Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti kvalitetu i sastav eteričnog ulja pet uzoraka kamilice od kojih je jedan uzorak bio uzorak ekološki uzgojene kamilice dok su ostali uzorci bili iz konvencionalnog uzgoja s područja Virovitičko-podravske županije. Uzorci kamilice uzeti su od rane i kasne žetve tijekom mjeseca svibnja 2022. godine. Za fizikalno-kemijske analize korištene su sušene cvjetne glavice kamilice. Određivao se apigenin-7-glukozid na HPLC-u i sastav eteričnog ulja koristeći GC-MS. Sadržaj apigenin-7-glukozida kretao se od 0,49% do 0,85%. U eteričnom ulju identificiran je ukupno 71 spoj. Glavni spojevi eteričnog ulja bili su (E,E)-α-farnezen u rasponu od 28,6% do 10,8%, bisabolol oksid B u rasponu od 28,1% do 11,7% i (E)-β-farnezen u rasponu od 14,4% do 10,9%. Osim toga, detektirani su i brojni drugi spojevi koji doprinose bogatom kemijskom profilu ovog eteričnog ulja i koji su važan pokazatelj kvalitete i vrijednosti same sirovine.

In recent years, notable advancements have been made in medical imaging technology, with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assuming a pivotal role in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Despite these advancements, medical image segmentation continues to pose a formidable challenge, as highlighted by various factors documented in existing literature. This study delves into the cutting-edge developments in Deep Learning for semantic segmentation, specifically concentrating on the precise identification of brain tumor pixels in 2D images. Employing U-Net and DeepLabV3+architectures, the research provides experimental evidence that underscores the unparalleled performance of DeepLabV3+with the Binary Cross Entropy loss function, offering valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of brain tumor segmentation in medical imaging.

This paper presents a robust exploration of the capabilities of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in harnessing labeled data to produce high-quality labels for unlabeled samples. By leveraging conditional information, our approach guides the network to generate contextually relevant labels for specific time series data, accelerating the labeling process. A comprehensive evaluation of our model's performance, incorporating diverse metrics, visual representations, and his-tograms, illuminates the effectiveness of conditional GANs for the Assistive Label Generation (ALG) of time series Arabidopsis thaliana images. The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) high-lights an average similarity of 98.89 % between the generated and manually labeled images. This innovative methodology holds the promise of significantly reducing labeling efforts.

The precise detection of plant centres is important for growth monitoring, enabling the continuous tracking of plant development to discern the influence of diverse factors. It holds significance for automated systems like robotic harvesting, facilitating machines in locating and engaging with plants. In this paper, we explore the YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once) real-time neural network detector for plant centre detection. Our dataset, comprising over 12,000 images from 151 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, is used to fine-tune the model. Evaluation of the dataset reveals the model's proficiency in centre detection across various accessions, boasting an mAP of 99.79% at a 50 % IoU threshold. The model demonstrates real-time processing capabilities, achieving a frame rate of approximately 50 FPS. This outcome underscores its rapid and efficient analysis of video or image data, showcasing practical utility in time-sensitive applications.

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this investigation is to systematically scrutinize extant surgical studies delineating Four-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (4L ACDF), with a specific emphasis on elucidating reported surgical indications, clinical and radiological outcomes, fusion rates, lordosis correction, and the spectrum of complication rates. Methods The literature review was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, employing the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus databases. This analysis encompasses studies implementing the 4L ACDF procedure, with detailed extraction of pertinent data pertaining to surgical methodologies, types of employed interbody cages, clinical and radiological endpoints, rates of fusion, and the incidence of complications. Results Among the 15 studies satisfying inclusion criteria, a marginal increment in the year 2022 (21.4%) was discerned, with a preponderance of study representation emanating from China (35.7%) and the United States (28.6%). 50% of the studies were single-surgeon studies. Concerning follow-up, studies exhibited variability, with 42.9% concentrating on periods of five years or less, and an equivalent proportion extending beyond this timeframe. Across the amalgamated cohort of 2457 patients, males constituted 51.6%, manifesting a mean age range of 52.2–61.3 years. Indications for surgery included radiculopathy (26.9%) and myelopathy (46.9%), with a predilection for involvement at C3–7 (24.9%). Meta-analysis yielded an overall complication rate of 16.258% (CI 95%: 14.823%–17.772%). Dysphagia (4.563%), haematoma (1.525%), hoarseness (0.205%), C5 palsy (0.176%) were the most prevalent complications of 4L ACDF. Fusion rates ranging from 41.3% to 94% were documented. Conclusion The 4L ACDF is commonly performed to address mylopathy and radiculopathy. While the surgery carries a complication rate of around 16%, its effectiveness in achieving bone fusion can vary considerably.

This study aimed to assess the impact of the war in Ukraine on the mental health of individuals who had previously experienced the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 649 respondents aged 35 and above, who were either directly recruited or indirectly affected as civilians during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, participated in this cross-sectional survey. The World Health Organization's Impact Event Scale (IES) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) were used to measure the impact of war events in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ukraine on the respondents and to assess their mental health, respectively. The findings demonstrate a significant association between war events in Ukraine and the reactivation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in individuals previously exposed to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results highlight the significant influence of the war in Ukraine on the reactivation of PTSD symptoms in individuals with prior exposure to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, considering the various risk factors associated with PTSD reactivation, this study provides insights into the broader impact of war activities, including factors beyond the specific conflict in Ukraine.

