Background: Tranexamic acid can prevent death from bleeding after trauma and postpartum hemorrhage. Objective: The aim of the paper was to assess whether tranexamic acid reduces hematoma expansion and improves outcome in adults with stroke caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Case presentation: Administration of Tranexamic acid in a patient after a diagnosis of intracerebral hematoma, which occurred after coronary stent implantation. Intracerebral hematoma, or neurological deficit, occurs one day after cardiac surgery in the patient. The case report will present the radiological resolution of the intracerebral hematoma, as well as the improvement of the clinical picture, neurological deficit, in the patient during a one-month follow-up, after the administration of Tranexamic acid. Conclusion: Tranexemic acid is affordable, easy to administer, appears to be safe, and is widely available, so even a modest treatment effect can have an important global impact, and it is necessary to consider its more frequent use, as well as to initiate larger randomized trials.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is an import fee levied by a region, i.e., the European Union (EU), that taxes carbon on goods produced in countries that do not tax carbon. This EU climate neutrality support mechanism, which should be implemented by 2050, has caused some concerns. For example, it could reduce the export of the EU’s trading partners, especially those countries largely dependent on exporting energy-intensive goods and materials to the EU. Least developed countries, due to their high risk of vulnerability and high exposure, could face particularly pronounced adverse effects from the CBAM’s introduction. Therefore, this article aims to analyze how the introduction of the CBAM will affect the EU’s external trade partners, with particular attention to its potential consequences for selected economies. Most of the literature related to the introduction of the CBAM focuses on the consequences for EU countries. However, this mechanism, which aims to decrease CO2 emissions and encourage a low-carbon transition, could disproportionately affect some countries outside the EU. That is why the article uses data on the exposure of selected non-EU countries to the CBAM, utilizing data on the export of the CBAM-affected products to the EU and CO2 emission intensity. The analysis encompasses five regions and 59 countries, using data from the year 2019. The rationale for using 2019 data is to avoid the effects of global shocks in recent years, such as the coronavirus pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The analysis results reveal that the exposure of regions and countries varies based on the strength on their trade relations with the EU, leading to different trade impacts from the CBAM. The lowest exposure is observed in the regions of the Americas and Australia. This article provides valuable insights to policymakers and entrepreneurs in navigating the challenges and opportunities arising from the interlinkage of environmental policies and global trade dynamism. It can help facilitate decision-making related to participation in foreign trade involving products with a higher carbon emissions.

The casting industry uses large quantities of quartz sand, which is a cheap and accessible raw material that must be prepared for use in foundries. After the casting process, foundries generate huge amounts of waste foundry sand (WFS) as industrial waste. The regeneration and reuse of waste foundry sand is a practice and a necessity in many foundries for technological, environmental, and economic reasons. In this review paper, in addition to the characteristics of quartz sand for the casting industry and the characteristics of WFS, typical processes of regeneration in industrial practice, as well as the possibilities of using such recycled WFS in other industries, are presented.

The paper presents the results of testing the mechanical properties and evaluating the integrity of cylindrical head shells, which were obtained by the welding process and shaped by the cold process of gradual local deformation, i.e. the process of incremental deformation. Cylindrical head shells of pressure vessels are made from one part, but the standards also allow production in a welded version when the dimensions of the floors are larger than the standard dimensions of the sheets for production. Geometric shape and measurement tolerances are defined by a series of recommendations. The required mechanical properties and acceptance criteria for installation in pressure equipment are prescribed by PED 68/2014/EC and the BAS EN 13445 recommendation. The mechanical properties of the welded joint and the deformed material in the torospheric zone of the head shells, such as toughness, hardness and crack toughness, or their values are input parameters for determining the integrity of the floor structure. Using fracture mechanics criteria, detected faults can be categorized and evaluated with regard to the acceptability of the head shells for installation in pressure equipment or continued operation. The aim of the test is to determine the influence of the type of material, thickness and diameter of the head shells on the mechanical properties (ReH, Rm, A5 and KIc) and on the integrity of the cylindrical head shells.

Background: Transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs enables many patients to regain impaired organ function, promoting healing or prolonging life and improving overall quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding organ donation and transplantation of organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 255 students from four different faculties in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the majority enrolled in either the Faculty of Medicine or the Faculty of Health Sciences. The students collected data using a self-administrative questionnaire, providing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel version 3645 and R studio v2024.04.2, based on R 4.4.1. Results: Out of all students, 49 of them (19.3%) demonstrated poor knowledge, while 131 students (51.6%) exhibited average knowledge. Analyzing the data by Faculty type revealed significantly higher levels of knowledge among students in Medical and Health faculties compared to those in the Educational Science Faculty (χ2=10.196, p=0.006). Regarding attitudes, 56 students (22%) had a negative attitude, while 117 students (45.9%) had a highly positive attitude. Only 13 students (5.1%) owned a donor card. Conclusion: Students from Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health Sciences generally possess higher basic knowledge about organ donation, yet despite this knowledge, their attitudes toward organ donation often remain negative. It is essential to implement effective strategies aimed at raising awareness and fostering a positive attitude toward organ donation.

