Introduction: Estrogen deficiency leads to bone mass loss and increased risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine influence of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.Methods: The total of 100 postmenopausal women living in Sarajevo area, aged 50-65 years, with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history participated in this prospective study. The subjects were divided in two groups, examination and control group, based on bone mineral density values. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis while in the control group were women with osteopenia or normal bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Smoking habits were assessed for each subject.Results: The average number of cigarettes smoked per day in women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history was 14.86 in the examination group and 4.67 in the control group. The difference in the average number of cigarettes smoked per day between the two groups was statistically significant (p <0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the examination group was statistically significant (p<0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the control group was statistically significant ( p<0.05).Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that cigarette smoking has negative impact on bone mineral density and that healthy lifestyle (no smoking) has the potential to reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.

The objective this study is to assess the public opinions on prostitution, STD and AIDS among various groups of population in Paseechareon District, Bangkok. The study was done by interviewing samples randomly selected from 6 different professions: district officers, subdistrict and village headmen, teachers, bank workers, policemen and entertainment businessmen. It was found that the respondents were all well awere of problems of prostitution and its related undesirable consequences  such as the rapaid spread of AIDS and the bad reputation for having a very high number of sex workers in all regions of the country. These problems could be possible controlled by enforcing the Prostitution Act and placing stronger punishment to those who offended the law. However, since it became a norm for men to buy sex services from prostitutes who engaged in the sex business because of such underlyying conditions as poverty and low education, the regular and proper use of condoms would be an effective means to urgently prevent STD and AIDS in Thailand.

Introduction: Clostridium difficile is the cause of the post antibiotic colitis. This anaerobe, sporogenous, gram-positive bacteria is most often recognized as the cause of the nosocomial diarrhea. The aim of this work is to show the impact of the infection Clostridium difficile on the result of rehabilitation of the patients that have been treated in the rehabilitation facility.Methods: 448 patients treated at the Clinic for physical medicine and rehabilitation of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo were included in the study. Gender, age, Barthel index, length of hospitalization, and values of the albumin in the serum were documented. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used for data analysis.Results: There were 57% female and 43% of male patients. The average age was 67.5 years for women and 52 years for men. Barthel index at admission was 4.0 and at discharge raised to 8.0 (p=0.047). The length of the hospitalization for patients without infection was shorter (28.8 days) compared to patients with infection (43 days) (p=0.015). Values of the albumin in the blood at patients with confirmed Clostridium difficile infection were significantly lower than referent values (p = 0.016).Conclusion: Patients with Clostridium difficile infection had longer period of the rehabilitation and the results were less favorable.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to present the incidence of the vascular complications that had to be surgically treated during the two-year period of transfemoral cardiac catheterization procedure and to identify the risk factors associated with the complications.Methods: A retrospective two-year study of post-catheterization complications with the six-month postoperative follow-up and analysis of risk factors was done. Patients with cardiovascular diseases who underwent therapeutic or diagnostic coronary angiography in the period of 2012-2013 were included in the study. A total of 1320 patients were subjected to catheterization for coronary angiography, of which 24 had vascular complications that had to be surgically treated. Indications for operative treatment included rapid growth of pseudoaneurysm, hemorrhage, large hematoma, hemodynamic instability, failure of the targeted compression therapy.Results: Twenty-four patients experienced some kind of post-operative complication. Infection and dehiscence of surgical wound were the two most common complications. There were no fatalities. The average length of a hospitalization was 4 days. The important risk factors are gender (women more than man), obesity, concomitant use of anticoagulation therapy and antiplatelet therapy after catheterization.Conclusion: Insufficient length of the compression of the punctured place and increased risks of a pseudoaneurysm formation, such as female gender, obesity, and use of a combined anticoagulant therapy are the main causes of these complications. Late vascular complications are not uncommon.

Introduction: Whey-acidic protein human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a new promising biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. The measured HE4 values may depend on the testing procedure used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Methods : We evaluated a HE4 method on Elecsys 2010 analyzer. The method for quantitative determination of HE4 is direct, competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. For quality control we use Elecsys PreciControl HE4 1 and 2. HE4 was measure on sera obtained from 56 women ( 20 healthy and 36 with epithelial ovarian cancer). Results: The Roche HE4 assays showed a good linearity (r=0.99) and precision (intrassayed total CV<5%). The median HE4 serum concentrations was significantly higher among EOC patients than healthy females (p<0,05). Elevated levels HE4 were found in 78 % patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusions : The presented results of the analytical evaluation methods for the determination of HE4 on the Elecsys 2010 analyzer showed an acceptable accuracy and precision.

Information is the key asset of all organizations and can exist in many forms. It can be printed or written on paper, stored electronically, transmitted by mail or by electronic means, shown in films, or spoken in conversation. In today's competitive business environment, such information is constantly under threat from many sources, which can be internal, external, accidental, or malicious. Joomla is a very popular Content Management System (CMS) used for web page maintenance. This highly versatile software has found itself in both large corporate web portals, and simple web pages such as blogs. Such popularity increases its vulnerability to potential attacks and therefore needs an appropriate security management. ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) created the series of standards aimed at providing a model for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving an Information Security Management System (ISMS). This paper shows how principles set in ISO/IEC 27000 series of standards can be used to improve security of Joomla based web portals.

In order to decrease the measuring cycle time on the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) a robot workstation for the positioning of measuring objects was created. The application of a simple 5-axis industrial robot enables the positioning of the objects within the working space of CMM and measuring of different surfaces on the same object without human intervention. In this article an upgrade of an existing robot workstation through different design measures is shown. The main goal of this upgrade is to improve the measuring accuracy of the complex robot-CMM system.

Forces generated in the muscles and tendons actuate the movement of the skeleton. Accurate estimation and application of these musculotendon forces in a continuum model is not a trivial matter. Frequently, musculotendon attachments are approximated as point forces; however, accurate estimation of local mechanics requires a more realistic application of musculotendon forces. This paper describes the development of mapped Hill‐type muscle models as boundary conditions for a finite volume model of the hip joint, where the calculated muscle fibres map continuously between attachment sites. The applied muscle forces are calculated using active Hill‐type models, where input electromyography signals are determined from gait analysis. Realistic muscle attachment sites are determined directly from tomography images. The mapped muscle boundary conditions, implemented in a finite volume structural OpenFOAM (ESI‐OpenCFD, Bracknell, UK) solver, are employed to simulate the mid‐stance phase of gait using a patient‐specific natural hip joint, and a comparison is performed with the standard point load muscle approach. It is concluded that physiological joint loading is not accurately represented by simplistic muscle point loading conditions; however, when contact pressures are of sole interest, simplifying assumptions with regard to muscular forces may be valid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Weappliedanewapproachtodeterminethepolepositionsandresiduesfrompionphotoproductionmultipoles. The method is based on a Laurent expansion of the partial-wave T matrices, with a Pietarinen series representing the regular part of energy-dependent and single-energy photoproduction solutions. The method is applied to multipole fits generated by the MAID and George Washington University SAID (GWU-SAID) groups. We show that the number and properties of poles extracted from photoproduction data correspond very well to results from πN elastic data and values cited by the Particle Data Group (PDG). The photoproduction residues provide new information for the electromagnetic current at the pole position, which are independent of background parametrizations, which is not the case for the Breit-Wigner representation. Finally, we present the photodecay amplitudes from the current MAID and SAID solutions at the pole for all four-star nucleon resonances below W = 2 GeV.