Aim: To examine whether there is a correlation between blood pressure, heart rate, and pain with the level of preoperative and postoperative anxiety in surgery of impacted third molars under local anesthesia. Subjects and Methods: In the study, which included adult patients of both sexes with an indication for surgical extraction of impacted third molars, research parameters were measured as follows: 1st measurement (day of examination) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, preoperative anxiety with STAI; 3rd measurement (day after intervention) - blood pressure, heart rate, postoperative anxiety with STAI, postoperative pain with visual analog scale. Results: The values of preoperative and postoperative anxiety and the measured parameters of blood pressure, heart rate, and postoperative pain were statistically significantly positively correlated with each other during all measurements. Conclusion: In order to increase the satisfaction of both the patient and the ordinarius, and to prevent possible complications in this type of oral surgical intervention, it would be useful to consider adequate therapy in order to prevent the development of anxiety, considering the confirmed correlation with the measured parameters.

Abstract: Veterinary practice commonly involves caring for domestic and companion animal. Since the trend of owning exotic pets is rapidly increasing, veterinarians often treat exotic patients as well. As a result, veterinarians are facing increased demands for specialized skills and knowledge. This article aims to provide a concise review of the anatomy of the vascular system in exotic animals and its relevance in clinical practice. Snakes, lizards and chelonians have 3-chambered heart with 2 atria and one partially divided ventricle whereas crocodiles have 4-chambered heart. It is important to consider these characteristics during the anesthesia in reptiles since blood shunting affects changes in blood pressure, oxygen level and other anesthetic parameters. In birds, the cardiovascular system is crucial in enduring the exhausting physical activities such as swimming, flying or diving and running. Birds have renal portal system which consists of cranial and caudal renal portal vein. The recommendation of avoiding drug application in the hindlimbs of birds is present for a long time. This is valid not only for birds, but for reptiles, amphibians and most fish. The ventricle of amphibians is trabeculated, which minimizes blood shunting through various anatomical and physiological features. During biphasic systole, the left and right side of the ventricle contract separately, directing blood in different parts of aortic arches. Due to the complexity of the exotic animals, thorough education added in veterinary curricula is needed. Keywords: amphibians, birds, cardiovascular, clinical, reptiles

Abstract: Tobacco-free nicotine pouches, first introduced in Sweden, are made as a less hazardous product for cigarette consumers. Instead of tobacco leaves, they consist of nicotine-containing powder and other ingredients such as water, salts, natural aromatic oils and others, that will boost the flavor and effect and make it last longer. This research aimed to investigate the extraction efficiency of nicotine from poaches of different brands. The effects of alcohol and sugars present in saliva at different pHs and consumption times were investigated as well. We optimized a High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection method (HPLC-DAD) for nicotine determination and its quantification. We used reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), and a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetonitrile as a mobile phase (85:15, v/v). Different brands of nicotine pouches were used. Nicotine extraction rate showed positive linear dependence on time. The percentage of extraction was measured at different intervals, up to two hours, without getting a plateau. Nicotine extraction lowers with the increasing volume of saliva. The obtained results have shown that the increasing ethanol concentration in saliva (from 5-40 %) leads to a higher extraction rate, coming up to 85 %. In the case of sugar addition, the results were variable. Experiments with White fox pouches have shown that extraction of nicotine decreases with a higher concentration. On contrary, Siberia pouches do not exhibit that correlation. When it comes to pH, we used pH range that usually varies in saliva and the results have shown no significant differences. Keywords: Nicotine, Pouches, HPLC-DAD, Extraction

The selection of the optimal equipment for discontinuous haulage systems is one of the most important decisions that need to be made when an open-pit mine is designed. There are a number of influencing factors, including natural (geological and environmental), technical, economic, and social. Some of them can be expressed numerically, in certain units of measure, while others are descriptive and can be stated by linguistic variables depending on the circumstances of the project. These factors are characterized by a high level of uncertainty, associated with both exploration and mining operations. The experience, knowledge, and expert judgment of engineers and specialists are of key importance for the management of mining processes, consistent with the issues stemming from the dynamic expansion of open-pit mines in space over time. This paper proposes an integrated model that translates all the criteria that affect the selection of the optimal solution into linguistic variables. By employing the multiple-criteria decision-making method and combining it with fuzzy logic, we developed an algorithm that addresses all the above-mentioned uncertainties inherent in various mining processes where the experience of experts forms the basis. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used in order to deal with trending decision problems, such as mining equipment and management system selection. The entire algorithm was applied to a real case study—the Ugljevik East 1 open-pit mine.

Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C–H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet–triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.

Abstract Objective: Finding a reliable preoperative predictor of complicated acute appendicitis (AA) has been a challenging diagnostic problem. The present study aimed to identify potential factors that may predict complicated AA in the pediatric emergency department (ED) based on routine, widely available laboratory tests on admission to the ED, including plasma sodium concentration. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data of pediatric patients with AA who underwent emergency surgery at our department between January 2020 and December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: histopathologically proven complicated AA (n = 80) and noncomplicated AA (n = 155). Results: Complicated AA was associated with reduced plasma sodium and chloride concentrations (p < 0.001, both), decreased values of lymphocytes (p = 0.002), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), and elevated values of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). In binomial logistic regression, increased levels of CRP and WBC and decreased levels of sodium were predictors of complicated AA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.764, 0.886). Conclusion: We identified mild hyponatremia and elevated CRP and WBC values as potential markers for distinguishing complicated from uncomplicated pediatric AA with implications for surgical approaches for treating complicated AA and conservative approaches for treating uncomplicated AA. Highlights of the Study Finding reliable preoperative predictors of complicated acute appendicitis (AA) has been a challenging diagnostic problem in emergency departments worldwide. We identified mild hyponatremia and elevated levels of C-reactive protein and white blood cells as potential markers for distinguishing between complicated and uncomplicated pediatric AA. Our study may have implications for surgical approaches in complicated disease and conservative approaches in uncomplicated disease. Routine blood tests can help emergency physicians discriminate between complicated and uncomplicated AA.