The study indicates wartime programmed violence's implications within the liberal interpretation of contemporary legislative and human rights debates. It discusses related war theories and practices, problematizing instrumentalization of instilling new global ethics, arguing that humanitarian interventions often became "usable" in the new millennium's geopolitics; wars fatally affect the innocent. It points out that the origins of democracy are structurally violent and that the threat of terrorism, in addition to revealing new forms of "democratic violence," is having a transformative effect on the very character of democracy. How the concept of just cause agrees with armed humanitarian intervention, and whether we have the right to impose democracy by force? Whether the theory of just war in its positivist-legalist paradigm that combines universalist principles with utilitarian harm-weighing versus profit can offer a comprehensive method of morally contemplating current wars. The distinction between liberal cosmopolitan arguments and social democratic ones is apparent. The arbitrariness and the imposition of individual states' views create issues, leading to fragility (human security, socioeconomics, economic development, health). The compulsory international focus and responsibility should incorporate critical medical (children) - "the right to health" and humanitarian goods. Implementing rules to control war's destructiveness is less effective in intercultural conflicts. The doctrine of "just war" application is questionable, and no new victim should suffer even when the goal of the intervention is entirely legitimate and "humane." It cannot be just that it will exempt intervention forces from applying international humanitarian law, nor does the legitimacy of the intervention exempt them from respect for international humanitarian law. The international law concept has evolved from an instrument of promoting peace to an agent of the violent argument of force realization. Ethics is often imposed as politics; human rights ethics transformed into war ethics, leading to human rights violations and civilian casualties. War justice and the moral paradigm within globalization's contemporary forms are questioned. A broader discussion of the assumptions of the universality of Western values that have driven international law for centuries is required.

While distributed generators (DGs) can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, they can also cause disturbances and lead to power quality (PQ) issues, with harmonic voltages being an important parameter to consider. In this paper, the impact of 14 connected photovoltaics (PVs) and a small hydropower plant (sHPP) on harmonic voltage distortions in a real medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Simulation tools carried out by DigSILENT PowerFactory offer a wide range of advantages that give system operators the ability to have insight into PQ behavior in the presence of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). Due to the inverter-based electricity generation, PV power plants inject harmonics into the LV network. The impact is relatively small and does not violate the limits from the European PQ standard EN 50160 due to the relatively small power of the modelled existing PVs. However, integrating additional PVs could lead to a violation of limits. Therefore, where a large power of PV power plants is installed, if it is possible to integrate sHPP, they will contribute to the reduction of generated harmonics without the need to reduce the power of PV. The contribution of this paper is that it compares the impact of different power generation technologies on harmonic voltages using data from a real network rather than a test network.

Control design for multi-rotor aerial vehicles (MAVs) is quite challenging problem due to their nonlinearitles, unknown dynamics, parametric uncertainties, an underactuated property, a nonlinear coupling dynamics and external disturbances. This paper introduces a first order sliding mode control (FOSMC) for robust stabilization of an under-actuated quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating in the presence of external disturbances. The proposed FOSMC guarantees a finite time convergence of the system trajectories to the sliding surface. Obtained simulations show that the FOSM based approach improves robustness properties compared with the concurrent techniques, and enhance tracking performance of the quad-rotor UAV exposed to external disturbances.

Aims: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene. To date, more than 1900 mutations of this gene are known. Studies have shown that the most common mutation is delF508. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the prevalence of individual mutations in the general population has not been thoroughly studied, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the mutation concerning the countries of the region and the rest of the world. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Thirty-nine subjects with suspected Cystic fibrosis were referred to the Center for Genetics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo between 2018-2020. Methodology: 29 common CFTR gene mutations were analysed with the ELUCIGENE CF29 v2 kit (Elucigene Diagnostics, UK) using four multiplex PCR. Results: The most common mutation in our study was the F508 deletion, present in 14 subjects (73.68%). R347P and G542X mutations were confirmed in two subjects in the heterozygous state in combination with delF508 (M) 5.26% of each of these mutations. 621+1G>T was found in a homozygous state in one subject, while in another, it was in a heterozygous state in combination with delF508(M) mutation, 10.52%. Mutation 2184 delA was found in one subject in the homozygous state with a total frequency of 5.26%. Conclusion: Subjects with cystic fibrosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina are most often carriers of the delF508 mutation. Considering the existence of many mutations and that it is difficult to test them all, targeting the most common mutations in a clinical environment might help in approving therapy, and increasing patients’ quality of life.

BACKGROUND This investigation provides an important insight into Eurasian consumers' food safety beliefs and trust issues influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in 15 European and Asian countries involving more than 4000 consumers. RESULTS It has confirmed that different socioeconomic characteristics, cultural aspects, and education levels shape food safety perceptions within Eurasian countries. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced their beliefs and trust in food safety, which is relatively low on average. However, it is significantly higher for European consumers (especially EU ones) as compared to their Asian counterparts. Both Asian and European respondents agreed that food fraud and climate changes represent a food safety issue. However, European consumers were less concerned regarding the food safety of genetically modified foods and meat and dairy analogs/hybrids. Asian consumers were, to a greater extent, worried about the risk of getting COVID-19 from food, restaurants, food retail establishments, and home food deliveries. CONCLUSION The greatest extent of trust, when food safety assurance is concerned, Eurasian consumers have put into food scientists and food producers holding a food safety certificate. Broadly, they are uncertain to what extent their federal governments and food inspectors are competent, able, and efficient in ensuring food safety. Higher education of Eurasian consumers was followed by increased food safety confidence in all parts of the food chain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

