From the pure health crisis that countries faced at the very begin­ning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in later stages it led to the creation of multi­ple economic and financial vulnerabilities. When the world economies start­ed recovering from the pandemic negative impacts, Russia started its inva­sion of Ukraine. The study aims to add to the growing body of literature on the topic of crises caused by the COVID-19 and Russian–Ukraine war by ana­lyzing and comparing the volatility of the world’s leading stock market per­formance benchmarks in the pre-crisis and crisis periods. For the analysis, Levene’s test is used to check the homogeneity/heterogeneity of variances of stock market returns. Analysis shows that all indexes performed better in the Russian–Ukraine crisis compared to the COVID-19 crisis, i.e., the volatili­ty of returns of all indexes is significantly lower in the Russian-Ukraine crisis compared to the COVID-19 crisis.

Introduction: In dental clinical practice, devices such as mobile phones and DSLR cameras (Digital Single Lens Reflex) are used to take intraoral and extraoral photographs. The existence of a large number of studies would allow the establishment of standards for the analysis of photographs and their wider use in daily practice in order to establish a rapid diagnosis, predictability of results and the development of teledentology during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the pilot study was to determine the repeatability of point positioning in the analysis of facial symmetry in digital 2D photography. Materials and methods: One face was photographed using two different photography techniques. Points were positioned in one photo and used for each subsequent measurement. Two evaluators positioned 20 points in three time-separated periods. Results: The results suggest a relatively high degree of agreement of the point positioning provided by the two evaluators. Absolute matching of estimates was registered on 22 parameters (ICCs = 1.00), while on another 17 this value was high (ICCs >.96) Conclusion: This study shows that the values of the interclass of correlation coefficients calculated by the method of two-way random effects for each of the six indices are higher than the values of the lower limit of acceptability (ICC> 0.70). It is necessary to do additional research that will include a larger sample and different phone models to establish the diagnosis of facial asymmetry and the development of teledentistry.

Guilt of minors is the focus of scientific and professional thematization, which has gained regional relevance through numerous tragic events, i.e. crimes committed by minors. Tragic events, with minors as perpetrators of the most serious crimes, require reconsideration and analysis of both current situation in the field of preventive work, and the current situation the field of prescribed legislative solutions in the field of criminal law. In this paper, the authors referred to the legislative aspects of the guilt of minors, where the focus of the paper is on the concept of guilt in juvenil criminal law and the perception of quilt from aspects of prescribed criminal sanctions for minors and the conditions for their imposition and the age limits of the capacity of minors to bear quilt. Certain aspects of the prescribed incriminating behavior of minors and their causal connection with the quilt of the parents, are also problematized. In this sense, an overview is given of the challenges of searching for appropriate de lege ferenda solutions, as well as dilemmas and shortcomings arising from the dubious nature of certain prescribed provisions that are directly related to the delinquency of minors.

Background: Corona infection is primarily a respiratory disease, but the SARS-CoV-2 virus also penetrates other organs, causing various symptoms, including olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, which is why we can consider COVID-19 as a multisystem disease. Aim: To present review of some aspects of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in SARS-CoV- infection. Methods: The article has an analytical character and review of the literature. Results and Discussion: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a high similarity with SARS-CoV-1 and uses the same receptors to enter the human body (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/ACE2). COVID-19 is primarily a disease of the respiratory system, but SARS-CoV-2 also penetrates the other organs including central nervous system (CNS). Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection can experience a range of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to critical illness. The entry of the virus into the brain can lead to different neurological and psychiatric manifestations, including loss of smell (anosmia) and the loss of taste (ageusia). The frequency of anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID-19 varies widely, from 10 to 65%, being the primary symptom in about 12% of patients. For now, the etiopathogenesis of anosmia and ageusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unknown. Most of the analyzed subjects reported olfactory recovery. However, anosmia and ageusia can last several months or even longer. While most patients are expected to recover their sense of smell or taste within the first three months, a major subpopulation of patients might develop long lasting dysfunction. Although a substantial proportion of patients with Covid-19 might develop long lasting of diferent level of ansomia and ageusia it is uncertain what proportion of patients develop persistent dysfunction. Anosmia/ageusia can be as an important risk factor for fog, anxiety, and depression that may show a prolonged and/or delayed impact. However, we do not yet know what long-term effects these disorders may have on the central nervous system and mental health in general. Conclusion: The COVID-19 is primarily a disease of the respiratory system, but SARS-CoV-2 also penetrates other organs (multisystem disease), causing various symptoms, including olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The frequency of anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID-19 is common but according to different papaers varies widely, from 10 to 65%, being the primary symptom in about 12% of patients. Most of the analyzed subjects reported olfactory recovery. However, anosmia and ageusia can last several months or even longer. We do not yet know what long-term consequences these disorders may have on the central nervous system and mental health in general.