In this paper, a simulator for assessing the possibility of PV integration to the medium voltage distribution network is developed. The PV location and peak power are defined in advance. The simulator is based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation with various possible uncertainties such as photovoltaic production and load. In addition, the sequential simulation enables detection of period when the network constraints are violated. For this analysis, time series of essential variables such as PV system production and load are modeled. Based on the results of power flow calculation, probability distributions of the voltage at various nodes, the loads on individual lines as well as the probability of network constraints exceeding are determined. Depending on the network constraints, possibility of connecting the PV system to the network at the desired location is assessed. The power flow calculation is executed by using the OpenDSS simulator, while the input time series are prepared in Matlab. The method presented in this paper is tested on IEEE 33 distribution test network.

In this paper an experimental analysis was done aiming at studying the possibility of applying Peltier thermoelectric modules for building heating, more precisely, the optimization of a heat exchanger was performed. The concept of the system was designed to work without freon and harmful impact on the environment. The paper aims to develop a detailed mathematical optimization model of the existing heat exchanger for space heating by natural convection. Based on the optimal model, the new aluminum heat exchanger was created. The experiment was designed so that the Peltier elements were positioned on the heat exchangers and the input current and temperatures were measured. Firstly, experimental measurements were performed for the existing commercial heat exchanger, and, then, measurements were repeated with a new optimal heat exchanger under the same conditions. The coefficient of performance of a space heating system using a Peltier thermoelectric generator has a low value if the system operates with natural convection and heat exchangers without optimal fin spacing. Optimizing the distance between the fins on the heat exchanger provides an increase in heat flow by convection almost up to ten times and the coefficient of performance increases more than three times. This work has mathematically and experimentally confirmed that there is optimal fin spacing for finned heat exchangers with natural convection.

Background: The Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a major public health challenge worldwide, with survival outcomes heavily influenced by early intervention. The presence of an initial shockable rhythm significantly increases the likelihood of survival when combined with timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. Objective: To analyze patient outcomes and the incidence of bystander and dispatch-guided CPR in cases of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm treated by physician-led emergency medical teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: Data for this study were collected over a 5-year period, from January 2019 to September 2023, using the Utstein protocol. Hospital records were analyzed to determine patient outcomes, with a focus on the 30-day survival rate and favorable neurological outcomes. Instances of dispatch-guided and bystander CPR were recorded for each case based on available patient records. Results: In this study, 1,020 patients were included, with 151 cases (14.8%) having an initial shockable rhythm, of which 14.3% of males and 4.4% of females achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). ROSC rates varied by year, with the highest in 2019 (20.4%) and 2022 (17.9%). Thirty-day survival with a good neurological outcome was observed in a small percentage of cases. The initial shockable rhythm was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for achieving a good neurological outcome after 30 days. Dispatch-guided CPR was attempted in 12.9% of cases, with success in 1.9%. Bystander CPR was performed in 1.4% of cases, and only one case involved the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). The median response time for successful resuscitations was 2 minutes, while for unsuccessful resuscitations, it was 6 minutes. The findings emphasize the role of age, initial rhythm, and response time in determining outcomes for OHCA patients. Conclusion: The promising survival rate of OHCA patients, despite limited bystander CPR, highlights the impact of short response times and skilled physician-led teams, underscoring the need for public education and a unified registry to address gaps and better understand OHCA epidemiology in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: In the year 2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) celebrates 130 years anniversary of establishing the Regional hospital in Sarajevo (Landesspittal) which played great role in healthcare protection of B&H population and also of education over 60 percent of medical staff in B&H. Great role have had also a lot of other medical institutions in B&H, most of them established and organized during Austro-Hungarian period. Objective: The aim of this article was to describe historical facts how mentioned institutions were founded and what was importance of functioning all of them during the past. Methods: The author searched important historical facts about establishing and works of hospital anf other institutions and their roles in healthcare protection of population in B&H in period from 1878 until 1941. using facts published in the books and articles deposited in indexed databases PubMed Central, Scopus, etc. Results and Discussion: During Ottoman Empire were established 5 Waqf''s hospitals (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka, Mostar and Travnik by Governor Sherif Osman Topal Pasha (1861 until 1869)). After Berlin Congress and ocupation by Austro-Hungarians for 6 District - 6 Governments (Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Bihac, Travnik, Tuzla and Mostar, Bosnian Council has appointed district medical references, and in 66 districts (counties) were set up district, and county medical officers, mostly doctors. In each county council there was a sanitary commission of 3 members (the district doctor, a police officer and municipal councilor), whose task was to carry out sanitary control (inspection). The Medical Department of the Provincial Government published the relevant legal acts and regulations at the state level, The first official hospital established in B&H was Land hospital opened in 1894 and had 303 hospital beds in 4 departments: the first Internal Department with diseases of the throat and nose (not the ear) with 45-50 beds, the Second - Surgical Department with ophtalmology (for ear surgery) with 45-50 beds, the Third - Dermatology and Venerology ward with 70-80 beds and the fourth - Gynaecology-Obstetrics Department with 70-80 beds. It will be a good basis for training future teachers pioneers of medicine and generations of medical students attend the 80 years of study in Sarajevo. True, most students of this generation will be mobilized during the war, some will move on to medical faculties in other cities Tuzla, Banja Luka, Mostar, Foca, Zenica, Bihac. The first Faculty of Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina officialy established in November 16th 1946. Conclusion: All institutions described in this article played important role in the history of healthcare education and healthcare protection.

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