This paper examines the relationship between herbivores and plants with a strong Allee effect. When the plant reaches a particular size, the herbivore attacks it. We use the logistic equation to model plant growth and analyze its behavior without herbivores before investigating their interactions. Our study investigates the equilibrium points and their stability, discovering that different fixed points can become unstable due to various bifurcations such as transcritical, saddle-node, period-doubling, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. We have identified the Allee threshold, which, if exceeded, can cause both populations to become extinct below that level. However, we have discovered a coexistence equilibrium that is locally asymptotically stable for a range of parameter values above that threshold. Our additional numerical simulations suggest that this area of stability can be expanded. Our results indicate that this system is highly responsive to its parameters. We compare our findings to those of a system without strong Allee effects and conduct numerical simulations to verify our results. By including the Allee effect in the plant population, we enrich the local and global dynamics of the system.

Aim To investigate morphometric determinants of lumbar canal in patients treated in Cantonal Hospital Zenica, and their variation according to gender. Methods Morphometry of lumbar spinal canal was assessed in 52 patients treated at the Department of Neurosurgery of Cantonal Hospital Zenica in the period between September 2022 and November 2022. Data were collected retrospectively: anteroposterior and transverse diameter of lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs, as well as anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal. Results Gender appeared to be an important morphometric determinant, since it significantly differed when it comes to lumbar vertebral anteroposterior and transverse diameter, being mostly larger in males. Conclusion This study increases anatomical knowledge of the vertebras and spinal canal of the lumbar region. Therefore, the measured dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae and spinal canal could be used as a baseline point for evaluation of patients presenting with low back pain and potential spinal canal stenosis.

Entre os vários problemas ambientais da contemporaneidade, a falta do reconhecimento da importância da botânica no nosso cotidiano, a ausência de sensibilização e a interação com a natureza são assuntos que a sociedade deve discutir. O presente trabalho, a fim de buscar e implantar possibilidades dentro da Educação Ambiental (EA), traz a proposta de formatação de uma trilha interpretativa conduzida e/ou autoconduzida de uma forma didático-pedagógica no campus da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). A metodologia propõe uma dupla análise ao utilizar os métodos de Indicadores de Atratividades de Pontos Interpretativos (IAPI) e o Valor Turístico (Vtur). Foram realizadas visitas ao Horto Florestal da UESC e, com o auxílio do GPS Garmin etrex 10x e do aplicativo de celular TCpGPS, propomos um novo trajeto da trilha de 1.047 metros, com design circular e 10 pontos interpretativos. Diante disso, é possível afirmar que as metodologias utilizadas na proposta atingiram seu escopo ao possibilitar o conhecimento da flora local, das relações ecológicas, da acessibilidade, bem como do desenvolvimento de atitudes e valores diante do meio ambiente, de forma prática e sistematizada.

A sociedade experimenta uma forma de economia calcada em tecnologias de vigilância, que influenciou na conflagração de dados em camadas incomensuráveis. Nesse contexto, aparelha-se um desafio para a pesquisa científica, que deve acontecer obedecendo os padrões nacionais de proteção de dados pessoais. Para tanto, o presente trabalho objetiva estabelecer os padrões da LGPD para pesquisa científica, o contexto histórico que fundamenta a importância da ética na pesquisa e os perigos de uma regulamentação rígida da pesquisa através da LGPD que pode ferir direitos fundamentais. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, com utilização de recursos bibliográficos e documentais. Em conclusão, a LGPD revela uma nova realidade para a pesquisa científica, transformando o pesquisador ou órgão de pesquisa em agentes de tratamento, com devidas responsabilidades no tratamento de dados pessoais dos humanos envolvidos na pesquisa científica. 

