Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a demora no processo de protecao de marcas no Brasil pelo INPI (Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual) por dois conjuntos de atores importantes nesse processo: os escritorios de marcas e patentes que requerem o registro das marcas, representando seus clientes, pessoas fisicas ou juridicas, e o proprio INPI, orgao responsavel pela efetiva protecao das marcas. Os problemas levantados a partir de entrevistas pessoais ou por e-mail foram compilados para que fosse possivel ter uma visao global das barreiras e dificuldades encontradas em tal processo. Por fim, os problemas levantados foram analisados como possiveis barreiras ao marketing de empresas que procuram registrar suas marcas no Brasil e foram apresentadas propostas para a evitacao e a mitigacao desses problemas. Palavras- chave: Propriedade intelectual; marcas; marketing empresarial.

Europska crna topola (Populus nigra L.) u Europi predstavlja jednu od ekološki najznačajnijih vrsta šumskog drveća ritskih šuma, a u nekim zemljama ona je i od gospodarskog značenja. U Bosni i Hercegovini, uz europsku crnu topolu raste i dlakava crna topola (Populus nigra subsp.caudina). Ovoj vrsti nije se u prošlosti poklanjao značajan interes, dok se danas intenzivno radi na njezinom očuvanju i revitalizaciji prirodnih sastojina, iako ima zemalja gdje je i dalje marginalizirana. U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji dobar potencijal za osnivanje topolovih šuma, a prema posljednjoj inventuri raspolaže se s površinom od oko 40 000 ha gdje mogu rasti topole, u malim čistim sastojinama ili većinom u mješovitim sastojinama s vrbom i drugim hidrofilnim vrstama drveća. Za molekularnu analizu koristili smo deset mikrosatelitskih početnica, odnosno analizirali smo deset genskih lokusa, s ukupno 422 alela u svim istraživanim populacijama, a sadržavali su 17 specifičnih alela. Broj alela po genskim lokusima za istraživane populacije kretao se od 1 do 17. Stvarna i teorijska heterozigotnost bila je najniža u populaciji Neretva, dok je najveća vrijednost bila u populaciji gornjeg toka Bosne. Fiksacijski indeks u svim populacijama bio je pozitivan i blizu nule, što ukazuje na dobru stabilnost istraživanih populacija, osim kod populacije Neretva, gdje su više vrijednosti upućivale na prisutnost inbridinga. Najveću genetsku diferencijaciju uz odsutnost protoka gena također pokazuje populacija Neretve, za razliku od ostalih istraživanih populacija. Dobiveni rezultati omogućuju preporuku potrebnih mjera za očuvanje genetskih izvora, te obnovu i uporabu klonskog šumskog reprodukcijskog materijala crnih topola u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Gatta ca (1997) represents an artistic view of a dystopian future in which the genetic engineering of humans is commonplace. Through the analysis of the ways in which motifs of discrimination and disability are used in this film, wider societal implications of the development of science and the consideration of humanity in western culture are considered. The paper discusses the argumentation for the idea that gene modification means espousing the role of the Creator, and seeks answers to the question of what it means to be human in a genetically deterministic world. The issue of new kinds of discrimination in a potential post-racial world is highlighted, and the possibility of achieving authenticity and the freedom to create one's own identity in a society wherein designed people are the norm is considered. Finally, the ideas and conclusions of numerous authors who dealt with the world of Gattaca are presented, and a new point of view is offered - one which puts the focus on the religious symbolism in the film, a surprisingly neglected motif in previous analyses.

Recently, Balkan virus (BALKV, family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus) was discovered in sand flies collected in Albania and genetically characterised as a member of the Sandfly fever Naples species complex. To gain knowledge concerning the geographical area where exposure to BALKV exists, entomological surveys were conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia and Serbia. A total of 2830 sand flies were trapped during 2014 and 2015 campaigns, and organised as 263 pools. BALKV RNA was detected in four pools from Croatia and in one pool from BH. Phylogenetic relationships were examined using sequences in the S and L RNA segments. Study of the diversity between BALKV sequences from Albania, Croatia and BH showed that Albanian sequences were the most divergent (9–11% [NP]) from the others and that Croatian and BH sequences were grouped (0.9–5.4% [NP]; 0.7–5% [L]). The sand fly infection rate of BALKV was 0.26% in BH and 0.27% in Croatia. Identification of the species content of pools using cox1 and cytb partial regions showed that the five BALKV positive pools contained Phlebotomus neglectus DNA; in four pools, P neglectus was the unique species, whereas P. tobbi DNA was also detected in one pool. We report here (i) the first direct evidence that the Balkan virus initially described in coastal Albania has a much wider dissemination area than originally believed, (ii) two real-time RT-PCR assays that may be useful for further screening of patients presenting with fever of unknown origin that may be caused by Balkan virus infection, (iii) entomological results suggesting that Balkan virus is likely transmitted by Phlebotomus neglectus, and possibly other sand fly species of the subgenus Larroussius. So far, BALKV has been detected only in sand flies. Whether BALKV can cause disease in humans is unknown and remains to be investigated.

