Non-maleficence represents one of the basic ethical principles that health care providers should be guided by during service delivery. Establishment of patient safety is nowadays recognized as an issue of global concern in health care and a critical component of quality management. The aim of this paper is to provide a literature review of the patient safety and medication errors concept, with special attention given to defining the most significant terms, analyzing the causal factors and reviewing their classification. Raising awareness about the importance of patient safety has resulted in an increase in the number of medication error studies over the last decade. The traditional approach which makes health workers responsible for reduction of incidents is replaced by the modern concept which implies the involvement of all stakeholders at all levels of the system. In developed countries, the application of prospective risk management models for specific health care processes has already started. However, all these studies are mainly carried out at the secondary and tertiary levels of health care, while they are almost non-existent at the primary level. In the Republic of Serbia, a Rulebook on indicators of the quality of health care has been recently adopted, but a trend of significant lack of data regarding patient safety can be noticed due to inadequate reporting. It is necessary to continue with the homogenization of terminology and to increase the number of analyses of causal factors with the aim of prospective risk identification, particularly in developing countries such as the Republic of Serbia. Acta Medica Medianae 2016;55(2):57-64.

Table of contentsOP03 Selective extraction of medically-related radionuclides from proton-irradiated thorium targetsV. Radchenko, J.W. Engle, C. Roy, J. Griswold, M.F. Nortier, E.R. Birnbaum, M. Brugh, S. Mirzadeh, K. D. John, M.E. FassbenderOP04 Comparison of [68Ga]FSC(succ-RGD)3 and [68Ga]NODAGA-RGD for PET imaging of αvβ3 integrin expressionChuangyan Zhai, Gerben M. Franssen, Milos Petrik, Peter Laverman, Clemens DecristoforoOP05 A new NPY-Y1R targeting peptide for breast cancer PET imagingAit-Mohand Samia, Dumulon-Perreault Véronique, Guérin BrigitteOP06 The influence of multivalency on CCK 2 receptor targetingD. Summer, A. Kroess, C. Rangger, H. Haas, P. Laverman, F. Gerben, E. von Guggenberg, C.DecristoforoOP07 SPECT Imaging of αvβ3 Expression by [99mTc(N)PNP43]- Bifunctional Chimeric RGD Peptide not Cross-Reacting with αvβ5Cristina Bolzati, Nicola Salvarese, Fiorenzo Refosco, Laura Meléndez-Alafort, Debora Carpanese, Antonio Rosato, Michele Saviano, Annarita Del Gatto, Daniela Comegna, Laura ZaccaroOP09 New dienophiles for the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction and for pretargeted PET imagingEmilie Billaud, Muneer Ahamed, Frederik Cleeren, Elnaz Shahbazali, Tim Noël, Volker Hessel, Alfons Verbruggen and Guy BormansOP10 New complexing agent for Al18F-labelling of heat-sensitive biomolecules: Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of Al18F-RESCA1-HASCleeren F, Lecina J, Koole M, Verbruggen A and Bormans GOP11 A novel versatile precursor efficient for F-18 radiolabelling via click-chemistryB. Lugatoa, S. Stucchia, E.A. Turollaa, L. Giulianoa, S.Toddea, P. FerraboschibOP12 A general applicable method to quantify unidentified UV impurities in radiopharmaceuticalsR.P. Klok, M.P.J. Mooijer, N.H. Hendrikse, A.D. WindhorstOP13 Development of [18F]Fluoro-C-glycosides to radiolabel peptidesCollet C., Petry N., Chrétien F., Karcher G., Pellegrini-Moïse N., Lamandé-Langle S.OP14 A Microfluidic Approach for the 68Ga-labeling of PSMAHBED-CC and NODAGA-RGDSarah Pfaff, Cecile Philippe, Markus Mitterhauser, Marcus Hacker, Wolfgang