Wind-induced particulate matter (PM) resuspension is an increasingly recognized contributor to urban air pollution. A CFD model of 2D street canyon geometry was developed that can replicate the process of resuspension. Model created the wind speed vs concentration increase due to resuspension relationship and its key properties: threshold wind speed causing resuspension (TWSR) and concentration increase. At least 8.75 m/s in 10 m height inlet wind speed before street canyons was needed to start the resuspension, leading to PM10 concentrations often exceeding 1 μg/m³, with peak values reaching as high as 3 μg/m³. The model can predict the behavior of resuspension well, but it cannot capture all the factors acting in the real environment to match precisely the air quality data. Silt load remains the greatest unknown factor in determining the overall magnitude of resuspension, with observed increases in PM10 concentrations up to 6 μg/m³ in air quality data.

Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of BI-RADS category 3 findings in ultrasound examinations in relation to the total number of patients, the frequency of malignant lesions, and their average size at the time of detection in BI-RADS 3 ultrasound findings. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on 335 patients (aged 40-75 years) classified in BI-RADS category 3, at the Tuzla Breast Center, University Clinical Center, in the period from March 2017 to November 2020. A total of 13,760 ultrasound examinations were performed, using a Toshiba Xario 100 ultrasound machine with a 12 MHz linear probe. Patients were divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, excluding patients with symptoms and those with previous breast cancer surgery. The images were stored using the Institution’s Pictures Activation and Communication System. Results. BI-RADS category 3 findings accounted for 27% of all ultrasound examinations (N=3.715). Of these, 9.02% (N=335) underwent recommended short-term follow-up. Malignancy was identified in 1.49% of these cases (N=5), with an average tumor size of 13.6 mm at detection. The malignancy rate did not differ significantly between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients (P=0.412). The overall diagnostic yield for malignancy in BI-RADS 3 findings was low, but clinically significant. Conclusion. While the malignancy rate for BI-RADS category 3 findings is low (1.49%), careful monitoring and adherence to follow-up guideline are essential to balance early detection with avoidance of unnecessary biopsies and associated costs.

Modern electric power systems have an increasingly complex structure due to rise in power demand and integration of diverse energy sources. Monitoring these large-scale systems, which relies on efficient state estimation, represents a challenging computational task and requires efficient simulation tools for power system steady-state analyses. Motivated by this observation, we propose JuliaGrid, an open-source framework written in the Julia programming language, designed for high performance execution across multiple platforms. The framework implements observability analysis, weighted least-squares and least-absolute value estimators, bad data analysis, and various algorithms related to phasor measurements. To complete power system analysis, the framework includes power flow and optimal power flow, enabling measurement generation for the state estimation routines. Leveraging computationally efficient algorithms, JuliaGrid solves large-scale systems across all methods, offering competitive performance compared to other open-source tools. It is specifically designed for quasi-steady-state analysis, with automatic detection and reuse of computed data to boost performance. These capabilities are validated on systems with 10000, 20000 and 70000 buses.

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a surge in cases of acute cholecystitis. The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported a higher incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Through this secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W study data, we aim to identify significant risk factors for mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of COVID-19 infection in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.” The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported data from 2546 patients collected at 218 centers from 42 countries admitted with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Sixty-four of them died. Nonparametric statistical univariate analysis was performed to compare patients who died and patients who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a logistic regression model to define factors predicting mortality. The significant independent factors that predicted death in the logistic regression model with were COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and type (open/laparoscopic) of surgical intervention (p = 0.003). The odds of death increased 5 times with the COVID-19 infection, 6 times in the presence of complications, and it was reduced by 86% with adequate source control. Survivors predominantly underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (52.3% vs. 23.4%). COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the cornerstone of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients. Study Objective: Investigated the factors predicting mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cohort Size: Analyzed 2,546 patients from 218 centers in 42 countries between October 2020 and October 2021. Key Findings: COVID-19 infection increased mortality risk by five times in patients with acute cholecystitis. Postoperative complications elevated the odds of death sixfold. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduced mortality by 86%. Surgical Impact: Survivors were more likely to have undergone urgent laparoscopic surgery, suggesting it as a safer intervention during the pandemic. Clinical Relevance: COVID-19 was confirmed as an independent predictor of death, highlighting the need for urgent intervention in stable patients with acute cholecystitis. Study Objective: Investigated the factors predicting mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cohort Size: Analyzed 2,546 patients from 218 centers in 42 countries between October 2020 and October 2021. Key Findings: COVID-19 infection increased mortality risk by five times in patients with acute cholecystitis. Postoperative complications elevated the odds of death sixfold. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduced mortality by 86%. Surgical Impact: Survivors were more likely to have undergone urgent laparoscopic surgery, suggesting it as a safer intervention during the pandemic. Clinical Relevance: COVID-19 was confirmed as an independent predictor of death, highlighting the need for urgent intervention in stable patients with acute cholecystitis.

