The no‐reflow phenomenon is a potential contributor to poor outcome despite successful thrombectomy. There are multiple proposed imaging‐based definitions of no‐reflow leading to wide variations in reported prevalence. We investigated the agreement between existing imaging definitions and compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients identified as having no‐reflow.

Cooperative connected automated mobility depends on sensing and wireless communication functions. With increasing carrier frequency both functions can be realized with the same hardware, however, the attenuation of radio signals increases quadratically with the carrier frequency. Hence, link setup becomes challenging in vehicular scenarios due to the required beam finding process. In this paper we investigate the multipath components of the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) radio channel in three frequency bands with center frequencies of 3.2 GHz, 34.3 GHz and 62.35 GHz using measurement data with 155.5 MHz bandwidth and a sounding repetition rate of $31.25 \mu \mathrm{~s}$. The channel impulse responses are collected simultaneously at all three carrier frequencies. Using the high temporal sampling rate we apply the CLEAN algorithm, enabling the estimation of the weight, delay and Doppler frequency of multipath components. By analyzing the collinearity of the Doppler normalized scattering function between the frequency bands we found that the collinearity between the 3.2 GHz and 34.3 GHz band as well as between the 3.2 GHz and 62.35 GHz is smaller in the non-line of sight (NLOS) region but increases for the line-of-sight (LOS).

Abstract The variability of phenolic compounds among grape varieties has an important role in selecting winemaking techniques, but the use of phenolic profiles for quality control is still fragmented and incomplete. Given the recent climate change and global warming, biochemical characterisation of secondary metabolites in autochthonous grape varieties is a very important factor for their preservation and sustainable agriculture. Two autochthonous grape varieties from the western Herzegovina region in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been selected for the research targeting at the evaluation of their phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and the correlation with oxidoreductase enzymes polyphenol oxidase and Class III peroxidase, in different berry tissues. The obtained results indicate a similar qualitative profile of phenolic compounds in exocarp and mesocarp in both varieties, but their concentrations and antioxidant activity vary significantly. The correlation between phenolic compounds and oxidoreductase enzyme activities in different grape berry tissues is discussed in this article. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Neurological impairment disorders in fetuses, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder, can arise from numerous factors impacting the development of the fetal nervous system. Although diagnosing these disorders early is difficult, it is essential for prompt intervention. Recent progress in deep learning and ultrasound technology offers the potential to create a tool for early detection. Development of the TRUEAID system is based on combining the meticulously tuned Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) with a sophisticated convolutional neural network for construction of an AI empowered ultrasound module capable of automated diagnostic decision support in the field of fetal neurodevelopmental risk assessment. The model's performance was evaluated using accuracy metrics, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Mathesson Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The custom CNN architecture achieved an overall accuracy of 93.83%. This pilot study lays the foundation for AI-based fetal neurobehavioral assessment, providing a promising tool for the early detection of fetal neurological impairment disorders. The research holds implications for improving outcomes for affected children and making advanced diagnostic capabilities accessible in diverse healthcare settings.

In this study, we develop an in silico model of a neuron’s behaviour under demyelination caused by a cytokine storm to investigate the effects of viral infections in the brain. We use a comprehensive model to measure how cytokine-induced demyelination affects the propagation of action potential (AP) signals within a neuron. We analysed the effects of neuron-neuron communications by applying information and communication theory at different levels of demyelination. Our simulations demonstrate that virus-induced degeneration can play a role in the signal power and spiking rate, which compromise the propagation and processing of information between neurons. We propose a transfer function to model the weakening effects on the AP. Our results show that demyelination induced by a cytokine storm not only degrades the signal but also impairs its propagation within the axon. Our proposed in silico model can analyse virus-induced neurodegeneration and enhance our understanding of virus-induced demyelination.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been spreading through Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean after its introduction in Georgia in 2007 and, due to its particularly high mortality rate, poses a continuous threat to the pig industry. The golden standard to trace back the ASFV is whole genome sequencing, but it is a cost and time-intensive methodology. A more efficient way of tracing the virus is to amplify only specific genomic regions relevant for genotyping. This is mainly accomplished by amplifying single amplicons by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. To reduce costs and processivity time, we evaluated a multiplex PCR based on the four primer sets routinely used for ASFV genotyping (B646L, E183L, B602L, and intergenic I73R-I329L), which was followed by Nanopore ligation-based amplicon sequencing. We show that with this protocol, we can genotype ASFV DNA originating from different biological matrices and correctly classify multiple genotypes and strains using a single PCR reaction. Further optimization of this method can be accomplished by adding or swapping the primer sets used for amplification based on the needs of a specific country or region, making it a versatile tool that can speed up the processing time and lower the costs of genotyping during ASFV outbreaks.

