The subject of this paper is the criminal-legal aspects of corruption in Bo- snia and Herzegovina. The author’s intention is to divert your attention and point out the legal and social specifics of corruption as legal and social phenomenon that under special attention of scientific, expert and gene- ral public for a reason. Respectfully, there is no area of human action or interaction that is immune to corruption. However, the institutional re- action of state to this criminality must be adequate and proportional to the needs of research and evidence in order to achieve desired results of criminal judiciary. Special attention is directed to the problem of defini- tion and understanding corruption with all its complex dimensions and the inability to coordinate one universal and comprehensive definition of this term. Also, this essay emphasizes problems of complexity of revealing the existence of these criminal acts and the aspect of verifying, i.e. proving the existence of these corruptive actions, while appreciating restrictive law conditions, materials and process.

Predmet ovog rada su krivično-pravni aspekti korupcije u Bosni i Herce- govini, te intencija autora da skrenu pažnju i ukažu na određene pravne i društvene specifičnosti korupcije, kao pravnog i društvenog fenomena koji sa razlogom zavređuje posebnu pažnju naučne, stručne i opšte jav- nosti. Uvažavajući da ne postoji ni jedna oblast ljudskog djelovanja koja je imuna na korupciju, državna institucionalna reakcija na ovaj krimi- nalitet mora biti adekvatna i srazmjerno potrebna realnim otkrivačkim i dokaznim potrebama u cilju postizanja adekvatnih rezultata krivičnog pravosuđa. U vezi s naprijed navedenim, posebna pažnja je usmjerena na problem definisanja i shvatanja korupcije, cijeneći njegovu složenost i nemogućnost usaglašavanja jedne univerzalne i sveobuhvatne defini- cije ovog pojma. Takođe, u radu su apostrofirani problemi koji se odno- se na kompleksnost otkrivanja postojanja ovih krivičnih djela kao i na aspekt utvrđivanja, odnosno dokazivanja koruptivnih krivičnih djela, cijeneći restriktivne zakonske uslove materijalne i procesne prirode.

Enteric viruses are commonly found obligate parasites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These viruses usually follow a fecal-oral route of transmission and are characterized by their extraordinary stability as well as resistance in high-stress environments. Most of them cause similar symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In order to come in contract with mucosal surfaces, these viruses need to pass the three main lines of defense: mucus layer, innate immune defenses, and adaptive immune defenses. The following atypical gastrointestinal infections are discussed: SARS-CoV2, hantavirus, herpes simplex virus I, cytomegalovirus, and calicivirus. Dysbiosis represents any modification to the makeup of resident commensal communities from those found in healthy individuals and can cause a patient to become more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. The interaction between bacteria, viruses, and host physiology is still not completely understood. However, with growing research on viral infections, dysbiosis, and new methods of detection, we are getting closer to understanding the nature of these viruses, their typical and atypical characteristics, long-term effects, and mechanisms of action in different organ systems.

Listeria je patogen prenosiv hranom i predstavlja veliku opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje. Teški su simptomi praćeni visokom stopom mortaliteta većinom prouzročeni L. monocytogenes. Bez obzira na politiku nulte tolerancije, rod Listeria je još uvijek prisutan u sirovim proizvodima i proizvodima spremnim za konzumiranje, predstavljajući veliku opasnost za zdravlje ljudi. Za sada još u bliskoj budućnosti ne postoje studije o kontaminaciji hrane vrstama Listeria u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovim istraživanjem htjeli smo dobiti osnovne podatke o količini kontaminiranosti hrane ovim patogenom. U studiji je analizirano ukupno 238 uzoraka hrane, pri čemu su u 105 uzorka bile različite vrste sirove hrane te 133 uzorka hrane spremne za konzumaciju (gotove hrane). Od ukupno 238 uzoraka, 18 uzoraka je bilo pozitivno na Listeria vrste. Nakon izolacije i detekcije, konfirmacija pozitivnih izolata Listeria spp. je provedena pomoću biokemijskog kita API® Listeria.