WadsakOP16 Surprising reactivity of astatine in the nucleophilic substitution of aryliodonium salts: application to the radiolabeling of antibodiesFrançois Guérard, Yong-Sok Lee, Sébastien Gouard, Kwamena Baidoo, Cyrille Alliot, Michel Chérel, Martin W. Brechbiel, Jean-François GestinOP17 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 fragments, a second-generation probe for PET imaging of the response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab (Herceptin)Lam K, Chan C, Reilly RMOP18 Development of radiohalogenated analogues of a avb6-specific peptide for high LET particle emitter targeted radionuclide therapy of cancerSalomé Paillas, John Marshall, Jean-Pierre Pouget, Jane SosabowskiOP19 Ligand Specific Efficiency (LSE) as a guide in tracer optimizationEmmanuelle Briard, Yves P. Auberson, John Reilly, Mark Healy, David SykesOP23 The radiosynthesis of an 18F-labeled triglyceride, developed to visualize and quantify brown adipose tissue activityAndreas Paulus, Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt,Felix Mottaghy, Matthias BauwensOP24 Influence of the fluorescent dye on the tumor targeting properties of dual-labeled HBED-CC based PSMA inhibitorsBaranski, Ann-Christin, Schäfer, Martin, Bauder-Wüst, Ulrike, Haberkorn, Uwe, Eder, Matthias, Kopka, KlausOP25 [18F]MEL050 as a melanin PET tracer : fully automated radiosynthesis and evaluation for the detection of pigmented melanoma in mice pulmonary metastasesChaussard M, Hosten B, Vignal N, Tsoupko-Sitnikov V, Hernio N, Hontonnou F, Merlet P, Poyet JL, Sarda-Mantel L, Rizzo-Padoin NOP26 Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Radiofluorinated PSMA Targeting Ligands Based on PSMA-617J. Cardinale, M. Schäfer, M. Benešová, U. Bauder-Wüst, O. Seibert, F. Giesel, U. Haberkorn, M. Eder, K. KopkaOP27 A novel radiolabeled peptide for PET imaging of prostate cancer: 64Cu-DOTHA2-PEG-RM26Mansour Nematallah, Paquette Michel, Ait-Mohand Samia, Dumulon-Perreault Véronique, Lecomte Roger, Guérin BrigitteOP29 Biodistribution of [18F]Amylovis®, a new radiotracer PET imaging of β-amyloid plaquesFernandez-Maza L, Rivera-Marrero S, Prats Capote A, Parrado-Gallego A, Fernandez-Gomez I, Balcerzyk M, Sablon-Carrazana M, Perera-Pintado A, Merceron-Martinez D, Acosta-Medina E, Rodriguez-Tanty COP30 Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [11C]-BA1 PET tracer for the imaging of CSF-1RBala Attili, Muneer Ahamed, Guy BormansOP31 In vivo imaging of the MCHR1 in the ventricular system via [18F]FE@SNAPC. Philippe, M. Zeilinger, T. Scherer, C. Fürnsinn, M. Dumanic, W. Wadsak, M. Hacker, M. MitterhauserOP32 Synthesis of the first carbon-11 labelled P2Y12 receptor antagonist for imaging the anti-inflammatory phenotype of activated microgliaB. Janssen, D.J. Vugts, G.T. Molenaar, U. Funke, P.S. Kruijer, F. Dollé, G. Bormans, A.A. Lammertsma, A.D. WindhorstOP33 Radiosynthesis of a selective HDAC6 inhibitor [11C]KB631 and in vitro and ex vivo evaluationKoen Vermeulen, Muneer Ahamed, Michael Schnekenburger, Mathy Froeyen, Dag Erlend Olberg, Marc Diederich, Guy BormansaOP34 Improving metabolic stability of fluorine-18 labelled verapamil analoguesRaaphorst RM, Luurtsema G, Lammertsma AA, Elsinga PH, Windhorst ADOP36 Development of a novel PET tracer for the activin receptor-like kinase 5Lonneke Rotteveel, Uta Funke, Peter ten Dijke, Harm Jan Bogaard, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Albert D. WindhorstOP37 SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies of 111In-EGF-Au-PEG nanoparticles in vivoLei Song, Sarah Able, Nadia Falzone, Veerle Kersemans, Katherine VallisOP38 Melanoma targeting with [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled NAPamide derivatives: preliminary pharmacological studiesDavide