Flood quantile estimation in ungauged basins is often performed using regional analysis. A regionalization procedure consists of two phases: the definition of homogeneous regions among gauged basins, i.e., clusters of stations, and information transfer to the ungauged sites. Due to its simplicity and widespread use, a combination of hierarchical clustering by Ward’s algorithm and the index-flood method is applied in this research. While hierarchical clustering is very efficient, its shortcomings are the lack of flexibility in the definition of clusters/regions and the inability to transfer objects/stations from one cluster center to another. To overcome this, using silhouette width for induced clustering of stations in flood studies is proposed in this paper. A regionalization procedure is conducted on 53 gauging stations under a continental climate in the West Balkans. In the induced clustering, a negative silhouette width is used as an indicator for the relocation of station(s) to another cluster. The estimates of mean annual flood and 100-year flood quantiles assessed by the original and induced clustering are compared. A jackknife procedure is applied for mean annual flood estimation and 100-year flood quantiles. Both the Hosking–Wallis and Anderson–Darling bootstrap tests provide better results regarding the homogeneity of the defined regions for the induced clustering compared to the original one. The goodness-of-fit measures indicate improved clustering results by the proposed intervention, reflecting flood quantile estimation at the stations with significant overestimation by the original clustering.

Abstract The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has prompted global health concerns. In response, researchers have been conducting investigations on active compounds in plants that may hold the potential to inhibit the proliferation of the virus. The aim of this study was to simulate and predict structural interactions of selected compounds isolated from 28 endemic plants of Bosnia and Herzegovina against the main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike glycoprotein and uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) of SARS-CoV-2. The majority of compounds, especially hesperidin, showed great binding affinity to the target proteins. The highest affinity for Mpro was observed for genistein and hesperidin, while in terms of structural interactions, both compounds achieved interactions of interest. Hesperidin and luteolin were the compounds with the highest binding affinity for PLpro, but no significant interactions were observed. For RdRp, hesperidin and quercetin showed the highest binding affinity, where both compounds formed interactions of interest. Hesperidin and fisetin were the compounds with the highest binding affinity for spike glycoprotein, and both compounds achieved significant interactions. The highest affinity for NendoU was obtained for hesperidin and isorhamnetin, where both compounds formed interactions of interest. Although these findings appear encouraging, further research is needed, which includes in vitro and in vivo assessments, along with clinical trials, to provide evidence for the potential therapeutic uses of these plants.

Objective – The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of hearing and sight impairment, and the differences in relation to school grade and sex in school children in the area of the Jajce municipality.Materials and Methods – Screening of sight and hearing impairment in school children took place in 2018 and 2019. Vision screening covered a total of 1002 students from 1st to 5th grades, and hearing screening 768 students from 2nd to 5th grades in all central and district (rural) schools in the area of the municipality of Jajce.Results – Of the total number of students covered by the vision screening, in 163 (16%) some impairment was noticed, and they were sent for further diagnostic testing by a specialist. In relation to sex, there was a higher percentage of girls, 60%, than boys, 40%. In relation to screening of hearing, 44 (6%) of the students were sent for further diagnostics, of which 57% were boys and 43% girls. During the vision screening, 5% of the students were wearing dioptric glasses. In relation to age, the largest number of students were in first grade, 14 (27%), then in second grade, 10 students (19%). Conclusion – In this study, the results showed that a large percentage of school children were found with hearing and vision impairment, which indicates the pressing need to continue running these preventive programmes.

In a ternary mixture with the Soret effect, the interplay between cross-diffusion, thermodiffusion, and convection can lead to rich and complex dynamics including spatial patterns and oscillations. We present an experimental and three-dimensional numerical study of dynamic regimes in the toluene-methanol-cyclohexane ternary mixture with the Soret effect in the geometry of a thermogravitational column. An important feature of the system is that for the first component, toluene, the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients have opposite signs, which triggers the oscillatory instability. Our experiments and numerical analysis show that the primary long-wave instability manifests itself in the form of a standing wave, and the secondary one emerges in the form of a swinging pattern. The computational model provides insight into the role of cross-diffusion coefficient D12 in the emergence and development of oscillatory instability. This study demonstrates that the long-wave oscillatory instability in transverse direction occurs only within a limited range of the D12 values and outside of this range it decays to a stationary pattern of either Turing-like or monotonic instability.

