Abstract In this reply to Daniel Bochsler and Basil Schläpfer, a number of issues prompted by their article ‘An indirect approach to map ethnic identities in post-conflict societies’, which proposes a method to estimate population shares in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in light of the lack of data on ethnicity from the most recent Bosnian census, are raised. In particular, two concerns are highlighted: firstly, whether estimates of the ethnic composition of the population can be free from the same politics that has affected the census itself; and secondly, what the practical purpose of producing such estimates might be.

IntroductionMore severe mental illnesses, like depression, are connected with various cardiovasCular risk factors, like hypertension, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, smoking and alcohol and other psychoactive substances abuse. Patients suffering from the depressive disorder display alterations of circadian rhythm, sleep disturbances, changes of autonomic nervous system, hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal gland axis (HHN) hyperactivity and changes of immunologic system. On the other hand, the somatic diseases, like obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II are lately ever more often accepted as significant comorbid states in patients with more severe mental diseases. There is ever more data showing that the severe mental illnesses also affect the somatic health and only lately, these states are evaluated in the context of metabolic syndrome. Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, similar to pathogenesis of depression, is complex and insufficiently investigated. However, it is considered that the interactions of chronic stress, psychological trauma, hypercortisolism and disturbed immunologic functions contribute to the development of these disturbances [1-6].Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex multisystem disturbance, consisting of several components, namely: abdominal obesity, lipid metabolism dysfunction, hypertension and glucose metabolism dysfunction [7]. Besides that, the syndrome is connected with pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state, resulting from the secretory activity of fat tissue, characterized by an increased level of inflammation mediators, endothelial dysfunction, hyperfibrinogenaemia, increased aggregation of thrombocytes, increased concentration of plasminogen activation inhibitors, increased levels of uric acid and microalbuminuria. MS represents the greatest risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. MS was described in patients with polycystic ovaries syndrome, non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver, microalbuminuria and chronic renal failure [7-10].Depression is a complex disease, connected with alterations of sleep, appetite, body weight and level of physical activity, all of which can represent risk factors for the development of metabolic disturbances. In depressive patients, various physiological mechanisms can influence the development of metabolic syndrome, such as disturbed regulation of HHN axis and noradrenergic system, as well as various psycho-social factors, such as gender, age, smoking, stress levels, nutrition and level of physical activity [11-14]. It is possible that MS represents a connection between depression on one and KVB and diabetes on the other side. It is considered that chronic stress causes depression and consequently harmful lifestyle, which can lead to MS and consequently, development of KVB [15]. Disturbed regulation of HHN axis is typically connected to chronic stress and numerous studies had described such connection between depression and high levels of cortysole [16-18]. On the other hand, increased levels of cortysole are connected with components of metabolic syndrome, such as the abdominal obesity and glucose intolerance, so depression can indirectly influence the metabolism of glucose and the risk of diabetes development [19,20]. Besides that, psycho-social variables, such as depressive mood, can result in changes of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are also important components for the development of metabolic syndrome [21].Based on the research so far, we may say that the depressive patients show a greater incidence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes compared to the other psychiatric patients and the general population [22-39]. Symptoms of a depressive disturbance are frequently observed among the patients with MS and fatigue is a frequent symptom in states with a chronic activation of non-specific immunity, such as MS [3943].The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial and clinical features of depressive patients diagnosed with MS. …

Discussions on quality of university teaching are numerous and under the public eye. At contemporary market conditions where responsibility and evaluation of academic institutions is accentuated there is a need for innovations of methodical organizations of teaching work for the purpose of development and promotion of quality of academic teaching and higher education. The accent is on pleasure and requirements of students, competencies of teachers and labor market expectation as well as the community. The purpose of this paper is to present characteristics of interactive teaching in relation to quality of academic teaching and establish whether university teaching through interactive learning and teaching emphasizes cooperative and partner relations through position and role of students and teachers. In terms of methodology, the method applied is one of meta-analysis for research studies that dealt with studying of characteristics of academic teaching (innovations in learning and teaching, project-co-relation approach realized through connecting of teaching contents and differences in teaching organization, and the like) based on which it could be said that problems of contemporary researches in the area of academic didactics mainly encompassed micro organizational structure of teaching work. Analytic-descriptive method was used with the procedure for content analysis. The basis was the assumption that didactical methodical structure of teaching work according to the model of interactive teaching contributes to creation of co operational and partner relations through positions and role of students and teachers which is reflected to higher quality of academic education. The results of this research indicated that interactive teaching with suitable methodical-didactical structure of organization of teaching work contributes to development of cooperative relations that were neglected in the concept of traditional paradigm of academic education which contributes to quality of academic