Carta, Nicola Salvarese, Wiebke Sihver, Feng Gao, Hans Jürgen Pietzsch, Barbara Biondi, Paolo Ruzza, Fiorenzo Refosco, Cristina BolzatiOP39 [68Ga]NODAGA-RGD: cGMP synthesis and data from a phase I clinical studyRoland Haubner, Armin Finkensted, Armin Stegmair, Christine Rangger, Clemens Decristoforo, Heinz Zoller, Irene J. VirgolinOP44 Implementation of a GMP-grade radiopharmacy facility in MaastrichtIvo Pooters, Maartje Lotz, Roel Wierts, Felix Mottaghy, Matthias BauwensOP45 Setting up a GMP production of a new radiopharmaceuticalForsback, Sarita, Bergman Jörgen, Kivelä RiikkaOP48 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 68-gallium labeled Fe3O4-DPD nanoparticles as potential PET/MRI imaging agentsM. Karageorgou, M. Radović, C. Tsoukalas, B. Antic, M. Gazouli, M. Paravatou-Petsotas, S. Xanthopouls, M. Calamiotou, D. Stamopoulos, S. Vranješ-Durić, P. BouziotisOP49 Fast PET imaging of inflammation using 68Ga-citrate with Fe-containing salts of hydroxy acidsA. S. Lunev, A. A. Larenkov, K.A. Petrosova, O. E. Klementyeva, G. E. KodinaPP01 Installation and validation of 11C-methionine synthesisKvernenes, O.H., Adamsen, T.C.H.PP02 Fully automated synthesis of 68Ga-labelled peptides using the IBA Synthera® and Synthera® Extension modulesRené Martin, Sebastian Weidlich, Anna-Maria Zerges, Cristiana Gameiro, Neva Lazarova, Marco MülleraPP03 GMP compliant production of 15O-labeled water using IBA 18 MeV proton cyclotronGert Luurtsema, Michèl de Vries, Michel Ghyoot, Gina van der Woude, Rolf Zijlma, Rudi Dierckx, Hendrikus H. Boersma, Philip H. ElsingaPP04 In vitro Nuclear Imaging Potential of New Subphthalocyanine and Zinc PhthalocyanineFatma Yurt Lambrecht, Ozge Er, Mine Ince, Cıgır Biray Avci, Cumhur Gunduz, Fatma Aslihan SarıPP05 Synthesis, Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy and Nuclear Imaging Potential of Zinc PhthalocyaninesKasim Ocakoglu, Ozge Er, Onur Alp Ersoz, Fatma Yurt Lambrecht, Mine Ince, Cagla Kayabasi, Cumhur GunduzPP06 Radio-U(H)PLC – the Search on the Optimal Flow Cell for the γ-DetectorTorsten Kniess, Sebastian Meister, Steffen Fischer, Jörg SteinbachPP07 Radiolabeling, characterization & biodistribution study of cysteine and its derivatives with Tc99mRabia Ashfaq, Saeed Iqbal, Atiq-ur-Rehman, Irfan ullah KhanPP08 Radiolabelling of poly (lactic-co.glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with 99mTCR Iglesias-Jerez, Cayero-Otero, L. Martín-Banderas, A. Perera-Pintado, I. Borrego-DoradoPP09 Development of [18F]PD-410 as a non-peptidic PET radiotracer for gastrin releasing peptide receptorsInes Farinha-Antunes, Chantal Kwizera, Enza Lacivita, Ermelinda Lucente, Mauro Niso, Paola De Giorgio, Roberto Perrone, Nicola A. Colabufo, Philip H. Elsinga, Marcello LeopoldoPP10 An improved nucleophilic synthesis of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy) benzothiazole ([18F]FEDMBT), potential diagnostic agent for breast cancer imaging by PETV.V. Vaulina, O.S. Fedorova, V.V. Orlovskaja, С.L. Chen, G.Y. Li, F.C. Meng, R.S. Liu, H.E. Wang, R.N. KrasikovaPP11 Internal radiation dose assessment of radiopharmaceuticals prepared with accelerator-produced 99mTcLaura Meléndez-Alafort, Mohamed Abozeid, Guillermina Ferro-Flores, Anna Negri, Michele Bello, Nikolay Uzunov, Martha Paiusco, Juan Esposito, Antonio RosatoPP12 A specialized five-compartmental model software for pharmacokinetic parameters calculationLaura Meléndez-Alafort, Cristina Bolzati, Guillermina Ferro-Flores, Nicola Salvarese, Debora Carpanese, Mohamed Abozeid, Antonio Rosato, Nikolay UzunovPP13 Molecular imaging of the pharmacokinetic behavior of low molecular weight 18F-labeled PEtOx in comparison to 89Zr-labeled PEtOxPalmieri L, Verbrugghen T, Glassner M, Hoogenboom R, Staelens S, Wyffels