Aim This is the first research in Bosnia and Herzegovina presenting minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (MICS CABG) experience, advantages, and outcomes as compared to conventional surgery (OPEN CABG). Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 and November 2022 and included patients with indication for surgical revascularization. Results Among 237 patients, males predominated, 182 (76.7%), with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.4±3.9, median The Society of Thoracic Surgery Risk (STS) score of 1.55 (0.8, 4.0), short term STS score of 11.2 (6.8, 23.7), mean age of 64.8±8.7 (ranging 41-83) years, 122 (51.4%) underwent OPEN CABG and 115 (48.6%) MICS CABG. MICS CABG took less time (p<0.001; OPEN 3.5±0.8h; MICS 2.8±0.8h) and needed less mechanical ventilation (p<0.001, OPEN 17.3±11.9h; MICS 13.0±12.5h) than OPEN CABG. Even though there was no difference in hospitalization length between groups (OPEN (7.5±3.2), MICS (7.1±4.0)), patients receiving MICS (2.9±1.5) spent less time in the ICU (p=0.0013) than OPEN CABG (3.6±2.8). OPEN CABG used also more blood derivatives, red blood cells (OPEN 292 vs MICS 55), plasma (OPEN 270 vs MICS 86) and platelets (OPEN 71 vs MICS 28). Conclusion Patients undergoing MICS CABG in Bosnia and Herzegovina had less mechanical ventilation hours and less ICU duration compared to OPEN CABG even though the hospitalization duration was very similar. MICS CABG takes less time to be conducted, has fewer CPRs postoperatively, uses less blood derivatives including red blood cells, plasma and platelets.

Aim Examination of the effectiveness of STR loci in proving sibship of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian village of Orahovica and the formation of a "grey zone". Methods The probability of sibship was determined by calculating the likelihood ratio (LR) parameter for each of the 15 observed STR loci and for each of the pairs of relatives and non-relatives. Cumulative sibship index (CSI) was calculated for each of the pairs by multiplying the LR values of all 15 loci and obtained values are used as CSI limit for separating relatives from non-relatives. By creating a grey zone for local populations, an attempt was made to obtain a line of demarcation between siblings and non-siblings. Results An analysis of the origin of the respondents' relatives was performed, up to the level of sibship in the third generation. The results of the CSI for pairs of relatives from the village of Orahovica showed that the highest CSI value, and therefore the sibship probability was recorded among relatives from the village of Orahovica (CSI=534211727.203;SP=99.999999812%). On the contrary, incredibly low CSI value was recorded among non-relatives,ranging from CSI=0.0000001 to 0.5261434 (SP=0.000009999% to 34.475357951%). Conclusion For the threshold value CSI=1 and for CSI=3, this method determined sibship in 100% of pairs of relatives and the absence of biological sibship in 100% of pairs of non-relatives in the village of Orahovica. The STR system is proved to be a successful method in determining sibship or absence of sibship in small local populations.

Aim To determine the value of angles between the left coronary artery main trunk (LMT) and its branches, the anterior interventricular branch (LAD) and the circumflex branch (CX), and their possible relationship with the LMT length. Methods A total of 29 cadaveric hearts were used. The left coronary artery and its branches were dissected. The hearts were then classified according to the number of branches. The LMT length was measured with a digital gauge, and the LAD-CX angle, LMTLAD angle and LMT-CX angle with a manual goniometer. Results The average value of the LMT length was 9.0 mm (6.0-13.5). In 20 (68.97%) samples, the LMT was divided into two terminal branches. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.321) in LMT length between the hearts with a bifurcation and without it. The average value of the LAD-CX angle was 89.0⁰ (74.5-93.0), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.020) comparing to hearts with trifurcation. The mean value of the LMT-LAD angle was 30.83±9.23⁰ and it was significantly lower (p=0.006) in the group of hearts with bifurcation compared to the group with trifurcation of the main trunk. Conclusion The LMT length shows great variability and is not related to the LAD-CX, LMT-LAD or the LMT-CX angle. Knowledge of the left coronary variation is essential in order to avoid misinterpretation of arteriogram.