was settled by the Franciscans, who permanently marked the development of medicine and pharmacy. They are educated at prestigious universities abroad, from where they bring their knowledge, skills and recipes and write them in books, which are called ljekaruse (medicine books). Every historical period brought some changes for medicine and pharmacy, so the Ottoman Empire brought customs of frequent cleaning, public fountains and hammams were built. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the first hospitals and pharmacies were established, and laws on pharmacy activity were introduced. Written documents on the history of the medicine and pharmacy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly found in the libraries of monasteries, and a significant number of them are also in the libraries of madrasas, and the National and University Librarie in Sarajevo and the former Institute of Hygiene in Sarajevo. Conclusion: In connection with the medical and pharmacy practice of the Bosnian Franciscans, the question of the various medical records that they created, which helped them in their health efforts, stands out. First of all, we are talking about numerous medicinal books, so called ”ljekaruse”. On the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there were many such “ljekarusa” who mostly grew up at the sources of national experience. In those books, the recipes are mostly based on the use of medicinal herbs. Historians of medicine believe that these medicinal books represent the cultural and historical significance of our regions

Background: The development of medicine and pharmacy in the Bosnia and Herzegovina was marked by different historical periods–first they were settled by the Illyrians and Delmatians, and after them came the Romans, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Objective: The aims of this article are to show, based on the available literature: a) The development of medicine and pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval period until the Second World War; b) The most significant historical events that marked the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina; c) Methods of treatment, medicinal forms and preparations that were used in the mentioned period. Methods: The subject of this study was the development of medicine and pharmacy in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 14th century until the Second World War. In order to achieve the set goals, a) Retreival of professional and scientific literature and b) Search of scientific databases and web pages on the Internet that offer adequate and relevant data and historical facts related to the subject of studies were carried out. Most of the facts are covered in previously published articles by the author and deposited in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, as well as in books and monographs by the author of this text. Results and Discussion: In the Middle Ages, folk medicine was present, in which herbalists looked for medicines in certain plant and animal species. In the 13th century, Bosnia was settled by the Franciscans, who permanently marked the development of medicine and pharmacy. They are educated at prestigious universities abroad, from where they bring their knowledge, skills and recipes and write them in books, which are called ljekaruse (medicine books). Every historical period brought some changes for medicine and pharmacy, so the Ottoman Empire brought customs of frequent cleaning, public fountains and hammams were built. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the first hospitals and pharmacies were established, and laws on pharmacy activity were introduced. Written documents on the history of the medicine and pharmacy development in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly found in the libraries of monasteries, and a significant number of them are also in the libraries of madrasas, and the National and University Librarie in Sarajevo and the library of former Institute of Hygiene in Sarajevo. Conclusion: In connection with the medical and pharmacy practice of the Bosnian Franciscans, the question of the various medical records that they created, which helped them in their health efforts, stands out. First of all, we are talking about numerous medicinal books, so called ”ljekaruse”. On the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there were many such “ljekarusa” who mostly grew up at the sources of national experience. In those books, the recipes are mostly based on the use of medicinal herbs. Historians of medicine believe that these medicinal books represent the cultural and historical significance of our regions.

Background: Pulmonary Embolism (PE) represents a life-threatening medical emergency that, given the serious complications, requires urgent application of anticoagulant therapy. In addition to other factors that are taken into account when choosing a therapy for treatment of PE, the anatomical distribution of thrombi is also considered–whether it is a central, lobar, segmental or subsegmental PE. D-dimer is an intermediate product of degradation of fibrin molecules and its values in the plasma are increased in the case of PE, but also in other diseases. Objective: To determine whether there is a difference in D-dimer values in subjects with different anatomical distribution of PE. Methods: The study included 100 subjects with diagnosed PE by using MSCT and/or V/P SPECT and with measured values of D-dimer. Results: Out of 100 subjects, PE was not diagnosed in 37 subjects, while 63 subjects PE was diagnosed. All subjects with diagnosed PE were divided into 3 groups regarding the anatomical localization of thrombus: lobar, segmental or subsegmental. Average D-dimer values were calculated for all 3 groups. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in D-dimer values between subjects with different anatomical distribution of PE. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in D-dimer values between subjects with different anatomical distribution od PE–lobar, segmental and subsegmental PE.

Background: Lyme disease (Lyme disease-LD) is a disease of humans and animals that is transmitted by hematophagous insects, especially ticks. The causative agent is the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, a bacterium with a complex structure and a slow biorhythm, which has the ability to coat the host's organism with mucus - create a biofilm - or turn into a cyst, and the host does not recognize it and does not create antibodies. This is the reason why, in 10-60% of cases, Borrelia tests are negative, even though it is present. The diagnosis of LD is made clinically, and it is confirmed serologically and microbiologically by isolation and/or detection of the causative agent by the PCR method from tissue samples and body fluids. Lyme disease stage II and III is called „the great imitator“ because its symptoms resemble those of other diseases, so diagnostic errors are often made. Objective: In this article we presented a case of stubborn urticaria in a 28-year-old saleswoman. Case presentation: Mother of two children, who was ruled out by clinical examination for autoimmune diseases and allergies to available allergens. We subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of chronic borreliosis, caused by five types of borrelia, serologically, after advanced intermittent antibiotic therapy, and after acquired food intolerance was discovered. In the available literature, we did not find information that chronic generalized urticaria was caused by Borrelia in combination with food intolerance. Conclusion: The presented case of a patient with chronic urticaria indicates that similar cases with urticaria, as well as all skin changes with intermittent walking symptomatology, should: Undergo clinical treatment, rule out immunological diseases and drug allergies, then test for Borrelia (ELISA+ immunoblot with Borrelia protein sequences!). Take into account the duration of the disease, the possibility of the disappearance of antibodies created in early childhood or a false-negative finding of antibodies, and in case of a negative finding, do not give up ex-yuvantibus therapy.