BackgroundRecently, Balkan virus (BALKV, family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus) was discovered in sand flies collected in Albania and genetically characterised as a member of the Sandfly fever Naples species complex. To gain knowledge concerning the geographical area where exposure to BALKV exists, entomological surveys were conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia and Serbia.ResultsA total of 2830 sand flies were trapped during 2014 and 2015 campaigns, and organised as 263 pools. BALKV RNA was detected in four pools from Croatia and in one pool from BH. Phylogenetic relationships were examined using sequences in the S and L RNA segments. Study of the diversity between BALKV sequences from Albania, Croatia and BH showed that Albanian sequences were the most divergent (9–11% [NP]) from the others and that Croatian and BH sequences were grouped (0.9–5.4% [NP]; 0.7–5% [L]). The sand fly infection rate of BALKV was 0.26% in BH and 0.27% in Croatia. Identification of the species content of pools using cox1 and cytb partial regions showed that the five BALKV positive pools contained Phlebotomus neglectus DNA; in four pools, P neglectus was the unique species, whereas P. tobbi DNA was also detected in one pool.ConclusionsWe report here (i) the first direct evidence that the Balkan virus initially described in coastal Albania has a much wider dissemination area than originally believed, (ii) two real-time RT-PCR assays that may be useful for further screening of patients presenting with fever of unknown origin that may be caused by Balkan virus infection, (iii) entomological results suggesting that Balkan virus is likely transmitted by Phlebotomus neglectus, and possibly other sand fly species of the subgenus Larroussius. So far, BALKV has been detected only in sand flies. Whether BALKV can cause disease in humans is unknown and remains to be investigated.

A forma como uma organizacao constroi e transmite os seus conhecimentos e fundamental para obtencao do sucesso. O processo continuo de gestao do conhecimento e da aprendizagem no trabalho tornou-se estrategico para as organizacoes. Portanto, e relevante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que aprofundem o entendimento do assunto do ponto de vista formal da organizacao e da subjetividade do aprendiz e contemplem diferentes variaveis como grau de complexidade da tarefa, valores e crencas do individuo acerca da melhor forma de aprender a executar o trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo e analisar a relacao existente entre o modo como uma Instituicao da Rede Federal de Ensino viabiliza a aprendizagem do conhecimento e as estrategias utilizadas pelos gestores para aprender no trabalho. E resultado de um estudo de caso, com tratamento dos dados atraves de estatistica descritiva, inferencial e analise de conteudo; e apresenta uma discussao teorica a partir dos construtos Gestao do Conhecimento, Aprendizagem Organizacional e Estrategias de Aprendizagem. Os gestores da instituicao pesquisada percebem que a aprendizagem e viabilizada atraves do relacionamento e cooperacao e a busca de ajuda interpessoal e a estrategia mais utilizada. Concluiu-se que existe conceitualmente, mas nao estatisticamente, uma relacao entre a aprendizagem no nivel organizacional e individual.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between food contaminated with heavy metals and growing number of stomach adenocarcinoma patients in Tuzla Canton after flooding of the river Spreča catchment area. The scope of work is retrospective and prospective five-year study (2010-2015) of 1,000 patients, who had stomach adenocarcinoma surgery in the department of surgery, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, and answered questions about diet. The patients were predominantly male, aged 60 to 70 (1.5: 1). The data on heavy metal contamination in farmlands in the river catchment area were provided by the Federal Department of Agropedology. The malignity was reported to the department of public health in Tuzla Canton. The results showed an increase in number of patients with stomach adenocarcinoma in the industrially developed municipalities who consumed vegetables contaminated with heavy metals after the floods. The smallest number of patients who underwent stomach adenocarcinoma surgery comes from the municipalities situated out of the flood plain, where farmland was not contaminated. It is concluded that most of the patients having stomach adenocarcinoma came from the municipalities with contaminated agricultural soil. The diet included vegetables, meat, and dairy products.