This paper analyzes the global and European green bond markets from different perspectives. The paper uses data on green bond issues on the global and European green bond market, in the period from 2013 to 2023. Research results show that the issuance of green and other sustainability-related revenue use bonds has increased in recent years. Europe remains the largest issuance region, accounting for more than half of global issuance. Green bond issuance globally and in Europe has experienced a tumultuous couple of years after reaching record highs of USD 575 billion and USD 326 billion in 2021, respectively. In 2023, Europe's green bond issuance recovered 11% year on year to USD 341 billion. It slightly outperformed the global markets, which recorded 10% growth to reach USD 581 billion. In line with 2022, the corporate sector fueled 2023 green volume, contributing 57% of issuance. Corporate issuers in Europe are mostly dominated by the energy, utilities, automotive, transport, and building sectors, all of which have hystorically been dependent on fossil fuels. Analysis of the capital markets in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) indicates that the green bond market exists, and it started in 2023 when the first issue of green bonds was announced by a commercial bank on the local capital market (Banja Luka Stock Exchange). The key barriers to the development of the green bond market are the lack of appropriate institutional arrangements for green bond management, the issue of minimum size, and the high transaction costs associated with issuing green bonds.

This study investigates the role that demographic factors (country of origin, age, gender, and education) play in green purchase intentions (GPIs) among consumers in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It is based on primary, quantitative, cross-sectional data collected using the questionnaire. The final sample included 680 consumers from the three countries. Hypotheses are tested using the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results of the study show that age, gender, and education are not significant differentiators in GPI, while partial support was found regarding the role of country of origin. The study points out the relevance of GPIs and indicates the theoretical and practical implications. It enriches the scarce literature on green consumer behavior in the Middle East region and presents future research suggestions for its further development.                                                         

<p style="text-align: justify;">Pressure vessels that are exposed to high stresses, due to unfavorable working conditions during exploitation, must be properly designed, taking into account all calculation factors, in order to be safe during their expected lifetime. Checking the condition of the vessel, or analyzing the load of the vessel in working and test conditions, is mandatory. In recent times, numerical analysis represents one of the most important methods of analyzing the stress states of all structural elements, including pressure vessels. It enables precise determination of the location of the greatest stresses and deformations. In this paper, a stress analysis of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel type VS 110 with a spiral for heating and cooling, with a volume of 3750 liters and a working pressure of 3 bars, which is used for the preparation of medicines in the pharmaceutical<br />industry, was performed. The calculation of the vessel was made according to the EN 13445 standard and regulations on pressure vessels. Then a numerical stress analysis was performed in the Autodesk Inventor 2023 software package. The results of the numerical analysis show that the highest stresses occur in the torispherical parts of the vessel end. Furthermore, the cylindrical nozzles on the shell as well as on the torispherical ends act as a reinforcement of the vessel because there is a stress reduction in their vicinity.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">An overview of previous research provides a fundamental understanding of the current state of the process of cutting styrofoam on a CNC cutter, identifying gaps and the need for further research. Identification of important parameters, such as wire cutting speed, density of the styrofoam and current intensity, provide the basis for planning the experiment. The research methodology is described in detail, including the selection of<br />factors, levels, and design of experiment (Box-Behnken design). The analysis of the data obtained by the experiment is focused on the output sizes 𝑦𝑦1 (external measure) and 𝑦𝑦2 (internal measure), with an emphasis on statistical analysis using Minitab and Microsoft Excel software. Through a comprehensive review, the paper aims to contribute to the understanding and optimization of the process of cutting styrofoam on a CNC cutter,<br />providing insights into the influence of parameters on the quality of cutting.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this paper is to perform a dynamic analysis of a large industrial mixer used for mixing liquids inside a vertical tank. The analysis is performed numerically using software tools SolidWorks and Ansys for finite element method analysis. A comparative analysis of results obtained from both software platforms is presented. Although there are discrepancies in the results due to software differences, the overall results are satisfactory. The largest discrepancy was noticed in the maximum equivalent stress on<br />the tank roof. The structure exhibits elastic behavior under oscillating loading, keeping its integrity. While deficiencies in 3D modeling affect stress distribution, natural frequencies in software coincide with analytical calculations. Following loading, the structure settles as expected, indicating well-established dynamic analysis. Despite challenges in stress<br />localization, the study confirms the validity of the conducted analysis, considering the complexity of the structure.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The research focuses on the efficiency of sound barriers in protecting against traffic-induced noise, with a specific focus on the example of barrier construction along the "A" highway in Sarajevo. The study aims to analyze the results of measuring daily and nightly noise levels at five different locations along the route, using standard methods and tools for noise measurement. The methodology involved constructing walls made of steel supporting columns and transparent panels of varying heights, and conducting control measurements of daily and nightly noise levels. The research results indicate that sound barriers are effective in reducing noise in the vicinity of roadways, especially during the daytime. However, nighttime noise values were slightly higher than the maximum allowable values, indicating the need for additional measures to control noise during nighttime hours. The importance of proper planning, construction, and maintenance of sound barriers is emphasized to ensure a better living environment for urban residents and reduce irritation caused by traffic noise.</span></p>

