Isaacs Sedick, PhD (1940-2012) was born and grew up in the Bo-Kaap, Cape Town, Western Cape. From an early age, Isaacs was fascinated with science and was engaged in performing science experiments at home. At the age of 13, he was involved in distributing political pamphlets and attending meetings of the Teachers League of South Africa (TLSA) and the Non European Unity Movement (NEUM). After completing his education, Isaacs worked as teacher at Trafalgar High School in Cape Town. It was while teaching at the school that he met Achmad Cassiem. Isaacs with his knowledge of explosives tried to train some of his friends in the use of this. This attracted the attention of the security police who monitored their activities. Consequently,

Introduction: Folk medicine represents part of the folk culture, when we first think about the rural culture with characteristic of the rural population in the pre-industrial period. The difference between official and folk medicine is manifested in the education, knowledge and social status of those practicing folk medicine as well as their patients. The most common ways of treating were the treatment by use of herbs, magic and treatments based on religious beliefs. So, it is of no surprise that folk medicine was the main form of treatment for the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the past. In addition to many herbalists, quacks and religious officials who treated the patients with records, there were also spells, i.e. women who, by pronouncing various magic formulas, treated the patients. Each village had at least one person who practiced this type of treatment. Discussion: Numerous, original documents and records have been stored in the archives of the monastery throughout B&H, including very valuable literature in the field of medicine and pharmacy, which testifies of the very important role of Franciscans in the treatment of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most extensive health service of the Franciscans since their arrival in Bosnia in 1291 was the decadent era of Turkish rule, mostly from the 17th century until the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1978. In the sources of national thought, and on the basis of professional medical books, the Franciscans created recipes for the treatment of certain diseases, which they then collected in so-called „Ljekaruse” (Collections of folk recipes), and over time there was a lot of them. Most of the ljekarusa are hand-printed booklets, for some it is known the time and place of creation, and less often the author of the text. Ljekarusa is a very important source of information about our medical past. Some of them were processed and recorded, while a significant part of these manuscripts remained unknown to the general public. They included recipes for various diseases and the names they were called by the people. Professional terms were not used, nor were the illnesses and the recipes ordered in any order or systematic manner. We learn from them that our people were once treated in the absence of doctors and pharmacists. Most commonly mentioned are various herbs, animal parts, mineral substances, and some of these recipes can be even applied today. All medicines continue to be transcribed by the people and valued as good old medical receipts. Conclusion: This review article presents a book (ljekaruse) that was archived in several famous monasteries in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Only once we agree upon our understanding of what words really mean can we debate whether a concept, represented by those words, is or not well represented significantly in specific application. Conceptual clarity and predicative/impredicative competence are the fundamental components for managing information more effectively in Health Informatics, Healthcare and Medicine applications, while promoting innovation and creativity. Medicine was always the art and science of healing. The science became more and more a mechanistic technology in Healthcare; the art was dropped altogether. But uncertainty-as-problem in the past is slowly morphing into the evaluative concept of uncertainty-as-resource. The key change performance factor is education, distinguishing building on sand from building on rock for Health Informatics! Conceptual clarity, more than instrumental obsession is necessary. In this paper, we present the main concepts of fundamental biomedical enhanced knowledge formalization for Health Informatics and Wellbeing of the future.

Introduction: Quantifying science and scientific contribution has become one of the main tasks in evaluating researchers and their impact. How do we value research and science in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)? Scientific community has mostly agreed upon that one of the best ways to value researchers is through their h-index value. However, there are many databases and services from which h-index can be retrieved. Aim: To describe different databases and services such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Researchgate in evaluating the researcher. An additional aim of this paper is to present “the shape” of science at the University of Sarajevo and to examine what are the best predictors of h-index. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data from 100 Google Scholar Profiles of researchers from University of Sarajevo. Results: The study showed some benefits and shortcomings of mentioned databases and services. Most researchers in the sample were from natural sciences, in particular from the field of medicine. The mean value of h-index in relation to the researcher’s gender was not statistically significant. We conclude the article with some ideas on how to improve the visibility of researchers from BIH.

