After quite a long period of time, there appeared another scientifically researched book on yet another famous and significant Bosnian-Herzegovinian author. A young Doctor of Philosophy in the fields of philology and linguistics, Marijana Nikolić, published a book titled Bosnian Linguistics Usages in the Literary Language of Skender Kulenović. In her book, the author explains the following traits: Phonology, Phonostylistics, Morphology, Morphostylistics, Word formation, Nomina as a word-formative category, constituent derivatives with transposed meanings, as well as neologisms in the creative works of Bosnian-Herzegovinian author Skender Kulenović. The book also contains a list of Abbreviations, Works cited and Bibliography, Name- and Subject index, and also numerous Tables. The book of 165 pages in total was published by Off-set, in August of 2015 in Tuzla, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Purpose of review Despite the availability of multiple targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) rarely exceeds 10%. Recent insights into the mutational landscape and evolutionary dynamics of ccRCC have offered up a plausible explanation for these outcomes. The purpose of this review is to link the research findings to potential changes in clinical practice. Recent findings Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) dominates the evolutionary landscape in ccRCC at the genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic level. Spatial and temporal separation of tumour subclones within the primary tumour as well as between primary and metastatic sites has been demonstrated at single nucleotide resolution. In the cases analysed to date, approximately two-thirds of somatic mutations are not shared between multiple biopsies from the same primary tumour. Very few of the key disease-driving events are shared across all primary tumour regions (with the exception of VHL and loss of chromosome 3p), whereas the majority are restricted to one or more tumour regions (TP53, SETD2, BAP1, PTEN, mTOR, PIK3CA and KDM5C). Summary ITH must be considered in the management of ccRCC with respect to diagnostic procedures, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and drug development.
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