Introduction: Aim of this paper is to describe some of models of outsourcing (numerous and response to different types of risks and increment of quality is based on individual problem and situation). Defining whether to outsource or not and whether to build or buy new information technology (IT) is question for contract research organization (CRO) and Pharma companies dealing with clinical trials, so the aim of this paper is to show business model that could make process of decision making less time consuming, less segmented and more efficient. Material and methods: This paper has a descriptive character, and represents a review of the literature that deals with the described issues. Results: Outsourcing should enable optimal capacity flexibility (technology that is outsourced should be done only optimally not entirely). The goal with CRO partners is to establish equivalent levels of global quality, as extensions of other research and development activities (by unification of standards of performance of alliance partners with best standards of industry). IT is gaining greater significance at each stage of clinical study and represent an inevitable element of the quality of a clinical study (for the purpose of monitoring of clinical site activities, data collection and management, medical monitoring, statistical programming, statistical analysis, clinical study reporting). Conclusion: CROs are able to maximize work within the CRO global development, to support the notion of a fully integrated outsourced company; facilitate the use of similar business processes and norms, reusing established CRO standards and improve CRO operational decision making within outsourced studies by providing consistent and current information across outsourced and in-house activities.

Animals have always been a source of food, materials, protection and wellbeing for humans; however, animal diseases, including zoonoses, have both direct and indirect negative effects on human health, economy and the society. Since its establishment, the veterinary profession has provided crucial input in eradicating disease, increasing animal production and reducing losses due to diseases. Currently, foodborne diseases and zoonoses have raised awareness in developed countries, which have excellent systems for disease surveillance and reporting both in humans and animal populations. Due to lack of modern, integrated surveillance and reporting, the burden of zoonoses and foodborne diseases in developing European countries is much harder to assess. Differences in countries’ animal health status (demonstrated through disease surveillance) have been a main pivot point for international trade of animals and animal products. However, rapid and dramatic evolvement of the health trends in the world changed the principles of animal disease surveillance. Approaches requiring lower cost (i.e. risk-based surveillance) are now proposed, not only due to less available public funding, but also because the costs are harder to justify to policy makers if a disease is exotic and/or rare. Therefore, the veterinary profession has faced insufficient interest of governments and funds for further research into many persistent endemic animal diseases and zoonoses. On the other hand, eradication of selected diseases in some areas while elsewhere they still persist, and the continuous emergence of new diseases, cannot guarantee permanent epidemiological stability. As food safety and security become more important, global trends and events have highlighted the biological, health and economic inseparability of the relationships between humans, animals as pets and/or food sources and wildlife within the social and ecological framework of living space that these species share. Veterinarians are called on and expected to offer strategic and operational solutions for better integration of public health systems (i.e. One Health), animal health, food safety and environmental protection. At the same time, the profession faces challenges in the organisation and implementation of surveillance and disease mitigation measures.

The fourth industrial revolution introduced additional requirements on the industrial systems' control software in order to cope with current manufacturing systems' flexibility demands. These requirements include, among others, a dynamic reconfigurability, software reusability and an external service orchestration. This work presents the design of an industry 4.0 compliant control software architecture resulting from an iterative design process. The architecture is based on the reconfiguration services of the IEC 61499 standard and the service orchestration via OPC UA. We demonstrate the software architecture's compliance to the industry 4.0 requirements on an aluminum cold rolling mill plant demonstrator.

In this paper, we report on the first data connected to the phenotype diversity of the Roma population from north/eastern Bosnia and its genetic relations with neighboring non-Roma populations. Genetic structure of the Roma and non-Roma population was analyzed considering on four the static-morphological and three the dynamic-morphological properties. A total of 847 samples have been collected from unrelated individuals in the area of the north/eastern Bosnia. The investigated parameters of genetic heterogeneity were estimated by: the recessive phenotypes frequency observed property, chi-squared test, exact-test, pairwise FST and genetic distance analysis. Estimation of genetic variability of the analyzed populations showed significant genetic differentiation between of the Roma and non-Roma population. The basic factors of the found significant genetic differentiation between the Roma and non-Roma population are a result of a high level of endogamy, the reproductive isolation of the Roma population and limited maternal gene flow with neighboring populations.