Abstract Surgical treatment and formation of a stoma can be lifesaving for colorectal cancer patients. However, the quality of life is often impaired in patients with stoma. The goal of this study is to determine the quality of life of patients with stoma and cancer, and the relationship between the quality of life and characteristics of these patients. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 and included a total of 64 patients of both sexes with colorectal cancer and temporary or permanent stoma. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer with Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQC29-30) and the anonymous WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were used for self-assessment of quality of life. Our study included 39 (61.0%) men and 25 (39.0%) women. 24 patients (37.5%) had colostomy, 14 patients (21.9%) had ileostomy, and 26 patients (40.6%) underwent surgery for resection of colorectal cancer without stoma. A significant number of women were in the group of patients with a permanent stoma (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of general health (p = 0.680) and quality of life (p = 0.721) during the past month in relation to gender. Patients without a stoma rated their general health better compared to those with stoma and the difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of quality of life between the group of patients with stoma and without stoma, as well as between the patients of different age groups. Patients with stoma rated their general health as worse, but not their quality of life.

Driven by significant improvements in architectural design and training pipelines, computer vision has recently experienced dramatic progress in terms of accuracy on classic benchmarks such as ImageNet. These highly-accurate models are challenging to deploy, as they appear harder to compress using standard techniques such as pruning. We address this issue by introducing the Correlation Aware Pruner (CAP), a new unstructured pruning framework which significantly pushes the compressibility limits for state-of-the-art architectures. Our method is based on two technical advancements: a new theoretically-justified pruner, which can handle complex weight correlations accurately and efficiently during the pruning process itself, and an efficient finetuning procedure for post-compression recovery. We validate our approach via extensive experiments on several modern vision models such as Vision Transformers (ViT), modern CNNs, and ViT-CNN hybrids, showing for the first time that these can be pruned to high sparsity levels (e.g. $\geq 75$%) with low impact on accuracy ($\leq 1$% relative drop). Our approach is also compatible with structured pruning and quantization, and can lead to practical speedups of 1.5 to 2.4x without accuracy loss. To further showcase CAP's accuracy and scalability, we use it to show for the first time that extremely-accurate large vision models, trained via self-supervised techniques, can also be pruned to moderate sparsities, with negligible accuracy loss.

In hydrology, projected climate change impact assessment studies typically rely on ensembles of downscaled climate model outputs. Due to large modeling uncertainties, the ensembles are often averaged to provide a basis for studying the effects of climate change. A key issue when analyzing averages of a climate model ensemble is whether to weight all models in the ensemble equally, often referred to as the equal‐weights or unweighted approach, or to use a weighted approach, where, in general, each model would have a different weight. Many studies have advocated for the latter, based on the assumption that models that are better at simulating the past, that is, the models with higher hindcast accuracy, will give more accurate forecasts for the future and thus should receive higher weights. To examine this issue, observed and modeled daily precipitation frequency (PF) estimates for three urban areas in the United States, namely Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois, were analyzed. The comparison used the raw output of 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The PFs from these models were compared with the observed PFs for a specific historical training period to determine model weights for each area. The unweighted and weighted averaged model PFs from a more recent testing period were then compared with their corresponding observed PFs to determine if weights improved the estimates. These comparisons indeed showed that the weighted averages were closer to the observed values than the unweighted averages in nearly all cases. The study also demonstrated how weights can help reduce model spread in future climate projections by comparing the unweighted and weighted ensemble standard deviations in these projections. In all studied scenarios, the weights actually reduced the standard deviations compared to the equal‐weights approach. Finally, an analysis of the results' sensitivity to the areal reduction factor used to allow comparisons between point station measurements and grid‐box averages is provided.