LPP14 Towards nucleophilic synthesis of the α-[18F]fluoropropyl-L-dihydroxyphenylalanineV. V. Orlovskaja, O. F. Kuznetsova, O. S. Fedorova, V. I. Maleev, Yu. N. Belokon, A. Geolchanyan, A. S. Saghyan, L. Mu, R. Schibli, S. M. Ametamey, R. N. KrasikovaPP15 A convenient one-pot synthesis of [18F]clofarabineRevunov, Evgeny, Malmquist, Jonas, Johnström, Peter, Van Valkenburgh, Juno, Steele, Dalton, Halldin, Christer, Schou, MagnusPP16 BODIPY-estradiol conjugates as multi-modality tumor imaging agentsSamira Osati,Michel Paquette,Simon Beaudoin,Hasrat Ali,Brigitte Guerin, Jeffrey V. Leyton, Johan E. van LierPP17 Easy and

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate visual and refractive outcomes after Veriflex phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL) implantation in moderately myopic eyes as well as postoperative complications. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 40 eyes of 26 patients which underwent implantation of Veriflex for correction of myopia from -6.00 to -14.50 diopters (D) in the Eye Clinic Svjetlost Sarajevo, from January 2011 to January 2014. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest residual spherical equivalent (MRSE), intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell (EC) density were evaluated at one, three, six and 12 months. Other complications in postoperative period were evaluated. For statistical analysis SPSS for Windows and Microsoft Excel were used. Results: Out of 26 patients 14 had binocular and 12 monocular procedure, with mean age of 29.8±6.5 years. After 12 months mean UDVA was 0.73±0.20. Mean MRSE was -0.39±0.31D and 90% of eyes had MRSE within ±1D. EC loss was 7.18±4.33%. There was no significant change of IOP by the end of 12 months follow up period. The only intraoperative complication was hyphema and occurred in one eye. Few postoperative complications were: subclinical inflammation in three eyes (7,5%), pigment dispersion in four eyes (10%), ovalisation of papilla in 2 eyes (5%) and decentration of pIOL in 2 eyes (5%). Conclusion: Implantation of iris-claw phakic lenses Veriflex for treating moderately high myopia is a procedure with good visual and refractive results and few postoperative complications.

Since war activities, the previously mixed population of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, live in segregated parts of the town based on ethnicity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in health risks and health status between populations of the two parts of the town. Health status of 300 randomly selected primary care patients was evaluated by practicing family physicians in two main primary care centers in West and East Mostar. Each group consisted of 150 patients. Data were collected between December 2013 and May 2014. Patients were evaluated for smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, blood pressure and laboratory measurement of fasting glycemia. Family physicians provided diagnosis of chronic noninfectious diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, malignant disease, depression, and alcoholism). The two groups differed according to age, income, employment status, and rate of alcoholism and hypertension. Alcoholism (OR= 4.105; 95% CI 2.012-8.374) and hypertension (OR=1.972; 95% CI 1.253-3.976) were associated with inhabitants of West Mostar, adjusted for age, employment and income status on logistic regression. In conclusion, ethnic differences between inhabitants of the two parts of the town might influence health outcomes. These are preliminary data and additional studies with larger samples and more specific questions considering nutrition and cultural issues are needed to detect the potential differences between the groups.

