Take Home Message Real-world treatment of synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma with nivolumab + ipilimumab yields encouraging overall survival. Exceptional responders show excellent survival, even without deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy. Currently recruiting trials of deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy are likely to underestimate eventual survival in their control arms.

STEM is an acronym that stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It represents a broad educational focus aimed at developing problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and innovation. STEM education integrates these four disciplines to encourage students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of how various fields interconnect. This study focuses on the static and kinematic analysis of a scissor lift STEM toy, utilizing both analytical methods and design software simulations. The first objective is to develop a detailed 3D model of the toy’s scissor lift mechanism based on physical measurements and observations. The model is then analysed using computer-aided design (CAD) software to evaluate its static equilibrium and motion characteristics. The results from the software simulations are compared with the analytical findings. The study contributes to understanding the mechanical behaviour of scissor lift mechanisms and demonstrates the advantages and limitations of different analysis approaches.

Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier but its storing is challenging. For that reason, alternative hydrogen storage approaches are being intensively researched. Solid state storing of hydrogen in the form of ammines offers certain advantages, such as high storage capacity and relatively low toxicity. Therefore, in this work hexaammine complexes of nickel chloride and nickel bromide were prepared and investigated. Ni(NH3)6Cl2 and Ni(NH3)6Br2, were obtained by precipitation synthesis. The prepared complexes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The prepared particles are polydisperse, agglomerated and show a characteristic octahedral morphology. The samples consist solely of pure, well-crystalline, corresponding hexaamine complexes. Ni(NH3)6Br2 shows somewhat weaker nitrogen bonds with the central cation and weaker hydrogen bonds with halogen compared to Ni(NH3)6Cl2. Thermal analyses have shown that under the experimental conditions used, ammonia is released from Ni(NH3)6Cl2 in three stages, while in the case of Ni(NH3)6Br2, decomposition occurs in two stages. This difference is a consequence of the kinetic parameters of the desorption process. The maximum of the first stage of desorption occurs for the Ni(NH3)6Cl2 sample at a slightly lower temperature than for the Ni(NH3)6Br2 sample, which is attributed to thermodynamic factors.

The biodiversity of the gut flora is widely accepted as a key indicator of human health. The diversity of gut flora depends on age, lifestyle, diet and the use of certain drugs, especially antibiotics. The normal flora is called the microbiota, and the entire genetic material of all microorganisms makes up the microbiome. Probiotics have functions from digesting food, absorbing nutrients to modulating immunity. The purpose of this review is to point out the importance of proper nutrition, as well as the importance of the rational use of antibiotics in order to preserve the biodiversity of the gut flora, which contributes to human health. Articles were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO databases. The research was limited to articles published between 2010 and 2026. Irrational use of antibiotics disrupts the gut flora, which can cause inflammatory bowel diseases, increase intestinal permeability, impairing individual health. The use of oral probiotics with antibiotics can be important in preserving the gut microbiota, and can also help in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Taking probiotics helps build a diverse population of beneficial gut bacteria before infection occurs, so it is especially recommended to take them during the season of foodborne infections (like summer). The combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii has proven to be beneficial. After stopping oral probiotics, the microbiota continues to form depending on the diet. Biodiversity of gut flora is different in each person, although it is quite similar among family members with a common environment and diet. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Fragments of two Roman limestone sarcorphagi decorated with a motif of mourning Eros and mourning shepherd/ Attis Tristis from Aureus Mons (today Seone), a Roman settlement on the Upper Moesian Limes in the immediate vicinity of Singidunum , are kept in the Museum in Smederevo. The study based on documentation and preserved fragments proposes a reconstruction of these sarcophagi, researching their typology, iconography, and closest Pannonian and Upper Moesian analogy. It aspires towards a better understanding of local sarcophagus production and the influences that came from Pannonia.

The complete set of one-loop anomalous dimensions for general Effective Field Theories (EFTs) is derived using on-shell methods. Combined with previous findings for the bosonic sector, the obtained results conclude the computation of the complete set of leading order Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) in arbitrary gauge EFTs containing scalar and fermion fields. Renormalization effects are consistently taken into account at the order $1/\Lambda^2$ in the new physics scale $\Lambda$ for all renormalizable and non-renormalizable couplings. The obtained template RGEs include operator mixing across different dimensions and are valid for arbitrary gauge groups.

