Williams et al. (Nat. Genet. 48:238-224, 2016) recently reported neutral tumor evolution in one third of 904 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Here, we assess the reproducibility and validity of their method and the extent of positive selection in subclonal mutations across cancer types. Our results do not support observable neutral tumor evolution and uncover strong positive selection within subclonal mutations across cancers.

Horizontal air temperature is defined by the value of the mean air temperature for a certain surface area unit.  It is defined by the value of horizontal thermal gradient, i.e. the value of average change of horizontal temperature per unit area. In order to define the horizontal change of air temperature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a GRID thermal model was constructed whose spatial resolution is 20 m. Based on obtained thermal model geo-database it was determined that the mean annual air temperature for the whole area of Bosnia and Herzegovina is about 10.9 °C, keeping in mind that there are significant thermal differences with respect to the two existing climate zones. More specifically, on the territory of the northern temperate climate zone the average annual temperature is about 9.7 °C, while in the Mediterranean climate zone the said value is 12.1 °C. In this work, it was also found that thermal contrasts are very pronounced as well, due to the fact that average annual temperature in the highest mountain peak zones in southeastern  Bosnian highlands is negative and is found to be -1.4 °C (Maglić peak), while at the  Neum coastal zone it is measured at 15.9 °C. The above stated pronounced thermal contrasts are determined on a small horizontal distance, as a consequence of climactic position of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as highly pronounced terrain dynamics. 

Present company Trepca-Sever is formed by foreigners after the bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999, and it is a part of former Trepca Conglomerate located in northern part of Kosovo and Metohija, namely in three municipalities: North Kosovska Mitrovica, Zvecan and Leposavic. Main office of Trepca Conglomerate was always in Zvecan, flotation of lead-zinc ore (in the period of 1930-1985), lead smelting and refining plants (founded in 1939), laboratory, Institute, electromechanical workshops and other ancillary services. In Leposavic flotation, ores of Kopaonik mines are processed, while financial and commercial services are located in the North Kosovska Mitrovica.

The results of the first study of the dragonfly fauna in northwest Bosnia are presented. Field surveys were conducted in summer 2012 and 2013, resulting in the identification of 36 species. Out of these, 34 are new for the region. The present paper gives a detailed overview of the results and a comparison of the dragonfly fauna composition of the region studied with the neighboring areas within Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia is made. The most abundant species were: Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758), Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764), Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus,1758), Somatochlora meridionalis Nielsen, 1935, Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) and Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771). Noteworthy are the records of Chalcolestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) and Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842), two species that are rare in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and also Coenagrion ornatum (Selys, 1850) and Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979, species of European conservation concern. Distribution and the status of these species and the conservation of dragonfly species in the country are briefly discussed. The data collected represent an important contribution to the knowledge of the dragonfly fauna of the Una River basin and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Records of the biting midge Forcipomyia paludis (Macfie, 1936) from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are reported herewith as the first finds of F. paludis in both countries, together with new records from Croatia and Sweden. This biting midge is a temporary ectoparasite of dragonfly imagines and the only ceratopogonid species known in Europe to feed specifically on this insect group. Forcipomyia paludis is already known in 18 European countries. Prior to this report, F. paludis was known to infest 67 dragonfly species in Europe. Thirteen dragonfly imagines from 11 sites in Slovenia, 27 imagines from 13 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina and six imagines from two sites in Croatia having F. paludis on their wings were recorded. Additional data for 50 imagines from 15 sites in Sweden are also presented. In Slovenia, the species is known to occur in the Gorenjska, Goriška Brda, Vipava River Valley, Coastal-Karst region, Central Slovenia, Kočevska region and Bela krajina, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina it is known only from south Herzegovina (Ljubuški, Čapljina, Mostar and Stolac areas). In Croatia, the species is present in several parts of the country, while in Sweden it occurs only in the southern and middle parts of the country (Skåne, Öland, Gotland, Göteborg and Gävle). Six new dragonfly host species and the northernmost occurrence of F. paludis are also reported.

The frequent occurrence of stress and job-related-stress in recent times on workers at workplaces has become a trend of worry to: employers, management, employees, organizations, and society as a whole. Stress has a tremendous effect on job satisfaction, production, and workers’ motivation. In this regard, the study methodology of this literature review focused on secondary sources of data. In-depth secondary sources of data was gathered to review trends of both past and current literature and to elicit conclusion and recommendations for future studies. The sources of secondary data include; books, publications on internet, peer-reviewed journal articles, and etc. Furthermore, this research work shows that the presence of this phenomenon among workers has enormous influence on their job efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace. This study concludes that the frequent incident of intense stress on individuals conveys a sequence of disturbing and negative physiological and health consequences. Underlying effect is a reduction in the job performance due to illness, injury, absenteeism, quality control cost, turnover cost, and violence.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Academic staff evaluation poses a unique challenge in higher education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The established practice of selfrepresenting the absolute authority in public higher education institutions attenuated by the emergence of private higher education institutions where the employers sought for the results, expressed their own, as well as students&rsquo; demands. Encountered with new development in this domain, the members of academic community are facing an unknown and are feared that the application of various models would in fact deteriorate the image of their contribution, the value of their results and credits, and consequently recall or query the benefits at their disposal. This paper provides a detailed overview, expectations and demands for proper practice, and represents an objective model to be used.</p>