UDK: 630*37:630*4     Hauling of heavy and voluminous load (wood) partially through forest wastelands and partially on built roads makes this the most expensive phase, which is also technically the most challenging and most damaging for the forest eco-system. Although it is clear that the realisation of this phase in forest harvesting cannot be completed without certain forest damage, in expert and scientific circles there is general consent that by careful planning and execution in forestry, this damage can be brought down to an ‘acceptable’ level.   One of the reliable indicators of stand damage is the amount of mechanical damage resulting from forest harvesting operations. This damage can be ascertained rather easily and correctly, and the environmental and economic consequences of mechanical damage of standing trees are better known than those resulting from damaging saplings or the soil. (Martinić, 2000).  Pertaining to this, this paper presents the measuring and analysis of mechanical damage to standing trees as a result of hauling trees using the cable skidder ‘Timberjack 225 A’ in the forest unit 17,  Management Unit ‘Gornja Stavnja’, Forest Management Company ‘Gornjebosansko’. The amount of damage was analysed, the place where it occurred on the tree, the level of damage and the surface of the inflicted damage. All the stated analyses were carried out for two ways of skidding wood using a winch (falling and ascending).  Results show, among others, that the stand damage expressed in the percentage of damaged trees of the total tree count is 15.41%, which is the upper limit Martinić (1993) ascertained for this phase of forest harvesting, including the variability of working methods and techniques. Almost half of the damage is stated in the first third of the distance between the skidder path and transport boundary, with the largest amount of damage occurring on the most valuable part of the tree (butt end), especially during slope skidding.

Abstract Glyphosate is a pesticide that influences many blood parameters if taken orally or subcutaneously. This pesticide causes important changes in the metabolic activity which can be measured by organospecific enzyme activity such as liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT), while glucose acts as a stress, energy and metabolism indicator after acute glyphosate exposure. In this research, glyphosate was applied subcutaneously to rats, administrated each 24 hours for a 15 days period. The concentration of the applied glyphosate was 2.8 g/kg. The experimental rats were 13 weeks old. The concentration of serum glucose, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and liver transaminases (AST and ALT) were observed as indicators of metabolic changes after treatment. It was observed that glyphosate led to a statistically significant decrease of serum glucose level. Statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) AST, ALT and LDH activities are indicators of hepatocyte damage while LDH activity demonstrates damage of other tissues.

A conflict of interest exists when decisions made by a person or institution are affected by direct financial interests or by non-financial issues, such as personal relationships, business associations, and membership in political, national or other groups. These circumstances favor secondary interests over primary interests in medicine and can influence contributions to science and health. Regardless of individual life experiences and personal background, physicians and other health professionals should strive to remain conflict-free. This paper illustrates conflicts of interests in biomedical research and medical practice caused by financial and nonfinancial influences. It also assesses how medical journals, professional organizations, healthcare, and government examine these issues. Presented examples of potential conflicting interests are related to healthcare industry, psychiatry and psychology (e.g., 'enhanced interrogation techniques'), sports medicine, and in the publication process of biomedical journals (authors, editors and peer reviewers). In order to avoid potential conflicting interests, today majority of medical journals request from the authors to disclose any such interests in a written statement on a form prepared by the ICMJE on the journal. This disclosure includes payments for consulting, speaking, honoraria, research support, personal relationships, and institutional conflicts of intersts that may influence the work presented in the submitted manuscript. The editor will decide on potentially relevant conflicting interest in the disclosure and publish it.