Objective: To investigate the arterial stiffness and risk factors in adolescence. Arterial stiffness often (AS) results from the degenerative process of the media layer of elastic arteries causing rigidity of the arteries. Arterial stiffness increases with age and it is associated with several risk factors as a disease predictor. But, arterial stiffness can be also increased in a healthy arteries as well. The increased sympathetic activity promotes vasoconstriction of resistant blood vessels i.e. arteries and arterioles that result in peripheral vasoconstriction. Adolescence age is the most important period of life for promoting future health. The certain dynamic risk factors in adolescence like, emotional dysregulation, psychological family stress, education pressure, lack of sleep, gambling, substance abuse, smartphone overuse and obesity can cause arterial stiffness. Design and method: The prospective open randomized study was designed. Adolescence age between 10 and 19 years have been investigated for increased arterial stiffness and risk factors. The inclusion criteria was healthy adolescence, while exclusion criteria was any disorder present. Arterial stiffness, non-invasive blood pressure and pulse wave datas have been measured using Agedio device. The risk factors were evaluated in every subject. The vascular age have been outlined as the final measure. Results: The preliminary results indicate the increase of Augmentation Index and Coefficient of Reflection. The average percentage of Augmentation Index was 40% and Coefficient of Reflection 65% (normal value 28% and 60% respectively). The main risk factors were educational pressure, lack of sleep and smartphone influence. The vascular age was on average, 3 years higher than biological age. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness in adolescence is increased mainly by peripheral vasoconstriction, manifested with Augmentation index and Coefficient of wave Reflection.

Today, tourism represents a strong and important economic branch, whether it concerns economically developed and underdeveloped countries as well as developing countries. It can increase employment in almost all countries, regardless of their level of development. Today's moment is marked by pronounced global crises, which again have a strong negative impact on the economic and social aspects of society, both globally and locally. Tourism, due to its characteristics and the positive effects it achieves in the process of realizing all activities in its area, can greatly reduce the percentage of unemployment in local communities. This positive effect of reducing unemployment is reflected in the possibility of employment for all categories of the unemployed, and particularly vulnerable groups of the unemployed such as people with disabilities, women, young people, the long-term unemployed, etc. Encouraging tourism in states or certain regions can have a favourable positive effect on employment within the territory. the same. For countries and regions that have developed tourism and that do not have pronounced problems with unemployment, activities through tourism increase the country's balance of payments as additional income through exports. Underdeveloped regions and countries and developing countries, by increasing activities through tourism, in addition to being an important source of income, realize a particularly important positive effect through the reduction of unemployment rates in them. Many developed countries, among which Austria is the leader, as a highly developed tourist destination for a long time, institutionally, have realized and use the potential offered by tourism to increase employment and actively use it to reduce the unemployment rate. Unfortunately, in our country and its tourist regions, where tourism is often one of the most important economic branches, this has not been done and they still record high rates of unemployment. Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sarajevo Canton is a sector that can make a significant contribution to faster economic development. In our country and its regions and cantons, there are great potentials for increasing tourism activities, which will generate a greater number of jobs in tourism as well as tourism-related economic branches. To successfully solve the problem of unemployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its regions and cantons, positive experiences of tourism development through selective forms of tourism can be used, also using models of successful experiences from the world and the countries of the European Union. Keywords: tourism, unemployment, selective forms of tourism, European Union unemployment, Sarajevo Canton unemployment.

