MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes that is usually manifested before the 25-year of life. This type of diabetes is caused by defects in the primary insulin secretion. There are several types of MODY, which are monogenic diseases, where mutations in a single gene are responsible for a particular type of MODY. Currently, there are eleven types of MODY, from which the most common types are MODY 2 and MODY 3 (with mutations on GCK and HNF1A genes, respectively). We identified very rare MODY 7 type of diabetes in three family members by MLPA analysis.

Antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. provide the basis for suggesting that oregano plant extracts may be useful for prevention and treatment of many infection. The main goal of this study was to determine antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts from the leaves and flowers of Origanum vulgare. Antimicrobial testing of plant extracts was done using well diffusion method. Activity of extracts were tested against Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and five Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella abony ATCC 6017, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 31194, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and fungi Candida albicans ATCC 1023. Antibiotics ampicillin, streptomycin and antimycotic nystatin were used as positive controle. The antioxidant activity was determined by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The highest values for inhibition zone for methanolic and aqueous extracts were recorded for Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against tested Gram negative bacteria in variable degree while the growth of these bacteria was not inhibited by aqueous extracts. Tested fungi Candida albicans was not susceptible to investigated oregano extracts. All the extracts showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity, among which the methanolic flower extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 0.205 mg/mL. Therefore it can be concluded that flower and leaf oregano extracts have great antibacterial and antioxidant potential.

Cadmium (Cd) is abundant heavy metal with highly toxic effect on plants. The aim of presented study was to investigate the effect of seed priming using salicylic acid on cadmium tolerance in lettuce. The tolerance level was evaluated using germination speed and percentage, fresh and dry seedling weight, water and photosynthetic pigments content. Control seeds were primed using distilled water. In control plants cadmium induced reduction of germination rate, fresh and dry weight, water and chlorophyll content. Seed priming using salicylic acid, on the other hand, induced increased resistance of lettuce to cadmium toxicity. Increase in germination rate, fresh mass and water content were recorded for plants subjected to 5 mM Cd, grown from seeds primed using salicylic acid. Results obtained by this study suggested that salicylic acid can be used as priming agent in order to alleviate Cd toxicity on lettuce.

Bu calismanin amaci heavy hybrid hindilerin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarindaki duz kaslarda bulunan adrenerjik reseptorlerin olasi varligini in vitro kosullar altinda farkli konsantrasyonlarda non-selektif adrenerjik reseptor agonisti, noradrenalin, kullanarak belirlemektir. Calisma 24 besi hindisinde gerceklestirildi. Organ izolasyon cihazinda duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cekum ve kolonun muskuler longitudinal ve sirkuler tabakalarinda testler farkli konsantrasyonlarda noradrenalin hydrogentartarate solusyonu kullanilarak test edildi. Calisma besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarindaki duz kaslarda bulunan adrenerjik reseptorlerin olasi varligini ortaya koymdu. Noradrenalin’in longitudinal tabaka uzerindeki etkisi, besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarinda ki tunica muscularis sirkuler tabaka uzerinde ki etkisinden daha gucluydu (P<0.001). Farkli konsantrasyonlarda noradrenalin kullanimina iliskin olarak elde edilen sonuclarda da istatistiksel olarak anlamli farkliliklar vardi. Noradrenalinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarin farkli bolgelerindeki etkilerinde de onemli farkliliklar bulundu. Selektif agonistler ve α ve β reseptor antagonistleri kullanilarak, besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsak duz kaslarinda daha fazla arastirma yapilmasi gerekmektedir.

Inducing cell death in tumor cells has been recognized as a promising strategy in curing tumors. Parallely, natural products, especially those with long-known usage in folk medicine, are gaining demanding and extensive clinical interests. Aiming to contribute to overall knowledge of curcumin and luteolin antitumour potentials, we analyzed their effects on cell death induction in NFS-60 cell line, using Trypan blue exclusion assay and TransDetect® Anenexin V-EGFP/PI assay. Results show that both tested agents induce cell death, especially in higher applied concentrations, but further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind it.

As in many developing countries, Libya is still managing the solid waste improperly. This fact has led to increase the amount of solid wastes accumulated in the country. With low fuel costs, the companies make low consideration to the transportation cost. The research in municipal solid waste in Libya is rare, and focused on waste classification area. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the municipal solid waste management system in Misurata city, Libya, and to suggest a model which minimizes the total cost of waste management by adding a collection stations. The paper evalutes two models: in the first model only collection vehicles are used, and the waste transfered directly to the dumping site. In the second model collection sites are tested, and the best one is selected according to the total cost. ADD algorithm used in the second model. The second model showed that there is a reduction in the total distance travelled by the trucks up to 45%.

