We investigate the evolution of attosecond to femtosecond screening and emergent potentials that govern the dynamics and energetics of electrons and holes excited in the various stages of multiphoton photoemission processes and control the photoelectron yield in recently reported experiments [X. Cui, C. Wang, A. Argondizzo, S. Garrett-Roe, B. Gumhalter, and H. Petek, Nat. Phys. 10, 505 (2014)]. The study is focused on the dynamical screening of holes created in preexistent quasi-two-dimensional Shockley state bands on Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces and of electrons excited to the intermediate and emerging screened states. Using the formalism of self-consistent electronic response, we analyze first the effects of screening on the dynamics of photoexcited electrons and holes and then of the Coulomb correlated photoexcited pair. Special attention is paid to the correlated primary electron-hole states, which commence as transient surface excitons and develop in the course of screening into uncorrelated electrons and holes propagating in the image potential and surface state bands, respectively. The obtained results enable to establish a consistent picture of transient electron dynamics at Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces that are becoming accessible by the time-, energy-, and momentum-resolved pump-probe multiphoton photoelectron spectroscopies.

Objetivo:identificar os motivos que familiares atribuem a busca por tratamento pelo dependente quimico.Metodo:estudo qualitativo descritivo, desenvolvido em 2012 e 2013, em uma unidade de reabilitacao para dependentes quimicos localizada no Parana. Foram realizadas 19 entrevistas semiestruturadas com familiares de dependentes quimicos em tratamento. Os dados foram analisados a luz do Modelo Transteorico de Mudanca Comportamental e organizados em categorias tematicas de acordo com a Interpretacao Qualitativa de Dados.Resultados:a busca por tratamento pelos dependentes quimicos ocorreu: no estagio de pre-contemplacao por influencias externas; no estagio de contemplacao pela ambivalencia quanto a necessidade de mudanca comportamental; no estagio de acao por conscientizacao da dependencia quimica e de necessidade de ajuda profissional; e no estagio de manutencao pela nao conservacao das mudancas comportamentais.Conclusao:e imprescindivel a avaliacao dos estagios motivacionais no inicio do tratamento para a ampliacao das possibilidades de sucesso no processo de reabilitacao.

Intr Heart rate variability has been recognized as a parameter that partly describes autonomic nervous system modulation of cardiovascular system.Analysis of heart rate variability has been proposed as clinically important as predictive and monitoring factor in subjects with different cardiac disease conditions and in subjects who suffer from diabetes mellitus. Despite numerous clinical and experimental trials on the topic of heart rate variability in the setting of intensive care medicine there is a lack of appropriate technological facilites for routine monitoring and analysis of this phenomenon in everyday clinical practice.

Aim: This study sought to assess whether the volume and osmolarity of contrast media (CM) influences the occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) following coronarography procedure. CIN can be defined as an increase in the serum concentration of creatinine greater than a 25% from baseline during the period of 12 to 48 hours after the administration of radiocontrast media. Material and methods: We examined 100 patients without diabetes with serum creatinine concentration from 45 mmol/l to 141 mmol/l and 100 patients with diabetes with serum creatinine concentration from 46 mmol/l to 161 mmol/l who underwent coronary angiography. During procedure they received iso-osmolar contrast medium, Visipaque 320 (iodixanol-320), for group without diabetes from 40 to 340 ml and for group with diabetes from 49 to 310 ml. Results: CIN occurred in 27 (13,5%) of the 200 study patients. There was a trend toward higher prevalence of CIN (16% vs.11%, p = 0.086) in the diabetic group compared with the non-diabetic group. Patient with diabetes received less contrast media, they are younger but number patients with CIN are higher. Conclusion: Increasing contrast media dose is associated with the occurrence of CIN following coronarography. But, another risk factors like diabetes mellitus, old age, male sex and preexisting kidney disease have influence of developing CIN after coronarography.

Background/Aims: Residual renal function (RRF) has been shown to influence survival of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study examined the relations between RRF and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) before switching on dialysis treatment and observed during 18 months on PD treatment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed in 50 non-anuric (defined as >200 mL urine output in a 24-hour period) PD patients. Echocardiography, RRF and other known risk factors for the increase of LV mass index (LVMi) were determined at study baseline and the end of follow-up. Results: There was 78% patients with LVH in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) baseline and 60% at the end of follow-up. RRF at the start of the study showed no significant difference between patients with normal and increased LVMi, as well as in daily collection of urine. After 18 months, patients with decreased LVMi had better RRF, lower CRP and better Kt/V compared to patients with increased LVMi (p < 0.001). Patients with better preserved RRF not only had significantly higher total Kt/V, but were less anemic and hypoproteinemic and lesser presence of LVH. Conclusions: PD in non-anuric ESRD patients the first 18 months has a positive effect on the preservation of RRF and partial regression of left ventricular remodeling.

Introduction: Starting from the point that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) is chronic, inflammatory and hypercoagulable state characterized by an increase in procoagulant and inflammatory markers high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients could be explained. Aim: The aim of the research was to monitor inflammatory markers and procoagulants in various stages of kidney disease (stage 1-4). Materials and Methods: The research included 120 subjects older than 18 years with CKD stages 1-4 examined and monitored in Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo over a period of 24 months. The research included determining the following laboratory parameters: serum creatinine, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes in the blood, plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III, coagulation factors VII (FC VII) and coagulation factor VIII (FC VIII). Results: With the progression of kidney disease (CKD stages 1-4), there was a significant increase of inflammatory and procoagulant markers: CRP, fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIII, and an increase in the average values of leukocytes and a reduction in the value of antithrombin III, but without statistical significance. Also, there were no significant differences in the values of D-dimer and coagulation factor VII. Conclusion: The progression of kidney disease is significantly associated with inflammation, which could in the future be useful in prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Connection of CKD with inflammation and proven connection of inflammation with cardiovascular risk indicates the potential value of some biomarkers, which could in the future identify as predictors of outcome and could have the benefit in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in CKD.

E-mail still proves to be very popular and an efficient communication tool. Due to its misuse, however, managing e-mails problem for organizations and individuals. Spam, known as unwanted message, is an example of misuse. Specifically, spam is defined as the arrival of unwelcomed bulk email not being requested for by recipients. This paper compares different Machine Learning Techniques classification of spam e-mails. Random Forest (RF), C4.5 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were tested to determine which method provides the best results in spam e-mail classification. Our results show that RF is the best technique applied on dataset Labs, indicating that ensemble methods may have an edge in spam detection effective susceptible to is spam, also is defined messages not istaken with or religious he most email by a . Furthermore, by spam. around (which makes (Grant, 2003; Every e-mail user in America received an average of 2200 pieces of spam e-mails in 2002. In 2007 it reached 3600 pieces of spam e-mails due to increase rate of 2% per month conducted a survey revealing that a Chinese spam e-mails weekly. Due to spam e enterprises lose up to 9 billion yearly reveal that spam e-mails take about 60% of the incomin in a corporate network. With inappropriate or no countermeasures, the situation will worsen and, in the end, spam e-mails may destruct the usage of e countries are slowly starting to use anti (Gaikwad & Halkarnikar, 2014). The main argument supporting spam increase is the fact that spammers do not have any costs for it: “Because email technology allows spammers to shift the costs almost entirely to third parties, there is no incentive for the spammers to reduce the volume” (Hann, Hui, Lai, Lee, & Png, 2006) issue for spam is the annoying content they carry significant amount of spam contains some offensive materials (Maria & Ng, 2009). In China, some specialists suggest spam email measure as early as possible. However, because of 1210 Sarajevo,