Dysfunction of neutrophils in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is best characterized in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), whereas peripheral blood neutrophils are less examined, and the results are contradictory, especially in younger populations. Therefore, this work aimed to study functional and phenotypic changes in circulating neutrophils in children with CF. The study included 19 CF children (5–17 years) and 14 corresponding age-matched healthy children. Isolated neutrophils were cultured either alone or with different stimuli. Several functions were studied: apoptosis, NET-osis, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil elastase (NE), and 11 cytokines. In addition, the expression of 20 molecules involved in different functions of neutrophils was evaluated by using flow cytometry. CF neutrophils showed reduced apoptosis and lower production of NE and IL-18 compared to the healthy controls, whereas IL-8 was augmented. All of these functions were further potentiated after neutrophil stimulation, which included higher ROS production and the up-regulation of CD11b and IL-10 expression. NET-osis was higher only when neutrophils from moderate–severe CF were treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the process correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Phagocytosis was not significantly changed. In conclusion, circulating neutrophils from children with CF showed fewer impaired changes in phenotype than in function. Functional abnormalities, which were already present at the baseline levels in neutrophils, depended on the type of stimuli that mimicked different activation states of these cells at the site of infection.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a diverse disease with various clinical, pathological and molecular features that affect tumor biological behavior, treatment response and prognosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between metabolic 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters (SUVmax, MTV and TLG) and CEA in recurrent and metastatic CRC and to evaluate prognostic value of metabolic 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in recurrent and metastatic CRC. Methods: A descriptive study of 100 patients with previously detected and surgically treated CRC referred to PET/CT with a suspicion of recurrent or metastatic CRC. CEA was measured within three months from the imaging. A low-dose PET/CT was performed per institutional protocol. For each hypermetabolic lesion, metabolic PET/CT parameters (SUVmax, MTV, TLG) were calculated semiautomatically. Pathohistology or clinical data from the follow-up were used as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for 18F-FDG PET/CT and CEA in detection of recurrent or metastatic CRC were calculated. Correlation between CEA and SUVmax, MTV and TLG was calculated, separately. To assess the prognostic values of metabolic parameters in CRC, survival analysis with 18-month progression-free survival (PFS) as an endpoint was performed. Microsoft Excel sheets, ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to present the data. Logrank and Tarone-Ware test and Cox model of proportional hazards were used to compare the groups. Results: Study included 100 patients, 45 males and 55 females, age range 36-81 years, mean age 61,4 years. Cancer site was colon in 56% and rectum in 44%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of recurrent or metastatic CRC was 95%, 73%, 70% and 95%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CEA in detection of recurrent or metastatic CRC was 58%, 96%, 91% and 78%, respectively. SUVmax, MTV and TLG positively correlated with CEA, but only CEA-TLG correlation was considered significant (r=0,67). The regression model analysis revealed: SUVmax (HR=0,63, 95%CI=0,28-1,41, p=0,214), MTV (0,59, 95%CI=0,28-1,22, p=0,111) and TLG (HR=0,45 95%CI=0,21-0,99, p=0,028), and the prognostic role in CRC was proven for TLG only. Conclusion: Metabolic 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters may have the prognostic value in CRC, but further multicentric prospective studies are required for validation.

Cyber-physical systems are taking on a permanent role in the industry, such as in oil and gas or mining. These systems are expected to perform increasingly autonomous tasks in complex settings removing human operators from remote and potentially hazardous environments. High autonomy necessitates a more extensive use of artificial intelligence methods, such as anomaly detection, to identify unusual occurrences in the monitored environment. The absence of data characterizing potentially hazardous events leads to disruptive noise displayed as false alarms, a common anomaly detection issue for hazard identification applications. Contrastingly, disregarding the false alarms can result in the opposite effect, causing loss of early indications of hazardous occurrences. Existing research introduces simulating and extrapolating less represented data to expand the information on hazards and semi-supervise the methods or by introducing thresholds and rule-based methods to balance noise and meaningful information, necessitating intensive computing resources. This research proposes a novel Warning Identification Framework that evaluates risk analysis objectives and applies them to discern between true and false warnings identified by anomaly detection. We demonstrate the results by analyzing three seismic hazard assessment methods for identifying seismic tremors and comparing the outcomes to anomalies found using the unsupervised anomaly detection method. The demonstrated approach shows great potential in enhancing the reliability and transparency of anomaly detection outcomes and, thus, supporting the operational decision-making process of a cyber-physical system.

Is it safe to have a pregnancy in women with prior history of hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer? Pregnancy following breast cancer treatments in young women with history of hormone receptor-positive disease is safe with no detrimental effect on patients’ prognosis. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women of reproductive age. Both physicians and patients continue to have concerns about a potential detrimental effect of pregnancy after breast cancer, particularly in the setting of hormone receptor-positive disease. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the safety of pregnancy after anticancer treatments in breast cancer survivors. A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane library with no language or date restriction up to January 1st, 2023, was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. We included retrospective or prospective case-control and cohort studies as well as prospective clinical trials comparing survival outcomes of premenopausal female patients with reported pregnancy or not after diagnosis and treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Included patients were childbearing potential age women with a prior history of hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. Outcomes of interest were disease-free survival and overall survival. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted. Higgins I2 index was used to evaluate the degree of inconsistency in the results of the included studies. Pooled HRs were considered statistically significant with a P value of < 0.05 (two-sided). Eight studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. A total of 3,805 patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer were included in these studies, of whom 1,285 had a pregnancy after treatments. Median follow-up of the included studies ranged from 3.81 years to 15.8 years. In three studies (n = 987 patients) reporting on disease-free survival outcomes, no difference was observed between patients with or without a subsequent pregnancy (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.75 – 1.24, p = 0.781). Six studies (n = 3,504 patients) reported outcomes in terms of overall survival: patients with a pregnancy after breast cancer had better overall survival compared with those without a pregnancy (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 – 0.77, p < 0.05). At the subgroup analysis on timing of pregnancy, no detrimental effect of pregnancy after breast cancer in terms of disease-free survival was observed for patients achieving a late pregnancy (defined as 2 or 5 years after diagnosis) as compared to patients without a subsequent pregnancy (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.80 – 1.46, p = 0.611). Increased disease-free survival was observed in patients with an early pregnancy (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 – 0.85, p < 0.05). This meta-analysis is based on abstracted data and most of the studies are retrospective cohort studies. Median follow-up in a large proportion of the studies was shorter than 10 years. Adjuvant hormone therapy before and after pregnancy was not available in many studies included. Our results strengthen the evidence that having a pregnancy in women with prior history of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is safe. not applicable

