Forces generated in the muscles and tendons actuate the movement of the skeleton. Accurate estimation and application of these musculotendon forces in a continuum model is not a trivial matter. Frequently, musculotendon attachments are approximated as point forces; however, accurate estimation of local mechanics requires a more realistic application of musculotendon forces. This paper describes the development of mapped Hill‐type muscle models as boundary conditions for a finite volume model of the hip joint, where the calculated muscle fibres map continuously between attachment sites. The applied muscle forces are calculated using active Hill‐type models, where input electromyography signals are determined from gait analysis. Realistic muscle attachment sites are determined directly from tomography images. The mapped muscle boundary conditions, implemented in a finite volume structural OpenFOAM (ESI‐OpenCFD, Bracknell, UK) solver, are employed to simulate the mid‐stance phase of gait using a patient‐specific natural hip joint, and a comparison is performed with the standard point load muscle approach. It is concluded that physiological joint loading is not accurately represented by simplistic muscle point loading conditions; however, when contact pressures are of sole interest, simplifying assumptions with regard to muscular forces may be valid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Weappliedanewapproachtodeterminethepolepositionsandresiduesfrompionphotoproductionmultipoles. The method is based on a Laurent expansion of the partial-wave T matrices, with a Pietarinen series representing the regular part of energy-dependent and single-energy photoproduction solutions. The method is applied to multipole fits generated by the MAID and George Washington University SAID (GWU-SAID) groups. We show that the number and properties of poles extracted from photoproduction data correspond very well to results from πN elastic data and values cited by the Particle Data Group (PDG). The photoproduction residues provide new information for the electromagnetic current at the pole position, which are independent of background parametrizations, which is not the case for the Breit-Wigner representation. Finally, we present the photodecay amplitudes from the current MAID and SAID solutions at the pole for all four-star nucleon resonances below W = 2 GeV.

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients was recently established as an independent predictor of intrahospital mortality. In this study we postulated that acute IR is a dynamic phenomenon associated with the development of myocardial and microvascular injury and larger final infarct size in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).MethodsIn 104 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI without diabetes, the HOMA index was determined on the 2nd and 7th day after pPCI. Worst-lead residual ST-segment elevation (ST-E) on postprocedural ECG, coronary flow reserve (CFR) determined by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography on the 2nd day after pPCI and fixed perfusion defect on single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) determined six weeks after pPCI were analyzed according to HOMA indices.ResultsIR was present in 55 % and 58 % of patients on day 2 and day 7, respectively. Incomplete post-procedural ST-E resolution was more frequent in patients with IR compared to patients without IR, both on day 2 (p = 0.001) and day 7 (p < 0.001). The HOMA index on day 7 correlated with SPECT-MPI perfusion defect (r = 0.331), whereas both HOMA indices correlated well with CFR (r = -0.331 to -0.386) (p < 0.01 for all). In multivariable backward logistic regression analysis adjusted for significant univariate predictors and potential confounding variables, IR on day 2 was an independent predictor of residual ST-E ≥ 2 mm (OR 11.70, 95% CI 2.46-55.51, p = 0.002) and CFR < 2 (OR = 5.98, 95% CI 1.88-19.03, p = 0.002), whereas IR on day 7 was an independent predictor of SPECT-MPI perfusion defect > 20% (OR 11.37, 95% CI 1.34-96.21, p = 0.026).ConclusionIR assessed by the HOMA index during the acute phase of the first anterior STEMI in patients without diabetes treated by pPCI is independently associated with poorer myocardial reperfusion, impaired coronary microcirculatory function and potentially with larger final infarct size.

