Livanjski cheese belongs to the group of hard cheeses which is traditionally produced in Livno (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Proteolytic changes during the ripening of Livanjski cheese have not been investigated extensively. The aim of this paper was to determine its proteolytic changes during the different stages of ripening. Five Livanjski cheeses (from raw cow’s or a mixture of sheep’s and cow’s milk) were observed during the ripening to evaluate its typical proteolytic profile. An electophoretic profile of Livanjski cheese was determined by Urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (urea-PAGE) and a densitometric evaluation of the urea-PAGE gels was performed using a densitometer. The water-soluble nitrogen fraction in the total nitrogen (WSN %TN) and the 12%-TCA-soluble nitrogen fraction in the total nitrogen (TCA-SN %TN) of the cheese were determined using the Kjeldahl method. Degradation of αs1-casein by chymosin caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of relative content of this protein in Livanjski cheese at the sixth week point of ripening. Due to the activity of chymosin on αs1-casein, αs1-I-casein and αs1-II-casein developed, which caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) of Index alpha. The relative ratio of β-casein significantly decreased (P < 0.05) during ripening leading to a significant accumulation (P < 0.05) of degraded product (sum γ1-casein, γ2-casein and γ3-casein). These proteolytic changes caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) of Index betta. Accumulation of medium, small peptides and amino acids caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase of the relative content of WSN %TN and TCA-SN %TN. In general, proteolysis of Livanjski cheese during ripening was moderate probably due to the low moisture content and low water activity, although it was produced from raw milk. Taking into account that the ratio β-casein : αs1-casein at the end of ripening was 1.46, it could be concluded that degradation of αs1-casein could be the indicator of the maturity of Livanjski cheese. Due to that Livanjski cheese could be classified as “α-type of ripening” cheese.

O artigo compartilha o trabalho realizado com os bebes em tres creches municipais de Sao Bernardo do Campo, sendo ele vinculado ao subprojeto PIBID “Brincadeiras de agora, brincadeiras de outrora: as criancas e a producao das culturas infantis”. Tendo os conceitos de “amorosidade” e “dialogicidade” em Paulo Freire como pressupostos, sao proporcionadas varias atividades aos bebes, no intuito de instigar sua curiosidade, fantasia, imaginacao e inventividade, potencializando as suas experiencias. Como resultado, verifica-se a revisao de concepcoes de crianca e infância marcadas por perspectivas biologizantes e psicologizantes; a ampliacao de espacos instigantes, onde os bebes aprendem observando, tocando, cheirando, narrando suas descobertas por meio de suas multiplas linguagens, o que tem exigido dos/as educadores/as se alfabetizarem nas mesmas, visando a construcao de praticas dialogicas; e o reconhecimento da creche como ambiente de dialogo e espaco privilegiado de formacao, onde o/a educador/a nao apenas ensina, mas tambem aprende com as criancas pequenininhas.

Episiotomy is obstetric procedure during which the incision extends the vestibule of the vagina during the second stage of labor. Episiotomy was extensively spread with gradual increase of rates in the first half of the 20th century and was performed medio-laterally in all nulliparous women with the idea to protect fetal head from trauma and pelvic floor from injuries. However, reports claiming that episiotomy had no such benefits were published. It was shown that routine medio-lateral episiotomy did not protect against the appearance of urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery, while the risk of anal incontinence could be increased. The role of episiotomy in development of pelvic floor dysfunction remains quite unclear. Due to the mentioned reason, restricted episiotomy approach should be accepted. The origin of stress incontinence during pregnancy is controversial and not definitely scientifically proven. Pregnancy per se and older age at first delivery may have impact on the onset of pelvic floor dysfunction. Urinary incontinence in pregnancy increases the risk of later urinary incontinence, both postpartum and later in life. Vaginal delivery is just one of the potential risk factors for development of urinary incontinence. Mechanical pressure by fetus on the pelvic floor structures, limited denervation of the pelvic floor and soft tissue damage during delivery are some of explanations for the onset of stress urinary incontinence. On the other hand, cesarean delivery might not be protective against emergence of urinary incontinence. Further research in this field is needed.

This paper deals with teaching management of different learning styles students use in the EFL classroom. It explores various types of learning styles and it provides directions that can help EFL teachers in better understanding of various learning preferences and in responding to different types of learners. Different types of learners are also treated in this paper. In addition to theoretical explanations for every type of learner mentioned, different methods and approaches are incorporated, together with suggestions for activities suitable for particular learners. The last part of the paper is a study of Bosnian teenagers’ learning styles and their implication in teaching. The aim of the study was to investigate major learning styles of Sarajevo teenagers and how they affect their learning. The results and analysis of the study are presented at the end of this paper.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer in women. The accuracy of diagnosis can be increased with a combination of clinical examination, imaging diagnostics, and fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy, also known as triple test. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the diagnosis of breast tumors in our institution by correlating it with histopathology findings. We assessed the accuracy of 124 FNAC findings by comparing cytological diagnosis of breast masses with the diagnoses from histopathology reports obtained by surgery. Statistical analysis showed 95.1% accuracy, 97.7% sensitivity, 89.1% specificity, 95.5% positive predictive value and 94.2% negative predictive value of FNAC. Study results indicated that FNAC could be used as a highly reliable tool in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors, in combination with clinical and imaging findings, especially in developing countries with limited financial resources.

O objetivo deste trabalho e diagnosticar, conhecer e apresentar o artesanato do interior do estado de Goias, a partir de pecas que inicialmente eram confeccionadas para o uso domestico de moradores e que atualmente tem ocupado alguns lugares comerciais desse espaco urbano. O recorte de estudo deste artigo e o urbano do municipio de Quirinopolis, localizado na microrregiao homonima. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, a pesquisa parte da discussao da categoria geografica lugar, chegando aos territorios comerciais e de criacao dos sujeitos envolvidos com o saber fazer artesanal. Para a construcao do trabalho, o referencial teorico (livros, jornais, internet e revistas), os trabalhos de campo, o levantamento fotografico, as entrevistas informais, as aplicacoes de questionarios e o trabalho de gabinete foram fundamentais. No caso das artesas investigadas, os principais resultados apontam que 32% tem entre 51 e 60 anos de idade; 37% alegam que o principal motivo de trabalhar com o artesanato e a possibilidade de aumentar a renda familiar; e para 55% dessas pessoas, o trabalho artesanal desenvolvido em Quirinopolis e um potencial turistico do lugar.