Abstract In the dynamic field of power systems, integrating distributed generation (DG) sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is crucial for enhancing reliability and fostering sustainability. However, this integration poses voltage profile management challenges in electrical grids. This study investigates voltage profile optimization in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Gračanica network, focusing on a medium voltage feeder with 68 buses. Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, six scenarios with different configurations of solar plants are analyzed for their impact on voltage profiles and power losses. Results show that while DG integration offers benefits, incorrect sizing or placement can increase power losses. Optimal DG benefits are linked to specific sizes and locations. This research emphasizes the need for balancing PV generation with load demands and provides insights for optimal PV plant size and output to minimize negative impacts. These findings aid energy planners and policymakers in implementing distributed solar PV in medium voltage networks.

Open access implies the idea of scientific information dissemination over the Internet that is free to the end user. The higher education and university libraries’ mission is to connect people and information, and the goals of open access help librarians respond to users' information queries more quickly. This paper presents the basic concepts of open access with an emphasis on creating an open access journal through ten steps. The open access portal at the University of Sarajevo is also presented within the paper, as well.

Abstract This paper presents a method for distributed generation (DG) allocation in medium voltage (MV) distribution system based on energy loss minimization. The main objective of the research is to design, implement and test a DG allocation (siting and sizing) method and to investigate how optimal DG allocation influence the operational parameters of the system from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. The problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem solved by using both genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Model of a realistic Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) and IEEE 37-bus EPDS are used as test systems. The results confirm that proposed algorithms can be used for practical DG allocation. The research presented contributes to the field as it provides a DG allocation method for energy loss reduction performed on a EPDS which can be applied in realistic planning and regulatory situations using open-source software.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of beech and fir finger joints under laboratory conditions. The samples were manufactured using a 9 mm finger joint with glued surfaces, in accordance with the EN 14 080 standard. Polyurethane adhesive of class D3, commonly used for the production of exterior wooden structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was applied to the samples. The specimens were subjected to destructive four-point bending tests according to the BAS EN 408 standard, and the achieved bending strength was statistically evaluated and compared to the results of unglued samples.

Timber structures have been a popular choice for construction due to their natural and aesthetic appeal. However, with the increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendliness, alternative building materials are gaining popularity. One such material that has gained attention is coconut wood. Coconut wood is a by-product of the coconut industry and has several unique properties that make it an excellent choice for timber structures. This paper reviews the properties and applications of coconut wood in timber structures and discusses its advantages, limitations, and challenges. We discussed the physical and chemical properties and durability of coconut wood. The average density of coconut palm wood ranges from 0.41-1.11g/cm3, while its moisture content ranges from 50% to 400%. Coconut wood has low shrinkage and swelling rates, reducing the risk of cracking or warping. The holocellulose content is about 67% while the lignin content is approximately 25%. Chemical and natural products, are effective in protecting coconut wood against decay and insect attack. Understanding such characteristics of coconut wood is critical for its optimal utilization in various industries. By employing appropriate preservation techniques and utilizing this versatile and sustainable resource, coconut wood can continue to provide significant benefits for communities and industries around the world.

Preschool wheezing and childhood asthma create a heavy disease burden which is only exacerbated by the complexity of the conditions. Preschool wheezing exhibits both “curricular” and “aetiological” heterogeneity: that is, heterogeneity across patients both in the time‐course of its development and in its underpinning pathological mechanisms. Since these are not fully understood, but clinical presentations across patients may nonetheless be similar, current diagnostic labels are imprecise—not mapping cleanly onto underlying disease mechanisms—and prognoses uncertain. These uncertainties also make a identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention difficult. In the past few decades, carefully designed birth cohort studies have collected “big data” on a large scale, incorporating not only a wealth of longitudinal clinical data, but also detailed information from modalities as varied as imaging, multiomics, and blood biomarkers. The profusion of big data has seen the proliferation of what we term “modern data approaches” (MDAs)—grouping together machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data science—to make sense and make use of this data. In this review, we survey applications of MDAs (with an emphasis on machine learning) in childhood wheeze and asthma, highlighting the extent of their successes in providing tools for prognosis, unpicking the curricular heterogeneity of these conditions, clarifying the limitations of current diagnostic criteria, and indicating directions of research for uncovering the etiology of the diseases underlying these conditions. Specifically, we focus on the trajectories of childhood wheeze phenotypes. Further, we provide an explainer of the nature and potential use of MDAs and emphasize the scope of what we can hope to achieve with them.

It is known from theory and practice that the workability of wood depends on structural parameters that are closely related to the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the type of wood itself, and disturbance parameters that refer to the technological and geometric parameters determined by the specific processing regime. That machinability, in addition to the mechanical output sizes, is often expressed by the quality, that is, the roughness of the processed surface. By defining a mathematical model in the process of planing solid wood in which the input sizes are processing parameters: wood density (ρ), feed rate (m/min) and number of cutting spirals (z), and the spilled sizes are praamters of roughness of the treated surface (Ra and Rz), and by applying optimization methods, optimal solutions for the process of planing solid wood on planer machines will be determined, so that the obtained Yoptim model will aim to improve the workability of solid wood, specifically its roughness of the processed surface.

The work represents the continuation of the research of the maximum bending stress force of a wooden beam up to the moment of failure, which is defined experimentally and with a corresponding mathematical model. The goal was to confirm the accuracy of the mathematical model of the breaking force using numerical simulation and the Solid Works software. Five different types of wood and five different beam thicknesses were used as input parameters whose influence was monitored trough the simulation. The stress deformation state and deflection for the calculated fracture forces were analysed separately for each variant. The breaking force model, which is defined depending on the density of the wood and the thickness of the board, proved to be adequate for defining the maximum stresses and deflections when bending beams.