Este trabalho objetiva, atraves de pesquisa bibliografica, analisar o uso e as consequencias do alcool e tabaco durante a gestacao. Foram utilizados artigos cientificos publicados entre 2005 e 2011. O alcool e absorvido pela corrente sanguinea, afetando todos os tecidos do corpo. Estudos apontam que 30 ml/dia pode causar o abortamento espontâneo, alteracoes funcionais, anomalias do SNC, deficit de crescimento, prematuridade, deficiencias cardiacas, SAF (sindrome alcoolica fetal), entre outras. O tabaco possui mais de 4.000 substâncias em sua composicao, muitas ainda nao conhecidas, mas prejudiciais ao feto. Estudos apontam que apenas 20% das mulheres gestantes param de fumar durante a gestacao, as primigestas sao as que abandonam o vicio. Embora muitas orientacoes sejam feitas durante as consultas medicas no pre-natal, e de competencia do enfermeiro, atraves de palestras, grupos de gestantes e ate mesmo nas consultas de pre-natal, orientar sobre os maleficios do uso dessas substâncias. Descritores: Alcool, Tabaco, Riscos Gestacionais. The guidance of nursing the pregnant women that make use of alcohol and tobacco Abstract: The goal of this paper is, through bibliographic research; analyze the use and consequences of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy. For this study, we used scientific articles published between 2005 and 2011. The alcohol absorbed into the bloodstream, affects all body tissues. Studies show that 30 ml/day can cause spontaneous abortion, functional alterations, facial abnormalities, CNS anomalies, impaired growth, prematurity, heart failure, AFS, among others. The tobacco has more than 4,000 substances in their composition, many not yet known, but harmful to the fetus. Studies show that only 20% of pregnant women stop smoking during pregnancy, prim gravidae are the ones who abandon the habit. Although many guidelines are made during the visits of prenatal care, it is the competence of nurses, through lectures, pregnancy groups and even in prenatal consultations, guidance about the dangers of these substances. Descriptors: Alcohol, Tobacco, Pregnancy Risks . La orientacion de enfermeria las mujeres embarazadas que hacen uso del alcohol y tabaco Resumen: Este articulo pretende, a traves de la literatura, analizar el uso y consecuencias del alcohol y el tabaco durante el embarazo. Se utilizo articulos cientificos publicados entre 2005 y 2011. El alcohol se absorbe en el torrente sanguineo, afectando todos los tejidos del cuerpo. Los estudios muestran que 30 ml / dia puede causar aborto espontaneo, los cambios funcionales, alteraciones del SNC, retraso del crecimiento, prematuridad, insuficiencia cardiaca, SAF, entre otros. El tabaco tiene mas de 4.000 sustancias en su composicion, muchos aun no se conoce, pero perjudicial para el feto. Los estudios muestran que solo el 20% de las mujeres embarazadas a dejar de fumar durante el embarazo, primigravidas estan abandonando el habito. Aunque las directrices muchos se hacen durante las visitas de atencion prenatal es la competencia de las enfermeras, a traves de conferencias, grupos de orientacion de las mujeres embarazadas e incluso en las consultas previas al parto, sobre los peligros de estas sustancias. Descriptores: Alcohol, Tabaco, Riesgos del Embarazo .

A bstractWe study the LHC phenomenology of flavor changing Yukawa couplings between the top quark, the Higgs boson, and either an up or charm quark. Such tuh or tch couplings arise for instance in models in which the Higgs sector is extended by the existence of additional Higgs bosons or by higher dimensional operators. We emphasize the importance of anomalous single top plus Higgs production in these scenarios, in addition to the more widely studied t → hj decays. By recasting existing CMS searches in multilepton and diphoton plus lepton final states, we show that bounds on ℬ$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$(t → hu) are improved by a factor of 1.5 when single top plus Higgs production is accounted for. We also recast the CMS search for vector boson plus Higgs production into new, competitive constraints on tuh and tch couplings, setting the limits of ℬ$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$(t → hu) < 0.7% and ℬ$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$(t → hc) < 1.2%.We then investigate the sensitivity of future searches in the multilepton channel and in the fully hadronic channel. In multilepton searches, studying the lepton rapidity distributions and charge assignments can be used to discriminate between tuh couplings, for which anomalous single top production is relevant, and tch couplings, for which it is suppressed by the parton distribution function of the charm quark. An analysis of fully hadronic t + h production and t → hj decay can be competitive with the multilepton search at 100 fb−1 of 13 TeV data if jet substructure techniques are employed to reconstruct boosted top quarks and Higgs bosons. To show this we develop a modified version of the HEPTopTagger algorithm, optimized for tagging t → hj decays. Our sensitivity estimates on ℬ$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$(t → hu) (ℬ$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}} $$(t → hc)) at 100 fb−1 of 13 TeV data for multilepton searches, vector boson plus Higgs search and fully hadronic search are 0.22% (0.33%), 0.15% (0.19%) and 0.36% (0.48%), respectively.