Network slicing enables multiple virtual networks to share physical resources, allowing network operators to deliver highly customizable and efficient networking solutions that meet the diverse requirements of modern applications. Automating the deployment and runtime management of network slices is essential for supporting network scaling with minimal human intervention. With several applications with different performance requirements, the manual configuration of slices is infeasible. Different initiatives have investigated methods in which network operators define high-level Key Performance Indicators that a network must deliver to networked applications, while the details of how to achieve these goals are abstracted by underlying control systems. Many works in the literature present a top-down approach, focusing on the high-level decision processes and relying on abstracted infrastructure managers and simulation tools to apply/execute such decisions. In this work, we leverage components that we previously developed for network monitoring, traffic shaping, and Software-Defined Time-Sensitive Networking to create a bottom-up approach toward automated slice management driven by Quality of Service goals. We describe the intricate coordination of elements required for an automated control loop and present the results achieved with a proof of concept executed in a real testbed of wired and Wi-Fi nodes. The applications use the data models introduced in this work to inform their requirements to the control plane. The control plane correctly prepares the network by applying rules for monitoring, traffic classification, and traffic shaping, effectively creating slices with different performance profiles for each application. Lastly, we present results using our control loop that continuously monitors each flow, identifies issues affecting the network performance, and takes corrective actions to reestablish the intended performance level of the applications.

The thermal stability and structural evolution of a GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure grown on a Si (111) substrate were investigated using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), reciprocal space mapping (RSM), Raman spectroscopy, and rocking-curve (RC) analysis at varying temperatures. The heterostructure, consisting of a p-GaN cap, an AlGaN barrier, and a GaN channel supported by two AlGaN/AlGaN superlattice (SL) buffer layers, maintained clear and periodic satellite peaks up to a temperature of 1000 deg C, confirming excellent structural integrity. Symmetric and asymmetric RSM results reveal that both the Si and GaN diffraction peaks shift to lower angles with increasing temperature, consistent with thermal expansion, and show no significant broadening or relaxation throughout the heating process. The c-lattice constant follows the theoretical expansion predicted by the multi-frequency Einstein model, whereas the a-lattice expansion is slower due to in-plane strain constraints imposed by the underlying Si substrate and buffer layers. Rapid lattice contraction during the fast-cooling stage induces a residual compressive strain of approximately 0.3 percent in the GaN channel after cooling. Raman spectra further confirm this strain state through a blue shift of approximately 1.5 cm-1 of the GaN E2 (high) phonon mode, corresponding to an in-plane strain of about 0.2 percent. Rocking-curve analysis reveals an increase in both screw and edge dislocation densities by 28 percent and 12 percent, respectively. These results collectively demonstrate that the GaN HEMT heterostructure exhibits robust crystalline stability up to 1000 deg C, with only minor strain redistribution and limited dislocation activity, providing experimental evidence for GaN device applications under high-temperature conditions.

Let $X$ be an orbisurface, meaning a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface possibly with a finite number of elliptic points, and let $X_1$ denote its unit tangent bundle. We consider the twisted Selberg zeta function $Z(s;\rho)$ associated to a representation $\rho: \pi_1(X_1) \to \text{GL}(V_\rho)$. We prove a relation between the twisted Selberg zeta function $Z(s;\rho)$ and the regularized determinant of the twisted Laplacian associated to $\rho$. These results can be viewed as a generalization of a result due to Sarnak who considered the trivial character. Yet our proof is different, as it is based on evaluation of the Laplace-Mellin type integral transformations. Going further, we explicitly compute the multiplicative constant, which we call the torsion factor, and express its dependence on parameters which determine the representation. We study the asymptotic behavior of the constant for a sequence of non-unitary representations introduced by Yamaguchi and prove that the asymptotic behavior of this constant as the dimension of the representation tends to infinity is the same as the behavior of the higher-dimensional Reidemeister torsion on $X_1$ (up to an absolute constant).

Abstract.

