Abstract Background  The initial clinical status after aneurysm rupture, whether primary or secondary, determines the final outcome. The most common cause of patient deterioration is a high Hunt and Hess (HH) score, which correlates closely with a high mortality rate. Poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is determined as an HH score 4 or 5. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of poor graded aneurysmal SAH at our institution. Patients and Methods  During the 5-year period, 415 patients with intracranial aneurysm were admitted to our institution. Patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH accounted 31.08% ( n  = 132) of the total number of ruptured aneurysms. Interventional treatment was predominantly in the form of surgery, whereas conservative treatment included medication and external ventricular drainage. Final outcome was assessed with a modified Rankin score (mRs). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 with a significance level set to 5% (α = 0.05). Results  The majority of patients (57.6%) were in the age range from 51 to 69 years. Twenty-five patients (18.9%) had an HH score of 4, whereas 107 patients (81.1%) had an HH score of 5. Depending on the location, the majority of patients ( n  = 43) had an aneurysm on the medial cerebral artery (MCA). The final aneurysm occlusion was performed in 71 patients, of whom 94.36% were treated surgically. A positive outcome (mRs 0–4) was found in 49.25% of patients who underwent primarily surgical, treatment with a mortality of 42.3%. Although the outcome was better in patients with an HH score 4, both groups benefited from surgical treatment. Conclusion  Poor-grade aneurismal SAH is a condition of the middle and older age, with most patients with an HH 5 score and deep comatose state. There was better outcome in patients with an HH score of 4 compared to an HH score of 5 and both groups benefited from surgical treatment, which resulted in a positive outcome in almost 50% of surgically treated patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, particularly among students, due to COVID-19-related fear and also the transition from traditional to online lectures. In this questionnaire-based study, the COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Online Teaching Satisfaction Scale were used to assess COVID-19-related fear, stress, and overall satisfaction with online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students in Serbia. A total of 167 students participated in the study, whose mean age was 21.3 ± 5.3, and the majority of whom were female and first-year students. Overall, most students experienced moderate to extremely high COVID-19-related stress levels. Overall, first-year and fourth-year students scored significantly lower regarding the Xenophobia and Traumatic stress subscales than second-year and third-year students, whereas first-year students also scored significantly lower on the Danger and Contamination subscales. First-year students experienced less COVID-19-related fear compared to senior students. Students were reasonably satisfied with online teaching. A stratified program is needed to prevent further decline of students’ mental health and to improve their adaptation through public, health, and educational changes.

Introduction: Obtaining, understanding, interpreting, and acting on health information enables people with diabetes to engage and make health decisions in various contexts. Hence, inadequate health literacy (HL) could pose a problem in making self-care decisions and in self-management for diabetes. By applying multidimensional instruments to assess HL, it is possible to differentiate domains of functional, communicative, and critical HL. Objectives: Primarily, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of inadequate HL among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to analyze the predictors influencing health literacy levels. Secondly, we analyzed if different self-reported measures, unidimensional instruments (Brief Health Literacy instruments (BRIEF-4 and abbreviated version BRIEF-3), and multidimensional instruments (Functional, Communicative and Critical health literacy instrument (FCCHL)) have the same findings. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted within one primary care institution in Serbia between March and September 2021. Data were collected through Serbian versions of BRIEF-4, BRIEF-3, and FCCHL-SR12. A chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and simple logistic regression were used to measure the association between the associated factors and health literacy level. Multivariate analyses were performed with significant predictors from univariate analyses. Results: Overall, 350 patients participated in the study. They were primarily males (55.4%) and had a mean age of 61.5 years (SD = 10.5), ranging from 31 to 82 years. The prevalence of inadequate HL was estimated to be 42.2% (FCCHL-SR12), 36.9% (BRIEF-3) and 33.8% (BRIEF-4). There are variations in the assessment of marginal and adequate HL by different instruments. The highest association was shown between BRIEF-3 and total FCCHL-SR12 score (0.204, p < 0.01). The total FCCHL-SR12 score correlates better with the abbreviated BRIEF instrument (BRIEF-3) than with BRIEF-4 (0.190, p < 0.01). All instruments indicated the highest levels for the communicative HL domain and the lowest for the functional HL domain with significant difference in functional HL between the functional HL of FCCHL-SR12 and both BRIEF-3 and BRIEF-4 (p = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively). Depending on applied instruments, we identified several variables (sociodemographic, access to health-related information, empowerment-related indicators, type of therapy, and frequency of drug administration) that could significantly predict inadequate HL. Probability of inadequate HL increased with older age, fewer children, lower education level, and higher consumption of alcohol. Only high education was associated with a lower probability of inadequate HL for all three instruments. Conclusions: The results we obtained indicate that patients in our study may have been more functionally illiterate, but differences between functional level could be observed if assessed by unidimensional and multidimensional instruments. The proportion of patients with inadequate HL is approximately similar as assessed by all three instruments. According to the association between HL and educational level in DMT2 patients we should investigate methods of further improvement.

