Computer assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) is a recent concept inorthopedics. Its use in orthopedic trauma is becoming more popular.Pelvic and acetabular trauma is one of the applications where CAOScan play an important role to facilitate the surgery. In this review article,we provide an overview of the structure of CAOS with specialemphasis on its role in pelvic and acetabular trauma. Th e use of CAOShas many advantages in the fi eld of orthopedic trauma, however, manyobstacles are still present that prevent its wide use.

Discontinuity of dental visits due to the presence of dental fear and anxiety is one of the largest problems in modern dentistry. The present study investigated the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety and factors for their emergence in children. The sample included 120 patients divided into three age groups of 40 patients (age 8, 12 and 15 years), who visited the Clinic/Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sarajevo University. The prevalence of dental fear and anxiety was determined using Dental subscale of the children’s fear survey schedule (CFSS-DS). The prevalence of factors for dental fear and anxiety emergence was also assessed. In the study sample, there were 14 (11.7%) patients with the presence of dental fear and anxiety. Study subjects generally experienced factors for dental fear and anxiety emergence as stressful regardless of age and sex, emphasizing pain experienced during dental treatment. Direct exposure to harmful factors was found to have a very important role in dental fear and anxiety emergence in our patients. Results also showed the higher the level of fear in parents to be followed by the higher level of fear in their children.

O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar as notificacoes de receitas (nr), com prescricao de metilfenidato, em tres lojas de uma rede de farmacias do municipio de londrina, parana. A amostra caracterizada foi composta por 335 notificacoes de receitas retidas pelos estabelecimentos entre os meses de janeiro e julho do ano de 2010. Dentre as tres apresentacoes disponiveis no mercado, o medicamento ritalina® foi o mais prevalente, aparecendo em 82,7% das nr, assim como os pacientes do sexo masculino (76,7%) e as nr provenientes do setor privado (82,7%). Quanto a especialidade medica do prescritor e o periodo de retencao da prescricao, destacam-se respectivamente, a neurologia pediatrica (66,9%) e o mes de abril (20,6%). Foram consideras ilegiveis, 13,7% da amostra, e a presenca da denominacao comum brasileira apareceu em apenas 33,7% das nr. A dose diaria definida quanto ao sexo dos pacientes resultou em uma maior media para o sexo masculino (23,3 mg), e comparada a origem da nr, obteve-se a maior media para o setor privado (23,5 mg). A partir dos resultados encontrados, destaca-se que aspectos como a legibilidade e presenca da denominacao comum brasileira deveriam ser revistos pelos prescritores com o intuito de favorecer o preenchimento adequado das nr, promovendo assim, o uso racional de medicamentos. 10.5216/ref.v8i3.15801

Objective – The research was undertaken to analyze the dietary habits and lifestyle of adolescents from Trogir, Croatia, and to determine the proportion of overweight subjects according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards.  Subjects and Methods – This pilot study was undertaken in 2009 on a sample of 497 adolescents aged 14-19 years, 322 of whom were girls (79%). The subjects filled out an anonymous questionnaire about their lifestyle and dietary habits and they were measured anthropometrically. The cut off value for overweight was defined according to IOTF standards and is equivalent to Body Mass Index (BMI) equal or higher than 25 kg/m2 in adults.  Results – We detected gender differences in terms of lifestyle and dietary habits. Breakfast is equally often skipped by both boys and girls, but girls significantly often skip also lunch (p=0.050) and dinner (p<0.001). Boys consumed low-quality diet significantly more often than girls. While half of the population consumed olive oil daily, it can be said for less than 30% of girls and 40% of boys eat fresh fruit (p=0.018). Number of boys and girls who smoke did not differ significantly but twice as much boys than girls consumed alcohol (48% vs. 24%, p<0.001). On the other hand, boys were more often involved in out-of-school sports (p<0.001). In this population, 22.8% of boys and 9% of girls had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 for their age and sex.  Conclusion – This study results indicate the presence unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits of the adolescents from Trogir, especially boys. Therefore, we will focus on planning the programme to elevate awareness regarding the importance and effect of healthy adolescents` lifestyle on decreased morbidity and mortality risk in the adulthood.

Brain tumors are unique and heterogeneous group of tumors which face a variety of specialty, most oncologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. Due to its specific location, all brain tumors are malignant, regardless of their malignant potential, because any expansion process inside the skull, increasing intracranial pressure and the destruction of surrounding structures, which may cause neurological injuries, quantitative disturbances of consciousness or death.

Motion control systems represent a main subsystem for majority of processing systems that can be found in the industrial sector. These systems are concerned with the actuation of all devices in the manufacturing process such as machines, robots, conveyor systems and pick and place mechanisms such that they satisfy certain motion requirements, e.g., the pre specified reference trajectories are followed along with delivering the proper force or torque to the point of interest at which the process occurs. In general, the aim of force/torque control is to impose the desired force on the environment even if the environment has dynamical motion.