Cilj. Cilj ovog teorijskog istraživanja jest kritički prikazati suvremene oblike pisme- nosti 21. stoljeća, specifičnosti po kojima su slični ili se razlikuju, s posebnim fokusom na medijsku pismenost kao element medijskog obrazovanja kako bi se pridonijelo stvaranju pretpostavki za oblikovanje koncepta kritičke autonomije. Komplementarnost i sinergija tih pojmova prepoznati su kao ključni čimbenici za uspješan razvoj i obrazovanje svakog pojedinca. Metodologija. U istraživanju se polazi od pretpostavke da je unaprjeđenje suvremenih oblika pismenosti ključno za razvoj društva te zahtijeva od pojedinca sustavno i organizirano stjecanje raznovrsnih kompetencija s ciljem unaprjeđenja veće razine zna- nja i obrazovanja. Stoga se istraživačko pitanje odnosi na koherentnost tih pojmova. Suvremeni oblici pismenosti trebali bi se tretirati kao srodni, komplementarni pojmovi (nikako konkurentni/suparnički), koji se sjedinjuju i nadopunjuju jedni na druge čineći tako sinergiju i zajedničko djelovanje koje za cilj ima prikupljanje novih znanja i stjecanje kompetencija u suvremenom svijetu medija, informacija i obrazovanja. Postdigitalni izazov opisuje odnos pojedinca i tehnologije, ali (bi) treba(o) uključiti i odnos etike, estetike i emocije. Za pripremu i teorijsku analizu u radu korištena je relevantna znanstvena i stručna literaturna građa, s ciljem tumačenja aktualnih suvremenih oblika pismenosti, s posebnim osvrtom na medijsku pismenost u 21. stoljeću i ukazivanja na usklađenost sadržaja i teme istraživanja. Rezultati. Rad donosi kritičku analizu suvremenih oblika pismenosti i to, u metodološkom smislu, pozicioniranih u kontekstu UNESCO-vih definicija pismenosti kao vještina koje u 21. stoljeću predstavljaju uvjet za kvalitetnije obrazovanje. Sukladno definiranim ciljevima, ovaj rad opisuje aktualne suvremene oblike pismenosti prikazujući ih kroz elementarnu, sekundarnu i tercijarnu pismenost. Predstavljena su različita tumačenja suvremenih oblika pismenosti, ističući njihove specifičnosti, s posebnim fokusom na UNESCO-vu strategiju za pismenost mladih i odraslih. Posljednji dio rada fokusiran je na ulogu medijske pismenosti kao elementa medijskog obrazovanja s ciljem da se pridonese kreiranju koncepta kritičke autonomije. U radu se zaključuje da, uz ostale suvremene oblike pismenosti, medijsko opismenjavanje nudi najbolje rezultate ako se odvija u sinergiji s drugim suvremenim i komplementarnim pismenostima 21. stoljeća. Ograničenja. Informacijsko okruženje sa sobom nosi značajne mogućnosti otkri- vanja novih kreativnih potencijala, najčešće u kontekstu razvijanja tehnologije, sociokulturnog prilagođavanja pojedinca društvu i unaprjeđenja društvenog razvoja. U isto vrijeme mnogi brzomijenjajući obrasci društvenog života, prije svega tehnološke inovacije i tržišna konkurentnost, predstavljaju izazove za društvo i pojedinca. Koncept suvremenih pismenosti, s posebnim fokusom na medijsku pismenost, prema tome, predstavlja dinamičnu i promjenjivu komponentu. Medijska pismenost proučava se kao dio procesa cjeloživotnog učenja (odnosi se na svaku aktivnost učenja tijekom cijelog života) te su vještine i kompetencije koje pojedinac stječe podložne promjenama    i uvjetovane su tehnološkim inovacijama koje uključuju nove pristupe informacijama, prijenos informacija, poruka i znanja. Iz tog razloga obrazovanje za suvremene oblike pismenosti predstavlja stalan i promjenjiv proces koji zahtijeva kontinuiranu kritičku evaluaciju tehnologije i medija, kontinuirano stjecanje novih vještina i kompetencija, ali i stvara okruženje za kreiranje novih kreativnih obrazovnih i odgojnih strategija za razumijevanje i korištenje suvremenih tehnologija i medija. Društvena vrijednost. Rad je usmjeren na kritičku analizu suvremenih oblika pismenosti i to, u metodološkom smislu, pozicioniranih u kontekstu UNESCO-ovih de- finicija pismenosti kao vještina koje u 21. stoljeću predstavljaju uvjet za opstanak i kvalitetniju čovjekovu egzistenciju. Poseban osvrt je na medijskoj pismenosti jer ta komponenta, onima koji je posjeduju, omogućuje uspješniju zaštitu njihovih zakonskih prava, sloboda i razumijevanja funkcije medija. Ako je funkcija medija i način na koji mediji stvaraju utjecaj na ljude jasnija, time se konstantno stječe veća kontrola nad tim procesom i ne dopušta se medijima da od svojih korisnika stvaraju pasivne medijske recipijente. Pri tome se ne misli da je pojedinac medijski pismen ako je sposoban primati medijske poruke jer to nužno ne znači da ih je u stanju kritički procjenjivati. Originalnost/vrijednost. Znanstveni doprinos utemeljen je na istraživanju i analizi relevantne znanstvene i stručne literature s ciljem tumačenja aktualnih suvremenih oblika pismenosti s posebnim osvrtom na medijsku pismenost. S obzirom na provedeno istraživanje i analizu, predstavljeni su relevantni čimbenici koji upućuju na to da je sinergija i komplementarnost suvremenih oblika pismenosti ključan element za unaprjeđenje obrazovanja svakog pojedinca.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate alpha power as an objective measure of effortful listening in continuous speech with scalp and ear-EEG. Methods: Scalp and ear-EEG were recorded simultaneously during presentation of a 33-s news clip in the presence of 16-talker babble noise. Four different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were used to manipulate task demand. The effects of changes in SNR were investigated on alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD). Alpha activity was extracted from scalp EEG using different referencing methods (common average and symmetrical bi-polar) in different regions of the brain (parietal and temporal) and ear-EEG. Results: Alpha ERS decreased with decreasing SNR (i.e., increasing task demand) in both scalp and ear-EEG. Alpha ERS was also positively correlated to behavioural performance which was based on the questions regarding the contents of the speech. Conclusion: Alpha ERS/ERD is better suited to track performance of a continuous speech than listening effort. Significance: EEG alpha power in continuous speech may indicate of how well the speech was perceived and it can be measured with both scalp and Ear-EEG.

