Red mud, a by-product of alumina production from bauxite, and tionite, a residue from titanium dioxide manufacturing from ilmenite, represent two large-scale industrial wastes with significant environmental impact and underutilized resource potential. Both residues contain high concentrations of iron and titanium-bearing phases, yet their stability and complex mineralogy hinder direct valorization. In this work, a carbothermal reduction strategy was applied to simultaneously address the removal of iron and the structural modification of titanium phase. Calcium oxide was introduced as a fluxing agent, not only to enhance reduction kinetics but also to promote the formation of calcium titanate, thereby destabilizing the rutile-rich tionite structure. The primary objective was the selective reduction and separation of iron, while preparing a CaO-modified titanium-bearing slag suitable for subsequent leaching. This approach highlights a dual benefit: mitigating the environmental burden of industrial residues and providing a pathway toward resource recovery of iron and titanium.

This paper emphasizes different aspects of the activity of Serbian choral societies in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period since the foundation of the first Lower Tuzla Serbian Church Choir in March 1886 until the beginning of the First World War. The aim of the paper is to comprehensively and systematically present the available data. It was made on the basis of archival material and previous research by scholars from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The activities of the choral societies are presented chronologically, pointing out the choirmasters active in this period, the repertoire of the societies, the most important performances, anthems and flags.

The primary objective of this paper is to identify factors that have a statistically significant impact on the exposure of banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina to interest rate risk and its effect on business profitability indicators. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of interest rate risk on the performance of banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2014 and 2024. The least squares panel regression model predicts the return on assets and the return on equity of banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a function of interest rate risk, which is indexed by the ratio of loans to assets, the average lending ratio, and the risk of interest rate diversification. Empirical findings in the paper revealed that the independent variable, average lending ratio as a measure of interest rate risk based on the method of least squares, has a significantly positive influence on the first and second dependent variables, that is, ROA and ROE, with a significance of less than 5%. The correlation between the risk of interest diversification and the first indicator of profitability (ROA) is positive with a significance of less than 5%, while the correlation between the risk of diversification of interest and the second indicator (ROE) is positive but with a significance of more than 5%. On the other hand, a negative correlation was recorded between the loan-to-assets ratio and the ROA indicator, with a significance greater than 5%. Also, a positive correlation was achieved between the loan-to-assets ratio and the ROA indicator with a probability greater than 5%.

This study aims to identify the impact of macroeconomic and market variables on the Bosnian and Herzegovinian stock market. Two stock market indices on the capital market of Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered: the SASX-30 and BIRS. At the same time, macroeconomic and market variables include turnover (TRN), market capitalization (MC), exports (EXP), imports (IMP), gross domestic product (GDP), consumer price index (CPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI). The study adopts panel regression analysis for the period from 2013 to 2022. The results of the panel regression analysis showed that export and import values have the strongest influence on the movement of returns for the SASX-30 and BIRS stock market indices in the capital market of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the other hand, the variables achieved the lowest significance: turnover, market capitalization, foreign direct investments, and consumer price index.

Aware of the negative impact that agricultural production has on the environment, especially on the soil, alternative systems of agricultural production have been developed. It combines traditional knowledge characteristic of conservation agriculture and organic agriculture, but also modern technologies important for urban and precision agriculture, in order to manage the land in the best possible way. The biggest consequences of conventional agricultural production on the soil are: decrease in the content of organic matter, deterioration of the structure, soil compaction and contamination, salinization, alkalization, acidification. The aim of the paper is to present different concepts (forms) of agricultural production systems that can contribute to the preservation of soil and the environment, some of them, Urban Agriculture and Precision Agriculture. What they all have in common is that they are in line with the objectives of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Contemporary domestic and foreign literature was used in the research, which deals with the issue of sustainable land management primarily from an agronomic point of view, but also considers the economic, social and ecological importance. The results show that when deciding which system of plant production is the most acceptable for a certain area, several factors must be taken into account, such as: production characteristics of the soil, reef, ecological conditions, intensity and type of plant production, economic strength of the farm, even the educational structure of the holder of the farm and the mentality of the population in the rural environment. Farmers willingness to switch from convectional production to systems that will improve soil properties is conditioned by their recognition that they will realize financial benefits. The speed of recognition will depend on the institutional measures taken through education, financial support for the transition to some of the mentioned systems and appropriate legal regulations that will support all of the above.

The textile industry is the second most environmentally polluting industry in the world after the petroleum industry. Approximately 25% of global chemicals are used in textile production, around 10% of the world's CO2 emissions are generated by the textile industry, and it consumes more water than any other industry. Annually, about 92 million tons of textile waste are produced, with only an estimated 10-30% of the waste being recycled. Textile waste can be reused or recycled using various methods for thermal insulation materials. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare recycled thermal insulation materials with conventional thermal insulation materials based on economic and environmental criteria. By using the DEXi software tool, a multicriteria analysis was conducted between recycled textile and conventional thermal insulation materials based on economic and environmental criteria. In terms of economic and environmental criteria, conventional thermal insulation materials have an advantage over thermal insulation materials made from recycled textiles. In conclusion, the decision on which option is better depends on the specific requirements of the project. If sustainability is a key priority, based on all available information, thermal insulation made from recycled textiles is the better choice. However, if priorities are focused on heat insulation, moisture resistance, and durability, EPS is currently the better option. According to the planned scenario, there is a possibility that the efficiency of both thermal insulation materials can be balanced through additional research and improvement.

Objective. An important domain of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, in addition to the usual domains, is the assessment of nutritional status. The aim of this paper is to present the development of a new instrument/tool for the assessment of nutritional risk in the elderly. Methods. An international team of experts constructed and validated a new instrument/tool for nutritional risk assessment in older adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nutrition risk assessment in older adults in primary care - NRA). Results. The nutritional risk screening and assessment tool is comprehensive, has acceptable validity and internal consistency, and contains a total of 14 questions. The scoring of each question as well as the final score of the tool is designed in detail, and the maximum number of points is 21. The tool has three categories, and a lower score indicates a nutritional risk. An eight-step approach was used to determine the most appropriate items for nutritional risk screening and malnutrition assessment: correspondence analysis, summary item generation, content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, and reliability. A kappa coefficient of 0.918 (p<0.001) indicates excellent intra-rater reliability. The Alpha coefficient (0.721) was significant. The time required to complete the assessment ranged from 15 to 22 minutes. Conclusion. Application of this new tool is desirable and feasible in other countries with linguistic validation, and the new NRA tool is available in Serbian and English.

Since rainwater extracts toxic metals from landfills, creating harmful leachate, developing methods to remove these metals is necessary. This work presents a method of toxic metal ions removal from a loam-type soil consisting of washing the soil with a mild washing agent to extract toxic metals in a leachate, and a purification of the leachate by filtering it through a synthesized graphene oxide (GO) membrane. As washing agents, the pure water and a mild solution of HCl (0.01 M) were tested. The GO membrane was synthesized using natural Madagascar graphite. The solution of HCl showed a significantly higher washing efficiency of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) cations than pure water due to its acidic nature. An intrinsic GO membrane with an interlayer distance of 0.68- 0.74 nm (before and after filtration) and a thickness of ~0.70 ?m yielded rejections of 99.80%, 96.15%, and 44.00% for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that ions are retained in the GO interfaces due to the narrow interlayer distance, leading to membrane fouling. Nevertheless, the high rejections of Pb(II) and Cd(II) support the possibility of purifying landfill soil leachate by the GO membrane