Introduction Acute psychotic disorders are increasingly being diagnosed in people addicted to PASA part of these patients develops chronic psychotic disorders for reasons that still insufficently known. Objectives The aim of the study was to determine preventive potential of antipsychotics in the development of chronic psychotic disorders as well as possible side effects of theur use. Methods The prospective retrospective qualitative study conducted in the period Septmeber 2017-September 2022.Data from medical records and electronic databases were used in the study.A structured questionnare for conductin research,a clinnical psychatic inteview,MMPI 202,tests to determine of ilegal PAS in body flluids. Results According to the results of the study adequate treatment of the underlying desease,fewer or complete abscence of relapses,social and psychoteraapeutic support had the greater effects.In the group of opiate addicts an adequate dose of supstitution therapy it often played a crucial role. Conclusions In experimental conditions the hypotesis about the preventive effect of antipsychotics on the development of psychotic disorders in peoplle addicted to PAS.On the contrary a whole series of new questions has beenopened. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a worldwide known vegetable plant, known for its heavy metal accumulation abilities. This study analyzed the phytoremediation potential of domestic BiH kale varieties, grown in a controlled environment and with different concentrations of Cadmium (Cd). Cd is a known pollutant found in small concentrations in soil under normal environmental conditions. Real-Time PCR was used to analyze the gene expression activity of Cd heavy metal correlated genes (MAPK2 and NRAMP6). The root analysis assay confirmed shorter root length after Cd treatment, confirming severe Cd impact on plant cell growth, implying shorter growth in roots in all treated kales. Gene expression results showed that Cd triggers the expression of MAPK2 and NRAMP6 suggesting their significant involvement in Cd metabolizing processes. Based on the combined results, kale from the Stolac region is found to be the most resistant variety, while the only hybrid kale, accumulates the most Cd suggesting its phytoremediation potential.

The microservices architectural style has been increasingly adopted in recent years due to its advantageous characteristics. While there exist design patterns for microservices that are theoretically beneficial for ensuring performance (and anti-patterns that should be avoided), they do not always lead to the expected impact. Some designs are solutions for achieving quality properties other than performance, and while they might be categorized as anti-patterns in theory, their influence on system performance can be minimal, depending on the context. Architects find it hard to reason about these trade-offs and the impact that design decisions will have on performance before implementing them. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an approach that enables rapid evaluation of high-level architectural models by combining both static and dynamic analysis. The static analysis identifies the design anti-patterns that are known to hinder system performance and guides the architect in reasoning about these design decisions. The approach then generates source code for the system under study based on the architectural design model for a subsequent dynamic analysis to assess whether the statically detected anti-patterns do indeed have a negative effect on the performance of the analyzed system.

Various synthetic and natural antioxidants are used to reduce oxidation and its negative impact on the oil during the food frying process. Considering that some studies show the negative impact of synthetic antioxidants on the health of consumers, natural alternatives are being used more and more. BHA and BHT are synthetic antioxidants that are widely used in the food industryand a large number of natural compounds such as phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, vitamins, etc. show antioxidant properties. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of oregano and rosemary essential oil was tested and compared with the antioxidant capacity of BHA and BHT. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the removal of DPPH radicals and by iron reduction (FRAP). The results of this study showed that the studied essential oils exhibited antioxidant capacity. These oils have a high antioxidant capacity, however, compared to synthetic antioxidants, they show a significantly lower antioxidant capacity but they can be used as natural antioxidants during food processing. KEYWORDS:antioxidant capacity; essential oils; synthetic antioxidants; lipidoxidation

To present a 29‐year‐old immunocompetent patient with neurosyphilitic changes characterized by multiple acute ischemic brain strokes along with significant narrowing of several large intracranial arteries. Ceftriaxone treatment for 14 days followed by benzathine benzylpenicillin weekly for additional 3 weeks, showed improvement in meningovascular changes.

Abstract Addressing the existing gap between currently available mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions associated with ordinary Portland cement production and the 2050 carbon neutrality goal represents a significant challenge. In order to bridge this gap, one potential option is the direct gaseous sequestration and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in concrete through forced carbonate mineralization in both the cementing minerals and their aggregates. To better clarify the potential strategic benefits of these processes, here, we apply an integrated correlative time- and space-resolved Raman microscopy and indentation approach to investigate the underlying mechanisms and chemomechanics of cement carbonation over time scales ranging from the first few hours to several days using bicarbonate-substituted alite as a model system. In these reactions, the carbonation of transient disordered calcium hydroxide particles at the hydration site leads to the formation of a series of calcium carbonate polymorphs including disordered calcium carbonate, ikaite, vaterite, and calcite, which serve as nucleation sites for the formation of a calcium carbonate/calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) composite, and the subsequent acceleration of the curing process. The results from these studies reveal that in contrast to late-stage cement carbonation processes, these early stage (precure) out-of-equilibrium carbonation reactions do not compromise the material's structural integrity, while allowing significant quantities of CO2 (up to 15 w%) to be incorporated into the cementing matrix. The out-of-equilibrium carbonation of hydrating clinker thus provides an avenue for reducing the environmental footprint of cementitious materials via the uptake and long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2.

The adoption of autonomous cars requires operational critical functions even in the event of HW faults and/or SW defects, and protection of safety-critical functions against security threats. Defining appropriate safe and secure architectures is challenging and costly. In previous work, we have proposed tools to automate the recommendation of safety and security patterns for safety-critical systems. However, safety and security measures may (negatively) influence system performance, besides introducing additional development effort. We present a design space exploration approach, a model-based engineering workflow and tool prototype for automated guidance on trade-off decisions when applying safety and security patterns on a given (unsafe) baseline architecture. Based on models that abstract the vehicle’s functionality and its software and hardware components, as well as an engine for the automated pattern recommendation, we investigate the optimization of HW/SW deployments, and provide a trade-off analysis for different architecture candidates. We implemented our approach in an open-source tool and evaluate it with a model of the Apollo autonomous driving platform.