Owing to the increasing engagement of service robots in everyday life, significant requirements are imposed on their control systems to ensure safe interaction between robots and humans. The stiffness of the motion executed by the service robots is not high, as with industrial robots, but has to be variable depending on the defined task. Therefore, a service robot needs to have soft actuation, delivering “human-like” motion dependant on the interaction force between the robot and its environment. Such an operation requires switching from the trajectory tracking (position control) mode to the interaction (force control) mode, and vice versa. Conventional control methods, based on hybrid position/force control, or switching between a position and force controller, may fail short in these cases. Thus, we have previously proposed a new control method, denoted as universal motion controller, that merges the position and force control into a single control structure. The control method is elaborated in this article, and its experimental validation is presented for the first time for multi-degree-of-freedom systems.

Background: Patients infected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), display various symptoms and severity of the clinical picture. Thus, the therapy and pathophysiology of this disease are a dilemma for health professionals and scientists. Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic protocols (the use of anticoagulants) in the treatment of COVID-19 patients of various severity of the clinical picture by monitoring coagulation markers (PT, INR, aPTT and D-dimer), as well as the impact of the type and number of comorbidities patients had on these markers. Methods: A total of 200 patients with a mild (n=76), moderate (n=70) or severe (n=54) clinical picture was included. Coagulation markers [PT (prothrombin time), INR (international normalized ratio), aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), D-dimer] were examined on three occasions: twice during hospitalization and once after hospital discharge. Anticoagulants used intrahospital were fraxiparine, rivaroxaban or unfractionated heparin. Posthospital, patients were taking either rivaroxaban or did not use any anticoagulants. For statistical analysis, SPSS 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used, with a level of significance of α=0.05. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Bonferroni) were applied and effect size (ES) was calculated. Results: Three anticoagulants used intrahospital caused a significant decrease in PT, INR and D-dimer and a significant increase in aPTT, especially in patients with a severe clinical picture, but the ES was the biggest with fraxiparine, then rivaroxaban, and lastly unfractionated heparin. Posthospital, rivaroxaban caused a significant decrease in PT, INR and D-dimer and a significant increase in aPTT, especially in patients with a severe clinical picture. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in all patients, as well as in patients with a severe clinical picture. There was a statistically significant impact of the number of comorbidities patients had on D-dimer, and none on PT, INR and aPTT, but the highest number of comorbidities was in patients with a severe clinical picture. Conclusion: The use of anticoagulants, especially fraxiparine intrahospital and rivaroxaban posthospital, is justified in most COVID-19 cases as there is a significant correlation between this disease’s pathophysiology and the coagulation process. There is also a positive correlation between the severity of the clinical picture and the number of comorbidities patients have.

This paper describes influences of heat input on leg size of pulsed GMAW fillet welds of unalloyed steel with thicknesses of 4 mm, in horizontal and overhead position. Varied parameters were welding current and speed, while voltage and current profile were predefined by welding equipment manufacturer. Influence is described through models based on linear regression analysis. Comparison is made between developed models, as well as with those available in literature.