Connected, Cooperative, and Autonomous Mobility (CCAM) will take intelligent transportation to a new level of complexity. CCAM systems can be thought of as complex Systems-of-Systems (SoSs). They pose new challenges to security as consequences of vulnerabilities or attacks become much harder to assess. In this paper, we propose the use of a specific type of a trust model, called subjective trust network, to model and assess trustworthiness of data and nodes in an automotive SoS. Given the complexity of the topic, we illustrate the application of subjective trust networks on a specific example, namely Cooperative Intersection Management (CIM). To this end, we introduce the CIM use-case and show how it can be modelled as a subjective trust network. We then analyze how such trust models can be useful both for design time and run-time analysis, and how they would allow us a more precise quantitative assessment of trust in automotive SoSs. Finally, we also discuss the open research problems and practical challenges that need to be addressed before such trust models can be applied in practice.

This study is established on the aim to analyse a game and determine differences in a shot efficacy in an offence the woman’s handball national teams at the Olympic games in Tokyo 2021. Four national teams were analysed: France, Russia, Norway and Sweden. To analyse a game in the offence, 12 variables were used: total number of shots (sut_uk), efficient number of shots (sut_usp), total number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_uk), efficient number of shots from 6 meters (sut_m6_us), total number of shots from wings (sut_kril_uk), the efficient number of shots from wings (sut_kr_us), total number of shots from 9 meters (sut_m9_uk), efficient number of shots from 9 meters (sut_m9_us), total number of shots from 7 meters (sut_m7_uk), efficient number of shots from 7 meters (sut_m7_us), total number of fast centres (brzc_uk) and total number of efficient fast centres (sut_brzc_us). All national teams had the approximal number of efficient shots on a goal. The highest number of efficient shots from 6 m had the French and Norwegian national teams. From the wing position, the highest number of efficient shots had the Norwegian national team, while the lowest number of efficient goals from the wing position had the Russian national team. The Norwegian and French national teams were approximately efficient in the shot’s realisation from 9 m. In a realisation of the fast centre, the Russian national team stands out with the highest number and the French national team had the lowest number of efficient shots. Key words: cumulative analysis, handball, woman, shooting accuracy, efficiency,Olympic games

Background In last two decades, there have been substantial changes in the pattern of lipid-modifying medicines utilisation following the new treatment guidelines based on clinical trials. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the overall utilisation and expenditure of lipid-modifying medicines in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during an 11-year follow-up period and to express its share in relation to the total cardiovascular medicines (C group) utilisation. Methods In this retrospective, observational study, medicines utilisation data were analysed between 2010 and 2020 period using the ATC/DDD methodology and expressed as the number of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DDD/TID). The medicines expenditure analysis was used to estimate the annual expenditure of medicines in Euro based on DDD. Results During the analysed period, the use of lipid-modifying medicines increased almost 3-times (12.82 DDD/TID in 2010 vs 34.32 DDD/TID in 2020), with a rise in expenditure from 1.24 million Euro to 2.15 million Euro in the same period. This was mainly driven by an increased use of statins with 163.07%, and among these, rosuvastatin increased more than 1500-fold, and atorvastatin with 106.95% increase. With the appearance of generics, simvastatin showed a constant decline, while the other lipid-modifying medicines in relation to the total utilisation had a neglecting increase. Conclusion The use of lipid-modifying medicines in the Republic of Srpska has constantly increased and strongly corresponded to the adopted treatment guidelines and the positive medicines list of health insurance fund. The results and trends are comparable with other countries, but still the utilisation of lipid-lowering medicines represents the smallest share of total medicines use for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, compared to high-income countries.