. Let E be Galois extension of Q of finite degree and let π and π ′ be two irreducible automorphic unitary cuspidal representations of GL m ( E A ) and GL m ′ ( E A ), respectively. We prove an asymptotic formula for computation of coefficients γ π,π ′ ( k ) in the Laurent (Taylor) series expansion around s = 1 of the logarithmic derivative of the Rankin-Selberg L − function L ( s,π × e π ′ ) under assumption that at least one of representations π , π ′ is self-contragredient and show that coefficients γ π,π ′ ( k ) are related to weighted Selberg orthogonality. We also replace the assumption that at least one of representations π and π ′ is self-contragredient by a weaker one.

Nowadays, changes have become more universal and essential social and organizational phenomenon. The significance of changes indicated by the fact that they are present at all times of existence of mankind, and it is inevitable that it will be in the future. The changes have become permanent and constantly present facts. It has been proven that today’s changes are very broad, rapid, often unpredictable and stressful, but are necessary for each type of development and prosperity. Given the fact that the changes affect almost all aspects of social life and work, this paper will particularly analyze the impact of various changes in the education system. In this context, we will use the method of content analysis of relevant documentary material, as well as the results of previous theoretical and empirical studies of many scientists and researchers in this field. The conclusions that have been reached are a relevant starting point for future action in the framework of educational activities.

Vault is an apparatus that slightly differs from other in women’s artistic gymnastics in the way of judging, duration of performance, but also in the requirements for certain biomotor abilities of the competitors. Accordingly, the question of number of competitors in the Vault Qualifications arises. Of all the major competitions in the period from 2008 to 2015 only at the competitions that were Individual All-Around Finals and Individual Event Finals (WC2009 and WC2013) a high percentage of Vault Qualifiers (WC2009 = 81.03%; WC2013 = 90.90%) has been identified. At other competitions (OG2008, WC2010, WC2011, QOG2012, OG2012, WC2014, WC2015) only approximately 20% of the elite competitors competed Vault Qualifications. Furthermore, due to identification of the impact of Competitor type (Vault Qualifiers or All-Around competitors), Competition (OG2008, WC2009, WC2010, WC2011, QOG2012, OG2012, WC2013, WC2014, WC2015) and their interaction with vaults Difficulty Scores, Execution Scores and Total Scores between-between 2*9 factorial ANOVA was applied. Finally, it was concluded that biomotor skills and competitors’ selected tactics probably generated the obtained significant differences. The results should be guidelines in planning and programming of training sessions for female elite competitors who aspire towards the Vault Finals.

The aim of this study was to examine whether additional training protocol of isokinetic training results in increased biomechanical values of certain parameters and whether it increases functional correlation between speed and strength leading to improved performance of acrobatic elements in floor exercises. Additional training protocol, which lasted for one semester,  was performed on Biodex 3 apparatus (60°·s–1). Examinees participating in this research were (N = 80) male students from Faculty of Sport and Education (mean age, 19.8 ± 1.7 year; weight, 75.2 ± 2,9 kg; height 179.7 ± 6.4 cm). Control group (N = 40), between two measurements, conducted only regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics. Experimental group (N = 40), besides regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics, also had additional program of isokinetic practice on Biodex 3 apparatus. Experimental group showed obvious structural changes that can be dominantly registered through variables assessing the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers (the maximum moment of force, overall work and average strength) and reciprocal relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles. In variables assessing the performance of elements of floor exercises in artistic gymnastics we obtained statistically significant differences in elements requiring changes of the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers: dive roll, back handspring, salto forward and backward tucked.