Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), once known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Sudeck's dystrophy and causalgia, is a pain syndrome with indistinctive pathophysiology and unpredictable clinical course. CRPS can develop after a limb fracture, injury or damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. The diagnosis of CRPS is based on the signs and symptoms obtained from the medical history and physical examination. The disease is often resistant to treatment, and its course is not always favorable. A brief overview of this clinical entity is presented, and most relevant and up-to-date information is discussed.

BACKGROUND/AIM In prostate tumors, angiogenesis, measured as microvessel density, is associated with tumor stage and Gleason score. The aim of this study was determine neovascularization of prostatic adenocarcinomas in core biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies. METHODS The study population included 61 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate carcinoma patients and did not receive chemohormonal, or radiation therapy before surgery. Tumor blocks were immunostained using the endothelial-specific antibody CD31 and subsequently evaluated at x 400 magnification in both biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies. RESULTS When comparing microvessel density in core biopsies and corresponding prostatectomies, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.1). A statistically significant positive correlation was found when determining correlation between microvessel density (as linear and categorical variable, i.e., with the cut-off value of 48) that was associated with the Gleason score (p < 0.05) and tumor stage (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between microvessel density and preoperative values of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p > 0.1). CONCLUSION Microvessel density can be reliably applied to needle prostate biopsy specimens. Quantification of the microvascular density in biopsies is an accurate pre-operative predictor of tumor stage, discriminating between organ-confined and organ-extending neoplasms.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries of the eye are the most common cause of loss of visual function. In our study we performed Ocula Trauma Score (OTS). We compared with the values of visual acuity of injury and thus get an accurate model for determining the prognostic value of the final visual acuity before treatment of the patient. This model is a reliable test for both the ophthalmologist and the patient. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to show the socioepidemiological and demographic profile, as well as the most common mechanism in ophthalmic injuries, so to determine the final visual acuity and assessment and evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of ocular trauma score (OTS), and most importantly to determine the prognostic value final visual acuity after eye injuries. Material and Method: We conducted a clinical-epidemiological, retrospective-prospective study at the Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Centre University in Sarajevo in the period 2009-2011. A sample of 124 patients with diagnosed closed of eye injuries were recruited. We applied Classifying Closed Globe Injury, performed Calculating the OTS and convert of total raw points into % chance of vision outcomes. Results: Comparison of age groups by gender shows that there is no statistically significant (x2 = 5.155; p = 0.2718). Of the total number of closed eye injuries (N = 124) at the admission from groups D and E with the worst vision were 29 patients (23.38%), in group C had low visual acuity of 20 (16.12%), in group B the mean visual acuity 33 (26.61%), and in group A well-preserved visual acuity 42 (33.87%) patients. On the demission patients with well-preserved visual function was 84 (67.74%), with a medium of visual function 10 (80.64%), while the poorer visual function was 4 (3.225%) and 7 (5.645%) patients had a sense of light and projections and 1 (0.8%) patient had lost visual acuity-amaurosis. 18 (14:51%) patients did not take their eyesight due to a fresh post-operative recovery. Conclusion: Data on each patient are based on the possibility of such characteristics of the mechanism of injuries presentation of vision at the beginning of disease, injury and zones relative afferent pupillary defect possibility assumptions what will be with the vision postoperatively.

Introduction: Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation (AC/A) ratio is constant at one and the same person in the course of life, i.e. the same ratio accommodative convergence monitor any change in accommodation measured in diopters. Such a perfect relationship is possible if there are no refractive anomalies in both eyes and oculomotor imbalance of eye muscles. Material and methods: We are examined 50 patients with close brain injury, and patients which had problems with near vision, accommodation and convergency were reducted, with loss motor fussion, and preserved stereoscopis vision, and showed us, that disturbances are clear motor and folowed with incapable of patient to hold of superposition view to watching object. Results: The difference in average proximity distance vision and reading time with no fatigue after 6 months a statistically significant, the value of t-test, t = 1873 for p <0.01, r = 0. 718. The value of convergent fusion 6 months after treatment in 30% of the patients was from 0 to16 Pd, S. D. = 18. 6, and χ2 = 7. 22. In 18% of the patients was from 0 to 10 Pd, S. D = 17. 61, and χ2 = 5. 41, at 20% of patients 0 to 22 Pd, SD = 14. 18, χ2 = 6. 84, in 16% of patients 0 to 4 Pd, SD = 16. 41, χ2 t-test = 5. 13 and the remaining 16% of patients the value of convergent fusion is about 1 PD, S. D = 15. 01, χ2 t = 5. 18. All patients showed significant improvement in near vision compared to the value of convergent fusion before treatment where χ2 t-test = 9.41, after 6 months of treatment, there is considerable significance p < 0 01, t–test 0. 914, correlation coefficient r = 0. 881. Conclusion: Disturbances of AC / A ratio should be evaluated only with regard to all symptoms and is only possible by proper rating interference in reading.

In this paper we consider the number of dominating sets in cactus chains with triangular and square blocks. We derive and solve the recurrences satisfied by those quantities and investigate their asymptotic behavior. In triangular case we also refine the counting by computing the bivariate generating function. As a corollary, we compute the expected size of a dominating set in a triangular cactus chain of a given length.

Allergy to fish is relatively common in children. In addition to skin manifestations are present and the sensitivity of the intestine, with diarrhea and present the general weakness of the child.

Little is known about the reasons for prescribing adrenalin auto-injectors in Slovenian children. Our objective was to evaluate prescription of adrenaline auto-injectors in children in our department in year 2013 and also to evaluate management of anaphylaxis of those children.