INTRODUCTION Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affects impoverished communities throughout the world. In Pakistan CL is an endemic disease. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the incidence of CL infection in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan from January 2020 to March 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY A total of 1047 clinically suspected cases of CL from Bolan Medical College Hospital, Quetta, were followed up in the study. The data regarding the epidemiological characterstics, pathological information, and treatment of patients was collected. RESULTS Out of 1047 probable cases of CL, 594 (56.73%) cases were found to be positive for CL. Females had the highest infection rate, with the majority of reported cases being in the 0-9-year age group. Most CL cases were reported in April in the year 2020, with a few cases reported in June. But in the year 2021, the highest number of cases were reported in December. The number of overall cases has gradually increased in the year 2022, most likely because of the reduction in COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The p value for the positive as compared to suspected cases in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 was calculated as 0.8925, 0.8763, and 0.8535 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Further epidemiological studies and health education campaigns are recommended to increase public awareness. It is strongly advised that local, provincial, and national health authorities establish and maintain effective leishmaniasis surveillance systems to promptly identify disease outbreaks and implement timely control measures.

Crna topola (Populus nigra L.) je jedna od najznačajnijih europskih vrsta drveća koja nastanjuje aluvijalna staništa uz obale velikih rijeka. U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji značajan neiskorišten zemljišni potencijal pogodan za reintrodukciju autohtonih crnih topola, kao i podizanje intenzivnih i ekstenzivnih nasada hibridnih i američkih crnih topola. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je utvrditi početak i završetak fenoloških faza listanja, kao i zimsko zadržavanje lista, što će pomoći pri selekciji pogodnih klonova autohtonih crnih topola za reintrodukciju na određenom lokalitetu i za određene mikroklimatske uvjete u svrhu očuvanja autohtonog genofonda, te klonova hibridnih topola za osnivanje plantaža u Bosni i Hercegovini. Istaživan je materijal 161 klona autohtonih crnih topola iz 26 populacija iz slivova 6 rijeka, te 11 klonova proizvodnih hibridnih topola (euro-američke ili kanadske) i američkih crnih topola. Klonovi se nalaze u klonskom arhivu u Žepču, koji je podignut 2006. godine. Promatrana je fenologija listanja i to od 14.3.- 22.4.2019. godine i to u šest fenoloških faza 0 - uspavani pupoljak, 1 – napukli pup, 2 – probijanje pupa, 3 – pup otvoren, listovi skupljeni, 4 – listovi se razdvajaju, 5 – listovi potpuno razvijeni). Zadržavanje lista praćeno je od 30.8.-4.11.2019. godine i ocjenjivano u tri kategorije: 1 - prisutni svi listovi na stablu, 2 - 50% listova je preostalo na stablu, 3 – nema preostalih listova na stablu. Efektivna duljina vegetacijske sezone definirana je kao vrijeme između pojavljivanja faze pucanja pupova (ocjena 3) i ocjena opadanja lišća 2 (tj. kada je 50% lišća ostalo na stablu). Analiza varijance pokazala je statistički značajne razlike između klonova iz različitih populacija za duljinu trajanja fenoloških faza listanja. Fenološka faza 1 (napukli pupovi) najranije se javila 14.3. a faza 5 (potpuno otvoreni listovi) najranije 8.4. Rezultati zadržavanja listova pokazuju da su 4.11. svi klonovi u klonskom arhivu odbacili list 100%. Najkraću efektivnu duljinu vegetacijskog perioda imali su klonovi populacije Bugojno (154 dana), a najdužu klonovi Populus boleana i Populus nigra var. italica te klonovi populacija Čapljina (sliv rijeke Neretve); Dobrinje, Visoko, Babina rijeka, Maglaj, Doboj (sliv rijeke Bosne); Kopači i Tegare (sliv rijeke Drine). Rezultati istraživanja su značajni za odabir klonova sa boljom prilagodbom na uvjete staništa, te obnovu i uporabu klonskog reprodukcijskog materijala crnih topola u Bosni i Hercegovini.