Biodiesel fuel is the realistic fuel for the future due to its environmental, economic and energetic benefits. However, the degradation and instability during biodiesel storage and application present the major disadvantages and hence a modern scientific challenge. The aim of this study was to choose optimal parameters for biodiesel synthesis from fresh and waste sunflower cooking oil and to investigate the possibilities of increasing its resistance towards oxidative degradation. Various physico-chemical characteristics essential for the quality estimation of the resulting biodiesel products were compared before testing the effectiveness of natural and synthetic antioxidants. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), carvacrol and α-tocopherol were added to the biodiesel in different concentrations in order to determine their efficiency during the Schaal oven test. Results proved that both, fresh and waste oil can be valuable sources for the synthesis of biodiesel that meets European and American quality standards. Among the antioxidants, BHT was the most efficient one in both types of biodiesel and its usage would be recommended at the concentration of 1000 ppm. The findings present a cost-effective and environmentally friendly source for biodiesel production with improved properties - considerably enhanced resistance to oxidative degradation, where synthetic antioxidants are given the priority. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i7.1174

Objective: This paper presents an algorithm for non-invasive sleep stage identification using respiratory, heart rate and movement signals. The algorithm is part of a system suitable for long-term monitoring in a home environment, which should support experts analysing sleep. Approach: As there is a strong correlation between bio-vital signals and sleep stages, multinomial logistic regression was chosen for categorical distribution of sleep stages. Several derived parameters of three signals (respiratory, heart rate and movement) are input for the proposed method. Sleep recordings of five subjects were used for the training of a machine learning model and 30 overnight recordings collected from 30 individuals with about 27 000 epochs of 30 s intervals each were evaluated. Main results: The achieved rate of accuracy is 72% for Wake, NREM, REM (with Cohen’s kappa value 0.67) and 58% for Wake, Light (N1 and N2), Deep (N3) and REM stages (Cohen’s kappa is 0.50). Our approach has confirmed the potential of this method and disclosed several ways for its improvement. Significance: The results indicate that respiratory, heart rate and movement signals can be used for sleep studies with a reasonable level of accuracy. These inputs can be obtained in a non-invasive way applying it in a home environment. The proposed system introduces a convenient approach for a long-term monitoring system which could support sleep laboratories. The algorithm which was developed allows for an easy adjustment of input parameters that depend on available signals and for this reason could also be used with various hardware systems.

From a small number of corporate bonds issued since the founding of the Banja Luka Stock Exchange to date, it is obvious that the domestic corporate bond market is in the initial stage of its development. The subject of this paper is to define the assumptions and limitations, i.e. possibilities of the development of the corporate bond market in the Republic of Srpska. The successful development of the bond market, in addition to the institutional and legal assumptions, is largely conditioned by the willingness of companies to emit bonds. On the other hand, it is the obligation and commitment of investors to invest in these securities. The aim of the research is to examine the potential supply and (potential) demand in next three years. The research was conducted using a two-part sur-vey. In the first part, managers in institutional investors in the domestic market were interviewed: investment funds, insurance companies and banks, 42 of them. In the second part, we examined the most significant joint-stock companies on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange, those that were part of the BIRS index and those that paid dividend, 66 of them. The results of the survey show the number of companies willing to finance their operations by issuing bonds and the number of investors willing to invest in these instruments. In addition, we will point to obstacles to the development and deepening of the market and the actual number of institutional investors willing to invest in corporate bonds.

The aim of this paper is to examine the roles of the Islamic voluntary sector in two jurisdictions –one is representing an Asian country, Malaysia, and the other is the newest Member State of European Union, Croatia. The investigation undertaken in the research is purely library-based, engaging in secondary data including written rules, guidelines and reports in both jurisdictions. The preliminary findings reveal that there are numerous voluntary efforts being carried out by numerous organizations in both jurisdictions (Malaysia and Croatia), in sectors such as public finance, education, quality of life and health. The research further found that these efforts could potentially bring huge impacts to the development and well-being of the society, in four different dimensions: social, finance, organizational, and legal. This research will contribute to the body of knowledge on voluntary sectors especially on the roles and implications of the voluntary sectors towards shared prosperity of the people and economy in Malaysia and Croatia.

Aim To assess the relationship between the clinical sign of excessive hip abduction (abduction of the hip 90 degrees or more) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods The research was conducted on 450 newborns in the Neonatal Unit at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the University Clinical Centre, Tuzla, between 30th August 2011 and 30th April 2012. Clinical (degree of hip abduction) and ultrasound examination of all newborns hip were performed using the Graf method on their first day of life. Results Clinical sign of excessive hip abduction showed significant predictive value for DDH. There were 37 (8.2%) newborns with the clinical sign of excessive hip abduction, of which 13 of them had DDH while 24 of them did not have this clinical sign. There were 89 newborns, in the overall sample, with one of the forms of DDH, 13 (12.7%) of them had this clinical sign, while from 324 newborns witouth DDH, 24 (6.9%) had this clinical sign. Excessive hip abduction had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 35.1% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 78.5% for DDH. Conclusion Excessive hip abduction is an useful and important clinical sign of DDH. Doctors who perform the first examination of the child after birth, would have to turn their attention to this clinical sign. The newborns with this clinical sign would have to go to an ultrasound examination of the hips for further diagnosis.

Background: Children with autism in their characteristics show a series of unusual reactions to stimuli in all areas of the sensory system. Aim: The aim of this paper was to compare the tactile and auditory processes, i.e. to determine the deficits of these processes by children with autism spectrum disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.) in relation to children with intellectual disabilities and children of the typical population. Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 105 children. During the survey, the method of proportional stratified sample was used and the data collection was carried out in 2017 on the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Short Sensory Profile was applied (Dunn, 1999) and through 13 items, Tactile Perception and Hearing Perception were examined. Results: It was found that 71.4% of children with autism had significant difficulties in the area of tactile perception and 65.7% in the area of hearing perception. Tactile and hearing sensitivity is also common by children with intellectual disabilities, which undermines the inclusion of the difficulty of sensory processing as a key diagnostic criterion for autism.