BACKGROUND: Tumors of the central nervous system comprise a wide range of over 100 histological distinct subtypes with different descriptive epidemiology, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes. The presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutation 1 (IDH1) has become one of the most critical biomarkers for molecular classification and prognosis in adult diffuse gliomas. About 65–90% of patients with adult diffuse gliomas have seizures as their initial symptoms. AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the association between IDH1 mutations in adult diffuse gliomas with an incidence of symptomatic epilepsy. METHODS: The study was conducted as an observational, cross-sectional, and prospective clinically controlled study at the Clinic of Neurosurgery of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. The research included a total of 100 patients treated at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, with pathohistological confirmation of glioma Grades II–IV who were stratified by groups according to tumor grade. Data were collected on tumor localization and grade, the presence of IDH mutations, and the presence of epileptic seizures as the first symptom of the glioma. RESULTS: Out of a total of 100 patients, 39 had IDH 1 mutations, while 61 patients were without them: Of these, diffuse astrocytoma Grade II 30 cases (30%), Grade III 5 (5%), and Grade IV 7 (7%), and the number of patients with glioblastoma was 58 (58%). In the group of patients with IDH 1 mutations, epileptic seizures were present in 87.2% compared to the group of patients without IDH 1 mutations (wild type) in which epileptic seizures were present in 16.4% of cases. Statistical analysis showed that the positive mutated IDH-type carries an almost 70% increase in the likelihood of epileptic seizures (χ2 = 8.378; p = 0.0001). If we separate the group of diffuse astrocytomas in the IDH 1-positive subgroup, 34 patients (85.81%) had epileptic seizures, while in the IDH 1-negative subgroup, there were no patients with epileptic seizures, which carries a statistically significant difference in frequency in favor of IDH 1-positive tumors (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a clear connection between the presence of IDH1 mutations and the occurrence of epileptic seizures in the clinical picture of patients with diffuse adult glioma.