<p>Steel 17-7PH is austenitic-martensitic steel with high strength, hardness, and resistance to creep, and<br />corrosion. It is designed for aerospace components, but can also be used for other applications that require<br />high strength and corrosion resistance, as well as leaf springs for operation at temperatures up to 316 &deg;C. It<br />can be used in a solution-treated or heat-treated state to obtain a wide range of property values. This<br />paperwork shows that modification of the contents of alloying elements with a narrower interval of Cr, Ni,<br />and Al can be obtained from austenitic-martensitic steel 17-7PH which by, a subsequent heat treatment,<br />can have values of mechanical and chemical properties required for components of an automotive engine.<br />Chromium is an alphagenic alloying element that stabilizes the ferrite region, nickel is a gammagenic<br />alloying element that stabilizes austenite and gives these steels good strength and toughness, even at low<br />temperatures and aluminum increases corrosion resistance in low-carbon corrosion-resistant steels<br />Research has determined the most suitable interval of Cr, Ni, and Al, which in combination with the<br />cryogenic heat treatment RH950 at -50 &deg;C gives the mechanical and chemical properties that meet the<br />requirements for steel with standard chemical composition.</p>

<p>Modern steel production cannot be imagined without manganese, because almost all steels contain<br />manganese.<br />In this paper, we present the impact of manganese on the tensile strength values of high-carbon steel.<br />This paper presents an improvement in the quality of wire rolling with control of manganese content in<br />steel and the value of C-equivalent, in industrial conditions, which is of particular importance in the<br />production of this quality of steel.<br />For the presented quality of rolled wire made of high-carbon steel, it is possible to control the C-equivalent<br />in high-carbon steel to achieve values for tensile strength in exceptionally narrow tolerances of 1000 &plusmn; 30<br />MPa.</p>

U razdoblju dvije godine (2019, 2020) proučavane su fizikalne i kemijske osobine ploda dvije sorte trešnje (Isabella i Prima Giant) cijepljene na podlozi Saint Lucie 64 u agroekološkim uvjetima submediteranske Hercegovine na tri različita tipa tla na lokalitetima: Blagaj, Konjusi i Aladinići. Istraživanja su obuhvaćala analizu mase ploda i koštice, dužinu peteljke, dimenzije ploda, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i ukupnih šećera. Rezultati su pokazali da je sorta Prima Giant u 2020. godini imala najveću prosječnu vrijednost za sve promatrane fizikalne parametre ploda (masu ploda i koštice, dužinu peteljke, širinu ploda). Sorta Isabella je u 2019. godini imala najveću prosječnu masu koštice i dužinu peteljke, dok su plodovi sorte Prima Giant imali najveću prosječnu masu, dužinu, širinu i debljinu ploda. Na osnovu dobivenih vrijednosti, sorta Prima Giant je pokazala bolje rezultate fizikalnih osobina ploda u odnosu na sortu Isabella. Sorta Isabella je imala najveću prosječnu vrijednost ukupnih šećera i kiselina.

<p>This study investigated the mechanical properties of a series of Fe-Cr-Mn (Mo)-N alloys. The chromium<br />content ranged from 16 to 18 mass%. The test alloys were produced by adding nitrided ferroalloys during<br />melting in an induction furnace. Test specimens of each alloy were prepared for mechanical testing and<br />microstructural observation. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation (EL) were determined. By increasing or<br />decreasing the content of the chromium, it can directly affected on the values of the mechanical properties<br />and the final microstructure. A series of experiments showed that increasing the chromium content by<br />1.46 mass% in the Fe-16Cr-8Mn (Mo)-N alloy led to a decrease in the TS value by 12% and in the EL value by<br />16.1%, while increasing the chromium content by 0.72 mass% in the Fe-16Cr-11Mn (Mo)-N alloy caused a<br />decrease in the TS value by 6.1% and in the EL value by 16%. The chromium content of 16 mass % in the<br />studied alloys was found to provide sufficient strength and a relatively high elongation value. The alloys<br />can also contain a higher mass fraction of chromium, but to obtain a complete austenitic structure it is<br />necessary to increase the content of manganese and nitrogen.</p>

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global economy and public health, disrupting various aspects of daily life. Apart from its direct effects on physical health, it has also significantly affected the overall quality of life and mental health. This study employed a path analysis to explore the complex association among multiple factors associated with quality of life, anxiety, and depression in the general population of the Republic of Srpska during the pandemic’s second year. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 1382) of the general population (adults aged 20+) during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Assessment tools included the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress, along with the Brief COPE scale, Quality of Life Scale (QOLS), and Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Sociodemographic factors and comorbidities were also assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the direct and indirect links of various characteristics to quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Results: This study revealed a considerable prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (27.5% and 20.9%, respectively), with quality of life playing a significant mediating role. The constructed path model accounted for 33.1% of moderate to severe depression and 79.5% of anxiety. Negative coping was directly linked to anxiety and indirectly to depression via anxiety, while the absence of positive coping had both direct and indirect paths (through quality of life) on depression. Among variables that directly affected depression, anxiety had the highest effect. However, the bidirectional paths between anxiety and depression were also suggested by the model. Conclusions: Pandemic response strategies should be modified to effectively reduce the adverse effects on public mental health. Further research is necessary to assess the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health and to analyze the contributing factors of anxiety and depression in the post-COVID period.