In order to determine the bending strength of wood or wood-based panels, an experimental method is typically used to test samples of different sizes that involves bending or compression. However, such tests are expensive and time-consuming, so mathematical models are often applied that allow predicting the bending strength based on a smaller number of obtained test results. One such model is the Lagrange interpolation polynomial. The study discusses Lagrange’s interpolation model. Using the results of tests done on plywood of various thicknesses, approximates the bending strength of plywood for values that could not be tested directly and provides an estimate of strength for particular values.

This paper brings the introduction of the analysis of foundation solution for the noise protection walls on the reinforced earth along the Highway Corridor Vc, a road and rail transport corridor that connects Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, included in the network of Pan-European transport corridors. A solution with pile foundations made of steel IPE profiles is presented in detail. During the design and modelling, as well as the calculation of the structural foundation, the modern software program PLAXIS was used, and the calculation was made in accordance with EN 1997 Eurocode 7, Geotechnical Design. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the impact of driving IPE steel profiles, as foundation piles, on reinforced earth. The presented solution was then verified by an additional control calculation and a field test of the impact of the horizontal load on the bearing capacity of the IPE steel profile driven into the reinforced slope. Based on the conducted analyses and testing, it has been proven that it is possible to build noise protection walls on the reinforced earth without disturbing the internal stability and functionality of the reinforced earth.

Modeling flow in open channels is essential for determining channel capacity and predicting flood events. The key segment for creating flood hazard and risk maps is a high-quality hydraulic model of the flow in the main bed with its tributaries. Several software packages have been developed for hydrodynamic simulations of flood events. In addition to the geometric characteristics of the watercourse, the equations of a one-dimensional flow model include a parameter that connects all influences that provide resistance to the flow of water. Determining the roughness of a natural channel is one of the most demanding procedures for the development of hydraulic models. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate and validate the Manning coefficients of the channel roughness using simulation models. In the present study, the estimation of channel and floodplain roughness for the Veseočica River in Bosnia and Herzegovina was performed using the HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model. After calibration and verification of the model, flood hazard maps were created for flood waves with return periods of 20, 100, and 500 years. ArcGIS and HEC-GeoRAS software tools were used to create the flood risk maps.

The objective of this research was to investigate impulsivity among children with dyslexia and comorbid dyslexia/ADHD. Children with these disorders, along with a non-ADHD/dyslexia sample, completed a self-report on impulsivity. Additionally, a specific impulsivity scale was completed by the children's parents and teachers. The analysis revealed a main effect for groups, indicating that children with dyslexia and comorbid dyslexia/ADHD reported more symptoms of impulsivity than normally achieving children. Furthermore, differences were identified between children with dyslexia and those in the comorbid dyslexia/ADHD group. Specifically, children with comorbid dyslexia/ADHD exhibited more impulsive behavior than children with dyslexia alone. Notably, there was a high level of consensus in ratingsof impulsivity between children and their teachers and parents.Keywords:dyslexia, ADHD, impulsivity

Educational institutions record an increase in behavioral disorders in children and adolescents every day, with severe symptoms that result in hospitalization or the imposition of criminal sanctions for juvenile delinquents. Behavioral disorders of children and young people stand out as one of the primary problems of today's society. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed insight into the state of emotional and behavioral disorders, from those that are hidden such as withdrawal, apprehension, fear,anxiety to behavior that children and young people come into conflict with others, even committing acts that are legally recordable as punishable. It has been proven in various studies that early diagnosis and preventive interventions in working with children give the best results. The hypothesis that behavioral disorders and emotional problems among children and young people in primary and secondary schools are present and require the application of appropriate preventive and treatment programs has been confirmed. Through the presentation of modern approaches to the detection, prevention and diagnosis of behavioral problems, this work shows the relationship between biological factors, parental qualities, education, the influence of peers, school and socialnorms, and the way in which they become risky for the development of problematic behavior. Detecting risk factors and stopping the action of risk processes, which have been proven to have a positive correlation with the occurrence of aggressive behavior in children, leads to a decrease in the rate of its occurrence. It has been observed that there are several successful ways of working with children that result in a reduction in the rate of behavioral disorders, even in provoking situations. Communication and problem-solving skills training can successfully reduce inappropriate child behaviors. Teaching social-emotional skills, in addition to reducing behavioral disorders, also results in higher self-esteem and more positive attitudes in children.Schoolshave a need for continuous implementation of science-based prevention programs that include interventions aimed at children and work with parents Keywords: Behavioral disorders, interventions, children, adolescents, parents, prevention programs

The 2020 earthquakes that hit the Croatian capital city Zagreb and Petrinja revealed the (un)preparedness of the country once exposed to strong earthquake motion. Three years after, numerous buildings out of 25,000 that have been heavily damaged and destroyed still have not been reconstructed. The effect of the earthquake was felt as well in the bordering cities and towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH). Seismic assessment of the existing buildings in BIH is done by individual researchers and there is no defined methodology not policy for such activities. This paper aims to present the work that has been done in this field up to now and to give guidelines for the further work that needs to be conducted. The starting point was the calculation of the earthquake risk for the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the rapid assessment taking into account the vulnerability of buildings, seismic hazard, and population exposure. A more detailed assessment was conducted for the three largest cities in BIH, specifically Sarajevo, Banja Luka, and Tuzla. Typical residential masonry structures were identified, and detailed calculations were conducted, leading to the need for their strengthening. To have a more detailed picture much work has to be conducted.