The banking sector plays a key role in the economic, social, and political development of a country. The study of the financial performance of banks is essential for investors, creditors, and other interested parties. The aim of this research was to rank the second-tier banks in Albania by financial performance using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model (fuzzy MCDM). For the ranking of banks, eight financial criteria were taken into account during the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 for 11 banks in the Albanian banking sector. Based on the selected indicators, a decision-making model was created. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were used in this research. The results of the FAHP method showed that the most important indicators are Equity and EBT. The results of the TOPSIS method showed that Banka Kombëtare Tregtare (BKT) had the best indicators for the observed years. The contribution of this research is in understanding the financial operations of banks in Albania.

Ticks are important vectors of various microorganisms, including bacteria. In this study, we examined Hyalomma aegyptium ticks collected from 240 spur-thighed tortoises Testudo graeca at 42 localities in the Mediterranean and Middle East and analysed them for the presence of bacteria of the genera Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, and Rickettsia. Altogether, 576 out of 928 analysed ticks (62.1%) were positive for at least one of the tested bacteria. The highest prevalence in individual ticks was found for Borrelia turcica (43.6%), followed by Rickettsia (12.3%) and Anaplasma (6.1%). No sample was positive for Coxiella burnetii. Among Rickettsia, we detected two species, Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and also other unspecified Rickettsia. Anaplasma (100% identity with A. phagocytophilum) was detected at 15 (35%) out of 42 studied localities, any of Rickettsia at 28 (67%), and B. turcica at 32 (76%) localities. The geographic distribution of the studied microorganisms varied, with none of them detected in Syria, and only Rickettsia spp. detected in Morocco. Sequence analysis revealed substantial genetic variability in all detected agents, with the most variable (36 new haplotypes) being glpQ gene used as a marker for B. turcica. We also analysed the prevalence of various co-infections among studied ticks, with the mean number of co-infected ticks per tortoise increased with the number of ticks per tortoise. However, the frequencies of co-infected ticks do not indicate the presence of antagonistic or synergistic facilitative interactions between the agents. According to our data, we could expect that the eco-epidemiological importance of H. aegyptium does not stem from their tortoise hosts but rather from the low host specificity of its larvae and nymphs, feeding on a wider spectrum of reptilian, avian, and mammalian hosts.

Purpose Given the substantial challenges and disruptions that companies often encounter from within the organization and the broader market landscape – such as market turbulence, technological advancements and regulatory changes – developing robust organizational resilience and transitioning to digital business practices have become top priorities. This paper aimed to explore if digital human resource management (HRM) significantly influences the organizational resilience within the context of emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach To analyze data collected from HRM experts active in the business sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we utilized in this paper multiple regression analysis. This approach allowed us to explore the relationships and impacts within this specific regional context. Findings The study findings revealed that digital HRM significantly enhances organizational resilience, positively impacting its three key components: the ability to anticipate, the capacity to cope and the capability to adapt. Practical implications This study offers digital HRM strategies for enhancing organizational resilience, guiding HR professionals in using digital tools to boost employee adaptability, streamline crisis communication and improve flexibility and readiness for future disruptions. Originality/value This research adds to the existing literature and ensures practical implication on digital HRM and organizational resilience by empirically demonstrating how digital HRM strengthens organizational capabilities to foresee potential disruptions, respond effectively to crises and adapt to changing circumstances. These capabilities help organizations maintain stability and continue operations smoothly during unexpected events, thereby safeguarding their long-term sustainability and competitive edge.

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles have emerged in the biomedical field as potential theranostic agents due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility. However, their impact on the immune response remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inorganic fullerene-like WS2 (IF-WS2) nanostructures on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The study investigated several parameters to evaluate the effects of IF-WS2 nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis. Internalization of IF-WS2 by PBMCs was analyzed using morphological and flow cytometric techniques. Proliferation was studied in CellTrace Far Red-prestained total PBMCs stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in isolated T cell cultures stimulated with CD3/CD28-coated beads. Additionally, the production of cytokines and chemokines was measured in culture supernatants of total PBMCs and T cells. IF-WS2 nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥25 µg/mL inhibited PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation but did not affect T cell proliferation. Morphological and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated dose- and time-dependent internalization of IF-WS2 by macrophages. Additionally, IF-WS2 significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, and GRO-α) in PHA-stimulated PBMCs. Th1, Th17, and Th21 cytokines were downregulated, while Th2, Th9, and T regulatory cytokines were upregulated. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that pristine IF-WS2 nanoparticles, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, exhibit notable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties on activated PBMCs in vitro.

We present GammaTPC, a transformative 0.1-10 MeV $\gamma$-ray instrument concept featuring a tracker using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) technology with the novel GAMPix high spatial resolution and ultra low power charge readout. These enable an economical instrument with unprecedented effective area and sensitivity. We discuss the design and technology in some detail, including how a LAr TPC can be staged in space. Finally, we present a first study of the sensitivity of the instrument in the Compton regime using a new framework for analyzing Compton telescope data.

