This is an immunohistochemical study of the local cellular immune response characteristic in inflammatory-regenerative and dysplastic flat colonic mucosa. The aim of this study is to determine a possible existence of the mononuclear cellular infiltration specificity which could be important for the prognosis in further development of dysplastic lesion. Biopsy specimens from 170 patients (specimens stained by hematoxylin eosin) were examined. 74 specimens showed inflammatory-regenerative changes and 96 had dysplastic changes (38 with mild dys-plasia, 28 with moderate dysplasia and 30 with severe dysplasia). Three monoclonal antibodies were used for the identification of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory cellular infiltration in the lamina propria of colonic mucosa. The inflammatory cells type and their location in respect of the epithelial cells and lesion itself were analysed and their number was determined by the semi-quantitative method. T lymphocytes were the dominant cells of local immune response in dysplastic lesions while macrophages were less present and B lymphocytes, as rare cells, were present in sporadic cases. It is notified that increase in the extent of dysplasia was followed by increase in the number of macrophages and T lymphocytes in particular. Immediate contact between macrophages and T lymphocytes in epithelial dysplasia was found in a small number of cases and was mostly independent from the intensity of dysplasia. Signs of the direct lytical effect of the mononuclear ceils on dysplastic epithelial cells were not observed in this contact. It seems that epithelial dysplasia does not provoke more significant local immune response which is the most probably a part of the chronic non-specific inflammation that has a negative influence on further development of the lesion. The conclusion is that local immune response in the dysplastic alteration of flat colonic mucosa has no importance in further prognosis of the lesion.
It can be shown that for potentials of a general parabolic type classical and quantum theory give identical results if only one assumption is made: that in classical theory the uncertainty principle is one of its basic postulates. The identity is extended to more general potentials in this paper, and on the example of scattering on a step potential this is explicitly shown.
Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport across the colon may occur by nonionic diffusion and/or via apical membrane SCFA-/HCO3- exchange. To examine the relative importance of these processes, stripped segments of rat (Ratus ratus) proximal and distal colon were studied in Ussing chambers, and the unidirectional fluxes of radiolabeled SCFA butyrate, propionate, or weakly metabolized isobutyrate were measured. In N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) or 1 or 5 mM HCO3- Ringer, decreases in mucosal pH stimulated mucosal-to-serosal flux (Jm-->s) of all SCFA, decreases in serosal pH stimulated serosal-to-mucosal flux (Js-->m), and bilateral pH decreases stimulated both fluxes equally. These effects were observed whether the SCFA was present on one or both sides of the tissue, in both proximal and distal colon, in the absence of luminal Na+, and in the presence of either luminal or serosal ouabain. Changes in intracellular pH or intracellular [HCO3-] did not account for the effects of extracellular pH. Luminal Cl- removal, to evaluate the role of apical membrane Cl-/SCFA- exchange, had no effect on Jm-->s but decreased Js-->m 32% at pH 6.5 and 22% at 7.2. Increasing SCFA concentration from 1 to 100 mM, at pH 6.4 or 7.4, caused a linear increase in Jm-->s. We conclude that SCFA are mainly transported across the rat colon by nonionic diffusion.
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