Humans' predictions of another person's behaviour are regularly influenced by what they themselves might know or want. In a previous study, we found that male Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) could cater for their female partner's current desire when sharing food with her. Here, we tested the extent to which the males' decisions are influenced by their own current desire. When the males' and female's desires matched, males correctly shared the food that was desired by both. When the female's desire differed from their own, the males' decisions were not entirely driven by their own desires, suggesting that males also took the female's desire into account. Thus, the male jays' decisions about their mates' desires are partially biased by their own desire and might be based upon similar processes as those found in humans.

The prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions that cause complex and highly variable neuropsychiatric syndromes, often with remarkably rapid progression. Prominent behavioral and psychiatric symptoms have been recognized since these diseases were first described. While research on such symptoms in common dementias has led to major changes in the way these symptoms are managed, evidence to guide the care of patients with prion disease is scarce. The authors review the published research and draw on more than 10 years' experience at the U.K. National Prion Clinic, including two large prospective clinical research studies in which more than 300 patients with prion disease have been followed up from diagnosis to death, with detailed observational data gathered on symptomatology and symptomatic treatments. The authors group behavioral and psychiatric symptoms into psychotic features, agitated features, and mood disorder and describe their natural history, showing that they spontaneously improve or resolve in many patients and are short-lived in many others because of rapid progression of global neurological disability. Diagnostic category, disease severity, age, gender, and genetic variation are or may be predictive factors. The authors review the observational data on pharmacological treatment of these symptoms in the U.K. clinical studies and make cautious recommendations for clinical practice. While nonpharmacological measures should be the first-line interventions for these symptoms, the authors conclude that there is a role for judicious use of pharmacological agents in some patients: antipsychotics for severe psychosis or agitation; benzodiazepines, particularly in the late stages of disease; and antidepressants for mood disorder.

This study presents new insights on the provenance, genesis, and post-depositional history of the Miocene pyroclastic tuffaceous layers (~18 and ~15 Ma) preserved in argillaceous sediments and interbedded within the lacustrine sedimentary succession of the Sinj Basin in central Dalmatia (Dinaride Lake System, Croatia). Analysed tuffs are classified as smectitic tuffs composed of three main lithotypes: (a) vitriclastic tuffs, (b) altered vitriclastic tuff, and (c) tuffaceous clays. The high field strength element (HFSE) contents of the tuffs, as well as the major- element chemistry of the vitric glass, suggests that parental magmas were high-K calc-alkaline trachyandesites. This is consistent with the distinctive heavy-mineral assemblages including clinopyroxene, zircon and apatite, identified in less evolved parental magmas, and biotite in more evolved ones. The regional geological data imply the placement of the parent volcano(es) outside the Dinaric Alps region, most probably in an area corresponding to the present-day southern margin of the Pannonian Basin where volcanic rock suites of analogous age and geochemistry are reported. Minor compaction and high permeability of coarse ash-sized pyroclastic material allowed for extensive in situ diagenetic clay mineral formation dominated by smectite. Following discrete smectite formation, the illite-smectite mixed-layering took place as a result of mica/illite alteration or surface illitization processes. On the basis of the very-low grade alteration of volcanic materials, it is suggested that diagenesis operated in an open hydrologic system of a lacustrine environment.

As robots move into everyday environments, we need to understand both the social and the technical constraints and affordances for human-robot interaction. We use in situ evaluation of partially functioning prototypes to inform the design of robotic technologies that fit their intended contexts of use and illustrate this method through a case study of iteratively designing a desktop robot for break management in a computerized office. After an initial exploratory study of the office as context of use, we used comparative semi-controlled evaluations of multiple design alternatives to explore how different robot characteristics, specifically embodiment and social interactivity, are perceived by users and affect their break taking. We found evaluating simple prototypes with varying levels of functionality, even when not robust or "complete," provides opportunities for including users in the design process and for identifying emergent factors that impact robot use. Our case study provides insights into the challenges and best practices for performing iterative prototyping and in situ evaluations of robots, which can inform future development of contextually appropriate robotic technologies.

Band structure engineering for specific electronic or optical properties is essential for the further development of many important technologies including thermoelectrics, optoelectronics, and microelectronics. In this work, we report orbital interaction as a powerful tool to finetune the band structure and the transport properties of charge carriers in bulk crystalline semiconductors. The proposed mechanism of orbital interaction on band structure is demonstrated for IV-VI thermoelectric semiconductors. For IV-VI materials, we find that the convergence of multiple carrier pockets not only displays a strong correlation with the s-p and spin-orbit coupling but also coincides with the enhancement of power factor. Our results suggest a useful path to engineer the band structure and an enticing solid-solution design principle to enhance thermoelectric performance.

This paper presents the results of the primary research regarding management relations towards accounting information that is used in the business decision making process applied in manufacturing companies of the Tuzla Canton (here on: “TC”). The research commences from the fact that the interaction between accounting function organization quality and business decision making is important, because it has direct effect on applied practice when managing operating performances of a company. Taking into consideration management relations towards accounting information in the decision making process, dysfunctional areas within accounting function organization segments are identified. This opens up possibilities to affect modernization of the performance management through the process of redesign of those dysfunctional areas. According to our knowledge, similar research has not been conducted on the area of B&H manufacturing companies' operations.