Introduction: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic irreversible interstitial sclerosis, for which over the last 25 years, chronic exposure to aristolochic acid from the contaminated cereal seeds has been considered the most likely cause. The aim of our research is to reevaluate trends of disease and to try to obtain new information about practical implementing of in-field screening of BEN, and to find indicators or a reliable biomarker for an early detection of the disease, especially for in field conditions. Patients and methods: Study was conducted in two phases (two groups of respondents). The first group related to respondents with BEN and microalbuminuria in the family. After filling out the questionnaire and following the consent of the respondents, their medical records were taken, and they were subjected to clinical examination and laboratory tests as well as to abdominal ultrasound and urinary tract examination. Results: For a long time, the disease is asymptomatic, with no hypertension, anemia or disturbed glucoregulation. Only A1M values were increased in the second group (16.22 mg), whereas A1M/CrUrine value was normal in both groups. Renal function in form of creatinine clearence and size of kidneys were in their referent values. Conclusion: The early stages of the disease are nonspecific, with no hypertension and disturbed glucoregulation, with normal renal function and blood count. The kidney size was in referent values. The only reliable symptom in the early stage of the renal disease was microalbuminuria.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (METS) represent a simultaneous presence of multiple metabolic disorders in one person. Prevalence is increasing worldwide, which is probably related to increased obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Non-alcoholic steatosis or “fatty liver” is a metabolic disease caused by fat dysfunction. It can be a sign of some other disease, and can often be found in patients with metabolic disorders. Ultrasound is an acceptable method for the identification of fatty steatosis. There is evidence that when turmeric is used as a herbal diet, with its active metabolite of curcumin, can repair fatty acidosis and thus prevent progression of fatty steatosis complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Goal. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 400 mg curcuminaddition to the nutrition on ultrasound morphological characteristics of the liver in METS patients. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 subjects with METS, treated in the family medicine practice of the Tuzla Canton, aged 35-70 years. The therapeutic effects of 400 mg curcumin on ultrasound-morphological characteristics of the liver were followed, validated by ultrasound in 50 respondents of experimental groups with METS. The data were processed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 statistical analysis program using parametric techniques andStudent’s t-test for paired samples. Results: There were 65% of women in the study. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of respondents within the analyzed groups. The use of 400 mg curcumin per day was statistically significantly improved ultrasound morphological characteristics of the liver in subjects with METS. Conclusion: All respondents with METS who used curcumin had beneficial effects on the morphological characteristics of the liver. Curcumin had stronger effects on subjects with METS and DM type 2 than others.

Contemporary learning processes in schools and universities could not be imagined without the use of computers and calculators. Naturally, all is good if they are used in order to acquire new knowledge or solve problems from expert subjects in technical schools, which demand large quantity of simple mathematical operations. However, what if frequent use of calculators, either pocket or those installed on every home and school computer, becomes an addiction in students who begin using them while calculating simple mathematical operations, such as multiplying or adding and detracting one-digit numbers or numbers smaller than 20, when they should know this by heart? We arrived at this hypothesis during knowledge tests for students after regular demonstrations and elaborations of Mathematics subject matter. In order to confirm or deny this hypothesis, generic/developmental method, that is, survey was used as one of research techniques (Selimović, 2013., p. 104). The survey was conducted in March during academic 2016/2017 and the sample consisted of 59 students in 2nd grade of Grammar School Tešanj.

Summary Introduction The aim of this research was to determine oral hygiene related habits, knowledge and behavior in children with asthma compared to healthy children. Methodology This study included 136 children, between 6 to 16 years of age, divided into the two groups. The first group included children with asthma (study group - SG), while the second included healthy children (control group - CG). A questionnaire containing three groups of questions related to oral-hygiene and dietery habits as well as oral health related behaviour in children was prepared. Results The percentage of children from SG that brush teeth several times a day was 60.2% compared to 77.2% of CG children (p<0.05). 19.1% of SG group children versus 38.2% of CG children brush their teeth longer than 2 minutes (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge about plaque impact on oral health between the two groups (p>0.05). More than half (52.9%) of CG respondents regularly visit dentist, while 50.0% of SG goes regularly (p<0.01). 51.5% of CG children visit the pediatric dentist due to preventive reasons, while SG children goes mainly due to rehabilitation of teeth (42.6%). The fear of dental procedures is more pronounced in SG compared to CG children (p<0.001). Conclusion Oral hygiene related habits and oral health behavior were worse in children with asthma, while no difference was found in relation to the knowledge among the observed groups.

Introduction: Accessory renal arteries play a significant role in kidney and abdominal aorta surgery, and renovascular hypertension. In the published literature, the frequency varies considerably, depending on the size of the sample, the method of examination and the ethnic group. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to determine the general frequency of accessory renal arteries, their frequency in relation to gender, the origin and the vascularization area, and to determine the differences in left-right and bilateral distribution. Results and Discussion: CT scans of 1357 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Accessory renal arteries were recorded in 35.5% of patients, with a statistically significant difference in male and female incidence (p<0.05) with a ratio of 1.4 : 1. Accessory arteries occur more commonly unilaterally (p<0.05) than bilaterally with a ratio of 4 : 1. Unilateral accessory renal arteries occur at approximately the same frequency at right and left side 1.1 : 1, without statistically significant differences in frequencies (p>0.05). Of the total number of noticed accessory renal arteries 76.7% was originated from abdominal aorta (AA), 23% from renal artery and 0.3% from CIA, with a ratio of 3.3: 1 : 0.0005. Conclusions: The study showed a relatively high frequency of accessory arteries and described their anatomy in detail, which can be of great importance in surgical interventions on abdominal aorta, kidneys, and in case of kidney transplantation.