This paper presents one practical method for the corrosion protection of armature tower foundations at overhead lines – the cathodic protection concept. The paper presents possible mechanisms of steel corrosion in concrete, as well as a discussion of the application of two dominant concepts: impressed current cathodic protection system and the system with galvanic anodes. The first system has the better performance and it is proposed as very efficient protection. In practice, for ensuring a significant saving in the supply of electrical energy from the distribution network, the application of solar energy system as support for impressed current cathodic protection system has been proposed. Also, real applications are been discussed with a presentation to satisfy need criterions and standards for each component of this system.

In order to have a robotic system able to effectively learn by imitation and not merely reproduce the movements of a human teacher, the system should have the capability to deeply understand the perceived actions to be imitated. This paper deals with the development of a cognitive architecture for learning by imitation in which a rich conceptual representation of the observed actions is built. The purpose of the following discussion is to show how the same conceptual representation can be used both in a bottom-up approach, in order to learn sequences of actions by imitation learning paradigm, and in a top-down approach, in order to anchor the symbolical representations to the perceptual activities of the robotic system. Experiments concerned with the problem of teaching a humanoid robotic system simple manipulative tasks are reported.

We have previously shown that T cells utilize an evolutionarily conserved network of polarity proteins to orchestrate cell shape and polarity, and that these proteins are required for migration and immunological synapse formation in T cells (1). We describe here in vitro evidence using the OT-1 model system that T cells utilize this polarity network to conduct a physiological process not previously ascribed to lymphocytes, that of asymmetric cell division. We demonstrate that naive T cells remain attached to antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells pulsed with ovalbumin peptide) throughout cell division, and utilize this attachment to orient their axis of cell division. By maintaining the asymmetry originally associated with immunological synapse formation, the daughters of the T cell division inherit different molecular characteristics, which provide the capacity to dictate different subsequent fates. A network of PDZ-containing proteins regulates T cell polarity and morphology in motility and immunological synapse formation

CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed human cell surface protein that acts as a receptor for complements for various pathogens including the measles virus. We demonstrated that ligation of the immunoregulatory cell surface receptor, CD46, altered T cell polarity and impaired activation and effector function in response to TCR or NK cell receptor signalling. However the molecular mechanisms by which T cell function is inhibited are not known. We have previously shown that CD46 binds to the polarity protein, Discs large (Dlg), and that this interaction is important for the polarized localization of CD46. Specifically, CD46 localizes to the uropod of T cells, and to the distal pole of T cells undergoing antigen presentation. Polarization of CD46 is partially reduced by mutation of the Dlg-binding site, and is also partially reduced by mutation of the Cysteine residue in the transmembrane domain that is palmitoylated to allow association of CD46 with lipid rafts. However, comparison of CD46 mutants suggests that other determinants are also important in CD46 polarization. We hypothesize that the ERM proteins interacts with CD46, regulates its polarization in T cells, and perhaps play a role in CD46 signal transduction. To assess this we have generated mutations in the ERM-binding consensus sequences of CD46 and expressed these mutants in a uropod-containing T cell line for functional characterization. These studies will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD46 exerts its immunoregulatory effects.