In order to ensure sufficient recovery of the human body and brain, healthy sleep is indispensable. For this purpose, appropriate therapy should be initiated at an early stage in the case of sleep disorders. For some sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia), a sleep diary is essential for diagnosis and therapy monitoring. However, subjective measurement with a sleep diary has several disadvantages, requiring regular action from the user and leading to decreased comfort and potential data loss. To automate sleep monitoring and increase user comfort, one could consider replacing a sleep diary with an automatic measurement, such as a smartwatch, which would not disturb sleep. To obtain accurate results on the evaluation of the possibility of such a replacement, a field study was conducted with a total of 166 overnight recordings, followed by an analysis of the results. In this evaluation, objective sleep measurement with a Samsung Galaxy Watch 4 was compared to a subjective approach with a sleep diary, which is a standard method in sleep medicine. The focus was on comparing four relevant sleep characteristics: falling asleep time, waking up time, total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE). After evaluating the results, it was concluded that a smartwatch could replace subjective measurement to determine falling asleep and waking up time, considering some level of inaccuracy. In the case of SE, substitution was also proved to be possible. However, some individual recordings showed a higher discrepancy in results between the two approaches. For its part, the evaluation of the TST measurement currently does not allow us to recommend substituting the measurement method for this sleep parameter. The appropriateness of replacing sleep diary measurement with a smartwatch depends on the acceptable levels of discrepancy. We propose four levels of similarity of results, defining ranges of absolute differences between objective and subjective measurements. By considering the values in the provided table and knowing the required accuracy, it is possible to determine the suitability of substitution in each individual case. The introduction of a “similarity level” parameter increases the adaptability and reusability of study findings in individual practical cases.

Measuring cardiorespiratory parameters in sleep, using non-contact sensors and the Ballistocardiography technique has received much attention due to the low-cost, unobtrusive, and non-invasive method. Designing a user-friendly, simple-to-use, and easy-to-deployment preserving less error-prone remains open and challenging due to the complex morphology of the signal. In this work, using four forcesensitive resistor sensors, we conducted a study by designing four distributions of sensors, in order to simplify the complexity of the system by identifying the region of interest for heartbeat and respiration measurement. The sensors are deployed under the mattress and attached to the bed frame without any interference with the subjects. The four distributions are combined in two linear horizontal, one linear vertical, and one square, covering the influencing region in cardiorespiratory activities. We recruited 4 subjects and acquired data in four regular sleeping positions, each for a duration of 80 seconds. The signal processing was performed using discrete wavelet transform bior 3.9 and smooth level of 4 as well as bandpass filtering. The results indicate that we have achieved the mean absolute error of 2.35 and 4.34 for respiration and heartbeat, respectively. The results recommend the efficiency of a triangleshaped structure of three sensors for measuring heartbeat and respiration parameters in all four regular sleeping positions.

This study evaluates the effects of non-invasive home telemonitoring methods of managing congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with particular focus on complexity of intervention, patient characteristics, patient severity, and key enabling technologies (KETs) adopted. Our goal was to capture all possible aspects of previously documented outcomes and provide updated and clearer evidence on mixed effects on common themes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1 January 2012 and 6 June 2019, focusing on home telemonitoring of patients with only CHF or CHF coexisting with other chronic disease(s), were retrieved from online resources (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE(R), Your journals@Ovid, Elsevier, and ClinicalTrials.gov). The snowball sampling method and forward citation tracking on Google Scholar were also adopted to identify additional relevant studies. Retrieved studies were in a language known by the authors (i.e., English, Spanish or Italian). Quality assessment of individual studies for shortcomings in design, management, evaluation, and reporting was done using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool. Variables of interest were synthesized as differences in relative risk (RR), or as weighted mean differences (WMD). Outcomes were assigned as primary or secondary based on a principal judgement of clinical importance, and secondarily on highest recurrent counts in included studies. In all, 28 RCTs involving 10,258 patients were included in the qualitative synthesis, out of which 24 were used for the quantitative synthesis. These studies focused on non-invasive telemonitoring practices for home monitoring of CHF patients, through the deployment of different kinds of electronic/mobile devices, with most having wireless communication capabilities. Moreover, studies focusing on implantable monitoring devices in terms of inputs, data and patient performance were also included. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ((WMD = -27.75; 95% CI (-53.36, -2.14); p-value = 0.034), rehospitalization/hospitalization for heart failure (RR = 0.88; 95% CI (0.79, 0.98); p-value = 0.015), cardiovascular death/heart failure hospitalization (RR = 0.70; 95% CI (0.51, 0.97); p-value = 0.03), and six minute walk test (6MWT) (WMD = 25.61; 95% CI (9.22, 41.99); p-value = 0.002) significantly improved in the telemonitoring group, while the number of visits to a nurse (WMD = 1.42; 95% CI (0.33, 2.52); p-value = 0.011) increased considerably compared to usual care. Although there were limitations to the evidence provided in this review such as wide variations in certain variables (e.g., sample populations, RoB assessment, telemonitoring tools, follow-up periods), issues with allocation concealment and blinding of participants and personnel, and paucity of data for synthesizing particular outcomes of interest, overall, telemonitoring seems to offer much better results in the treatment of CHF patients compared to usual care. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been retrospectively registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository with https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NDXCP. All data related to this study, including the electronic supplementary data, can be found at this link: osf.io/57q3h.