A Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) fez com que muitos legionários Brummer, imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes, principalmente de São Leopoldo (RS) e arredores, se engajassem no conflito, em sua maioria através da Guarda Nacional de São Leopoldo, do Batalhão de Voluntários da Pátria nº 33 e da “Bateria Alemã”, formada principalmente pelos Brummer. O artigo aborda a participação dos legionários Brummer, dos imigrantes alemães e de seus descendentes na Guerra do Paraguai, verificando a sua contribuição militar ao longo do conflito. Pretende-se analisar, ainda, o discurso de alguns desses personagens para compreender a construção de uma memória positiva sobre a sua participação na guerra, bem como a afirmação de que eram cidadãos exemplares de sua nova pátria: o Brasil.

4-O-5 diaryl ether owns the strongest aryl−aryl ether bond of the abundant Caryl−O bonds in lignin. Selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of diaryl ethers to oxygen-free aromatics and alkanes has been achieved over nickel nanoparticles supported on Zr-doped niobium phosphate solid acids in an autoclave under the mild conditions. Py-IR, NH3-TPD and TEM techniques were conducted to investigate the surface acidity and metal particle distribution of as-synthesized catalysts. Nickel on Zr-doped niobium phosphate exhibited an excellent activity for 84 % conversion of diaryl ether and a better selectivity of oxygen-free aromatic about 62 % and the total HDO selectivity reached up to 92 % at 220 oC and 0.5 MPa, which is attributed to the favorable synergetic catalytic effect between acid sites and metal sites. In addition, higher reaction temperature favors the production of oxygen-free aromatics and alkanes and low H2 pressure is benefit for formation of benzene.

INTRODUCTION: A number of biochemical and medical researchers have detected increased activity of tyrosinase in skin tumor cells. The most famous and available inhibitor, kojic acid, has several side effects and is not completely safe for use. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the study of inhibitory influence of halogen boroxine K 2 [B 3 0 3 F 4 OH] on tyrosinase. The research was prompted by the ability of this compound to inhibit enzymes through metal ion chelation as well as its synthesis and application in cosmetic skin products that produce no serious side-effects. METHOD: Tyrosinase activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis for the appearance of dopachrome pigment at a wavelength of 475 nm. Tyrosinase exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. RESULTS: Tests of the proposed inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase showed that K 2 [B 3 O 3 F 4 OH] had weak inhibitory properties. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to search for new ways of antitumor mechanisms that differ from those of previous results.

Introduction: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is important, but often neglected complication of diabetes, that substantially contributes to diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. The majority of diabetic patients have subclinical CAN. Therefore, screening for CAN in patients with diabetes is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical CAN in real-life clinical setting at primary health care institution. We also aimed to determine, which routine clinical and laboratory parameters could serve as predictors of CAN. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study that included 50 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the primary health care institution. Gender, age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, the presence of paresthesia, deep and superficial neuropathy, foot skin lesions and the presence of pulselessness of artery dorsalis pedis and tibialis posterior were recorded. The diagnosis of CAN was made if the patients met two out of three criteria: postural hypotension, increased resting heart rate and corrected QT interval prolongation. Results: Patients had a median age of 59.0 (51.0 – 64.0) years and median duration of diabetes of 9.0 (6.0 – 11.0) years. CAN was present in 19 patients (38%). Patients with CAN had greater duration of diabetes and 2% higher HbA1c. They also had higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy, foot skin lesions and peripheral artery disease. The presence of peripheral deep neuropathy was the best predictor of CAN with a specificity of 64.5% (45.4 80.8) and sensitivity of 79.0% (54.4 93.9). Conclusion: CAN is a common complication in our cohort of patients with diabetes. Simple routine clinical and laboratory parameters may be useful in detecting patients at high risk for CAN. 1 Public Educationional Healthcare Center Tuzla –Family Medicine Teaching Center 2 Public Healthcare Center GracanicaDepartment of Family Medicine; 3 General Hospital Gracanica; 4 University Clinical Center Tuzla and European University Kallos Tuzla. Azijada Beganlic1, Albina Softic2, Jasmin Alic2, Menedin Causi3, Senada Selmanovic1, Fuad Pasic4, Munevera Becarevic4 Corresponding author: Azijada Beganlic, M.D., PhD, Professor of medicine, Public Educationional Healthcare Center Tuzla, Family Medicine Teaching Center; Albina i Franje Herljevica 1, Tuzla 75000; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Phone number: 00387 63 992 465; E-mail: azijada_beganlic@yahoo.com DOI: 10.21040/eom/2016.2.3.1 Received: September 1st 2016 Accepted: September 9th 2016 Published: September 15th 2016 Copyright: © Copyright by Association for Endocrine Oncology and Metabolism. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Funding: None. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper.

AimTo explore the prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, in patients in Clinical hospital Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina, region of Herzegovina).MethodsIn this study, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar prevalence was investigated in fresh faeces by native microscopy and immunochromatographic rapid assay “RIDA®QUICK Entamoeba test”, in 119 cases of new found IBD patients, 84 of ulcerative colitis and 35 of Crohn’s disease and in control group who had also 119 patients who didn’t have any gastrointestinal complaints. IBD diagnosis was established by standard diagnostic procedures (anamnesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory, endoscopy and biopsy).ResultsEntamoeba histolytica/dispar were found in 19 (16.0 %) of a total of 119 cases, 12 (14.3 %) of the 84 patients with ulcerative colitis and 7 (20.0 %) of the 35 patients with Crohn’s disease. As for the 119 patients in the control group who had not any gastrointestinal complaints, 2 (1.7 %) patients were found to have E. histolytica/dispar in their faeces. Amoeba prevalence in the patient group was determined to be significantly higher in group with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and IBD total than in the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionAmeba infections in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, have a greater prevalence compared to the normal population.

We investigated if a femoral nerve block (FNB) for patients with a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) and administered by an orthopaedic registrar (OR) instead of an anaesthesiology registrar (AR) lowers the lead time to block and reduces the total amount of rescue analgesics during the preoperative phase. 205 patients were included in a prospective observational cohort study. The main outcome variable was rescue analgesics as total intravenous morphine prior to surgery. All results were adjusted for confounding using age, sex, cognitive dysfunction, and ASA classification. The OR group (n = 135) was over 2 hours faster in performing the block compared to the AR group (n = 70) but was nonetheless correlated with an increased amount of rescue analgesics during the study, 2.4 mg morphine (95% CI 0.0–4.9) more compared to the AR group. We found no difference between the groups in the risk of adverse events. We conclude that, for patients with an acute PFF and with morphine consumption as end point, how soon from arrival to hospital the patients receive a FNB is of lesser importance than who is administering it. Based on our results we recommend that emergency hospitals should have routines for anaesthesiologists performing FNB on this frail patient group.