This study documented the first evidence of healing and long‐term survival of blackmouth catsharks (Galeus melastomus) following traumatic mandibular fractures and associated soft tissue avulsions that resulted from previous captures on deep‐sea longlines. All sharks were actively feeding, despite acute and healed lesions, which suggests that such severe trauma did not impair feeding. Additionally, one female with a healed lesion and three developed eggcases indicated that reproduction was unaffected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no other alterations in the chondrocranium, splanchnocranium, or broader skeletomuscular system and major viscera. Although the small sample size does not fully represent postrelease survival for the species after capture in longline fisheries, the resilience observed was significant for conservation and fisheries management, which underscores the need for further research.

: The text defines media ecology as an approach to observing the media, not only as communication channels, tools and mediators, but as an environment that greatly influences our perceptions, understanding, evaluation, thinking, feeling, communication, interactions and ultimately, behavior, which under the influence of technologies, constantly adapt and become key generators of social and cultural changes. The text attempted to analyze a possible change in the way of collecting, selecting, interpreting and re/presenting and disseminating media information and content, i.e. the dominant editorial practice and media policy that have the possibility, by intentionally and biased focusing or neglecting certain topics, such as in this case environmental topics, encouraged by interests diametrically opposed to the interests of all humanity, to shape perceptions and public opinion. A change that would be determined by a holistic approach, looking at the overall mediatizing effects of everyday life, culture and society in terms of a new axiological system of values. The results of the analysis show that the sampled, represented, environmental topics in Bosnia and Herzegovina are selective, and the disseminated content is incomplete, marginalized and discontinuous, and in most cases identifies environmental problems without proposing possible solutions. A change in information would imply an active understanding and participation of all actors who participate in the processes of environmental communication, and the theory of media ecology plays a key role in the framework of acknowledging media literacy.

We classify the physical operators of the most general bosonic effective gauge theory up to dimension six using on-shell methods. Based on this classification, we compute the complete one-loop anomalous dimension employing both on-shell unitarity-based and geometric techniques. Our analysis fully accounts for the mixing of operators with different dimensions. The results broadly apply to any Effective Field Theory with arbitrary gauge symmetry and bosonic degrees of freedom. To illustrate their utility, we perform a complete cross-check of results on the renormalization of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), O(n) scalar theory, and the SMEFT extended with an axion-like particle. Additionally, we present new results for axion-like particles with CP-violating interactions.

We classify the physical operators of the most general bosonic effective gauge theory up to dimension six using on-shell methods. Based on this classification, we compute the complete one-loop anomalous dimension employing both on-shell unitarity-based and geometric techniques. Our analysis fully accounts for the mixing of operators with different dimensions. The results broadly apply to any Effective Field Theory with arbitrary gauge symmetry and bosonic degrees of freedom. To illustrate their utility, we perform a complete cross-check of results on the renormalization of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), $O(n)$ scalar theory, and the SMEFT extended with an axion-like particle. Additionally, we present new results for axion-like particles with CP-violating interactions.

BACKGROUND Environmental factors influence children's development. However, their impact on outdoor play among children from international settings remains understudied. This study examined associations between parent perceptions of environmental factors and outdoor play among an international sample of preschool-aged children. METHODS Data were sourced from the pilot phases of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years. Parents completed a questionnaire about their child's outdoor play and environmental factors that influenced their child's participation in outdoor play in the past 3 days. RESULTS 1855 children from 19 countries (16 low- and middle-income countries) were examined. Heat (-25.6; 95% CI, -44.6 to -6.6), cold (-26.9; 95% CI, -45.9 to -8.4), and rain (-24.8; 95% CI, -43.3 to -6.6) were negatively associated with weekday outdoor play. Cold (-41.2; 95% CI, -62.4 to -20.0) and social instability (-40.7; 95% CI, -61.5 to -20.3) were negatively associated with weekend outdoor play. Playing at friend's or relative's homes (29.5 [95% CI, 18.6 to 40.5]; 37.9 [25.6 to 50.4]), greenspaces (23.1 [95% CI, 9.6 to 36.6]; 30.4 [95% CI, 15.1 to 45.8]), and on the street (41.4 [95% CI, 26.9 to 55.7]; 34.9 [95% CI, 18.2 to 51.3]) were associated with weekday and weekend day outdoor play, respectively. Playing on the family's property was also associated with weekend day outdoor play (25.5 [95% CI, 18.2 to 51.3]). CONCLUSIONS The environmental context is important to consider when developing interventions to promote outdoor play in young children across diverse international settings. Future research from representative populations is needed to confirm these findings.

This paper addresses gaps in prior research on empirical validation of Lehman’s laws of software evolution, which often focus on isolated aspects (e.g., defect frequency or architecture) and selected laws, overlooking broader trends and interdependencies. Through a comparative analysis of open-source and closed-source software, this paper introduces the impact of licensing models on software evolution. By examining real-world projects, the study evaluates Lehman’s laws in the context of modern software practices and user needs. This research shows that open-source solutions exhibit adaptability and continuous growth driven by contributor communities, while closed-source solutions prioritize development efforts aligned with business objectives. Adopting an open-source development approach may yield faster initial results but lead to significant technical debt and frequent code deprecation as the product evolves, while a closed-source approach ensures greater stability and consistency over time, though at a slower pace.