BACKGROUND: In the case of failed reperfusion or severe stenosis during endovascular treatment of acute stroke, intracranial stenting is a growing practice. We aimed to study clinical and radiological outcomes in a large multicenter cohort. METHODS: The RESISTANT registry (Registry of Endovascular Salvage for Intracranial Stenting in Thrombectomy-Refractory Stroke; 2016–2023) is a multicenter single-arm retrospective registry of patients with acute stroke who underwent intracranial stenting during endovascular treatment across 36 international centers. The primary end point was functional outcome at 90 days. Secondary end points were final successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, 2b-3) and stent patency at 24 hours. Safety outcomes included procedural complications, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression models including those variables that achieved statistical significance, along with age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and baseline modified Rankin Scale, were used to define independent predictors. RESULTS: Among 904 patients enrolled, 876 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median age was 67.0 (interquartile range, 59.0–77.0) years, 567 (64.8%) were men, and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 12.0 (interquartile range, 7.0–19.0). Anterior circulation was involved in 624 (71.6%), and the rate of tandem extracranial/intracranial occlusion was 4.9%. Stenting was performed in 469 patients (53.5%), owing to failed reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, 0-2a), and in 320 patients (36.5%) because of residual severe stenosis. After stenting, immediate successful recanalization was achieved in 777 (89.5%). At 90 days, the rate of modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 was 41.2%. The number of thrombectomy attempts (adjusted odds ratio, 0.810 [95% CI, 0.707–0.929]; P=0.003) and the final successful recanalization (adjusted odds ratio, 19.394 [95% CI, 5.486–68.560]; P<0.001) were associated with good functional outcome. During admission, the reocclusion rate was 12.2%, most of them within 48 hours. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed in 8.4% of patients; no variables were independently associated with a higher probability. CONCLUSIONS: Acute intracranial stenting was a feasible therapy for patients with failed reperfusion or severe stenosis. Successful reperfusion and a lower number of thrombectomy attempts predicted functional outcome. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm efficacy and safety.

Rad se bavi obradom instituta tužbe u kontekstu odnosa prema tuženiku od same forme i sadržaja tužbe, dostave tuženiku na odgovor te procesno-pravnih posljedica nedostavljanja odgovora na tužbu. Cilj istraživanja je rekonstrukcija instituta tužbe i dostavljanja odgovora na tužbu kroz prizmu nastupanja litispendencije i raspravnog načela u zadarskom srednjovjekovlju u razmatranju sudskih spisa zadarske Curia maior ciuilium u razdoblju od 1358. do 1409. U radu se na početku obrađuje institut tužbe u rimskom postupku da bismo mogli usporediti na koji način u srednjovjekovnom zadarskom građanskom postupku je reguliran sadržaj tužbe, forma, dostavljanje i odgovor na tužbu. Na kraju rada dajemo prikaz de lege lata uređenja odnosa tužbe i odgovora na tužbu u hrvatskom parničnom postupku.

U radu je istaknuta uloga Univerziteta u Sarajevu – Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta kao baštinske institucije i vrijednost njegova arhiva u istraživanju razvoja prirodnih i matematičkih znanosti u Bosni i Hercegovini. Posebna je pažnja posvećena vrednovanju registraturnoga (dokumentarnoga) gradiva u dijelu arhiva koji je u Studentskoj službi Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta uporabom elektroničkog (“automatiziranog”) sustava rada studentskih službi na Univerzitetu u Sarajevu. Dokumentacijskom i komparativnom metodom utvrđen je nestanak jednoga dijela dokumenata iz digitalnoga arhiva koji svjedoče o svakodnevnom životu Fakulteta i jednoga dijela njegove populacije, čime su oni isključeni iz društvenoga sjećanja, i čije postojanje još uvijek čuva tzv. “tiskani arhiv” Studentske službe, s gradivom u konvencionalnom, papirnatom obliku. Također, nazire se tendencija potpunoga nestanka pojedinih povijesno važnih podataka iz oba arhiva. Taj je nestanak izravna posljedica digitalne revolucije i položaja čovjeka u postdigitalnom dobu, kao i položaja arhiva Studentske službe Fakulteta i njegova utjecaja na percepciju stvarnosti i bogatstvo kulturnoga nasljeđa Bosne i Hercegovine.

The increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission causes climate change, which manifests itself through global warming, so the reduction of CO2 emissions is considered an important challenge for environmental protection. Road traffic is one of the main anthropogenic sources of CO2, as well as other gases that cause the greenhouse effect, so traffic is designated as one of the main causes of global warming. This situation has led to thinking about strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from road traffic. This paper considers the impact of road traffic on CO2 emissions, including various aspects of traffic such as fuel types, vehicle types and efficiency, traffic infrastructure and strategies to reduce its emissions. For this purpose, the results of research published in the last decade were summarized and compared. Based on the presented results, it is noticeable that CO2 emission is a necessary companion of road traffic and that it increases along with the increase in the number of vehicles and the use of fossil fuels, but also that significant efforts are being made to reduce its emission. The work provides the basis for further research and development of strategies that affect the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which will reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming.