We have performed ab initio density functional calculations of thin Ag films on the Pd(111) surface. We have calculated the structural properties and the electronic bands of the Ag/Pd systems. There is a band gap in the electronic density of states around the centre of the two-dimensional Brillouin zone of the Pd(111) surface, which makes possible the formation of localised states in the adsorbed silver films. We find that quantum well states may form at binding energies around 4 eV.
ATO is a novel anticancer agent whose unique multifaceted mechanisms of action offer a scientific rationale for investigation in different hematologic malignancies. 2 phase II studies of ATO in advanced, heavily treated MM reported ≥25% decrease(40–50% of treated pts) in serum M-protein concentrations. Data from both studies suggest that long term therapy might result in enhanced quality of responses. It has been shown that ATO sensitizes myeloma cells to Dex in-vitro and AA potentiates the effect of ATO on different myeloma and human cell lines. We therefore initiated a phase II trial combining ATO with Dex & AA. MM pts with active, progressive disease who failed 50% reduction of the m-protein following cycle 1 of therapy;2CR,1NCR,5PR,10SD & 3PD. None of the pts but 1 showed further improvement in the m-protein after the1st cycle of therapy. Mean duration of therapy was 1.9 years. TAD results in an over all response rate of 45% & 85% SD or better with a mean survival of 18.3 months. Further expansion of the study to confirm this data is warranted, and utilizing the complementary mechanism of action of other immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide with this regimen is ongoing.
Electron-atom scattering in a strong laser field is analyzed using the strong-field approximation and modeling elastic scattering of electrons by atoms with a realistic analytical potential derived from an independent-particle model. The results that include both direct scattering and scattering with a repeated scattering (rescattering) are presented. In the latter case, in the intermediate step of the process, the electron can absorb the energy from the laser field and additional plateau structures appear. The features of these plateaus and their cutoffs are analyzed for various incident electron energies and scattering angles, for different laser intensities, and for various atomic gases. The boundaries of these plateaus are compared with classical estimates.
Using siRNA-mediated gene silencing in cultured adipocytes, we have dissected the insulin-signalling pathway leading to translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. RNAi (RNA interference)-based depletion of components in the putative TC10 pathway (CAP, CrkII and c-Cbl plus Cbl-b) or the phospholipase Cgamma pathway failed to diminish insulin signalling to GLUT4. Within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, loss of the 5'-phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase SHIP2 was also without effect, whereas depletion of the 3'-phosphatase PTEN significantly enhanced insulin action. Downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and PDK1, silencing the genes encoding the protein kinases Akt1/PKBalpha, or CISK(SGK3) or protein kinases Clambda/zeta had little or no effect, but loss of Akt2/PKBbeta significantly attenuated GLUT4 regulation by insulin. These results show that Akt2/PKBbeta is the key downstream intermediate within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway linked to insulin action on GLUT4 in cultured adipocytes, whereas PTEN is a potent negative regulator of this pathway.
A physical model is presented to understand and calculate trapping force exerted on a dielectric micro-particle under focused evanescent wave illumination. This model is based on our recent vectorial diffraction model by a high numerical aperture objective operating under the total internal condition. As a result, trapping force in a focused evanescent spot generated by both plane wave (TEM00) and doughnut beam (TEM*01) illumination is calculated, showing an agreement with the measured results. It is also revealed by this model that unlike optical trapping in the far-field region, optical axial trapping force in an evanescent focal spot increases linearly with the size of a trapped particle. This prediction shows that it is possible to overcome the force of gravity to lift a polystyrene particle of up to 800 nm in radius with a laser beam of power 10 microW.
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