Background Pharmacological treatment options for patients with dementia owing to Alzheimer's disease are limited to symptomatic therapy. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the monoclonal antibody lecanemab for the treatment of amyloid-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer´s dementia. European approval is expected in 2024. Data on the applicability and eligibility for treatment with anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies outside of a study population are lacking. Aims This study examined eligibility criteria for lecanemab in a real-world memory clinic population between 1 January 2022 and 31 July 2023. Method We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study applying the clinical trial eligibility criteria for lecanemab to out-patients of a specialised psychiatric memory clinic. Eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment was assessed following the phase 3 inclusion and exclusion criteria and the published recommendations for lecanemab. Results The study population consisted of 587 out-patients. Two-thirds were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (probable or possible Alzheimer's disease dementia in 43.6% of cases, n = 256) or MCI (23%, n = 135), and 33.4% (n = 196) were diagnosed with dementia or neurocognitive disorder owing to another aetiology. Applying all lecanemab eligibility criteria, 11 (4.3%) patients with dementia and two (1.5%) patients with MCI would have been eligible for treatment with this compound, whereas 13 dementia (5.1%) and 14 (10.4%) MCI patients met clinical inclusion criteria, but had no available amyloid status. Conclusions Even in a memory clinic with a good infrastructure and sufficient facilities for dementia diagnostics, most patients do not meet the eligibility criteria for treatment with lecanemab.

The Sustainable Development Goals are far off track. The convergence of global threats such as climate change, conflict and the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic—among others—call for better data and research evidence that can account for the complex interactions between these threats. In the time of polycrisis, global and national-level data and research evidence must address complexity. Viewed through the lens of ‘systemic risk’, there is a need for data and research evidence that is sufficiently representative of the multiple interdependencies of global threats. Instead, current global published literature seems to be dominated by correlational, descriptive studies that are unable to account for complex interactions. The literature is geographically limited and rarely from countries facing severe polycrisis threats. As a result, country guidance fails to treat these threats interdependently. Applied systems thinking can offer more diverse research methods that are able to generate complex evidence. This is achievable through more participatory processes that will assist stakeholders in defining system boundaries and behaviours. Additionally, applied systems thinking can draw on known methods for hypothesising, modelling, visualising and testing complex system properties over time. Application is much needed for generating evidence at the global level and within national-level policy processes and structures.

Objective To evaluate the systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stratified by systemic inflammatory status. Methods Seropositive patients with RA (n=58) were divided into two groups based on serum hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels: RA patients with hs-CRP levels of at or 3 mg/L or above (high systemic inflammatory status; n=38) and RA patients with hs-CRP levels of less than 3 mg/L (low systemic inflammatory status; n=20). The control group comprised 31 healthy individuals. Blood samples were tested for the next parameters: leukocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes [platelet (PLT)], high-sensitivity hs-CRP, sed rate [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). The SII index was derived as Neu x PLT/Lym. Results In patients with RA, the SII index was elevated compared with that of healthy individuals and positively correlated with hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, NLR, MLR, PLR, tender joint count, and swollen-to-tender joint count ratio. Patients with RA who had hs-CRP levels of 3 mg/L above exhibited a statistically significant increase in the SII compared with those with hs-CRP levels below 3 mg/L. Additionally, within the cohort of RA patients with hs-CRP levels at or above 3 mg/L, a positive correlation was found between the SII index and both NLR and PLR. The SII index was positively correlated with NLR, MLR, and PLR in RA patients with hs-CRP levels below 3 mg/L. The cut-off point of the SII index for distinguishing between RA cases with hs-CRP levels 3 mg/L and those with hs-CRP levels 3 mg/L or higher was ≥323.4, with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 54.8%. Conclusions The serum SII index can be a potentially useful marker for evaluating the inflammatory process and clinical progression of RA.

Background Introduction: Vitamin D plays significant role in calcium metabolism and in bone and vascular calcifications. Objective: To investigate the association between vitamin D level, arterial hypertension, arterial stiffness and coronary calcifications detected by MSCT. Method: A 2 female case report comparative to each other investigated the correlation between vitamin D serum level, blood pressure, arterial stiffness and severity of the coronary calcification using MSCT diagnostic tool estimating the calcium score. Results: The first case report showed that decreased level of vitamin D is correlated with increased blood pressure, increased arterial stiffness and with a severe coronary calcifications. The second case report showed normal blood pressure, normal vascular age and low calcium score in a no-defficient vitamin D female. Conclusion: Vitamin D has impact on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, coronary calcifications and coronary heart disease. The lower vitamin D, the higher arterial blood pressure, arterial stiffness and coronary calcium score.