This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the morphology and porosity of microstructured charcoal using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), computed tomography (CT), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) methods. SEM analysis revealed a parallel arrangement of tube-like structures interspersed with smaller pores, confirming the presence of fibrous formations. MIP evaluation was conducted in two research series. MIP results identified macropores as the primary contributors to mercury intrusion; however, a minor volume of mercury also intrudes to the mesopores. The total pore area was determined to range between 70.7 and 88.5 m2·g−1, with porosity values of approximately 58.0–62.4% across different experimental series. These variations highlight the heterogeneous nature of the sample. Additionally, the uniformity of the charring process during dry wood distillation was indicated by wall thickness measurements, which ranged narrowly from 5.7 to 25 µm.

Since rainwater extracts toxic metals from landfills, creating harmful leachate, developing methods to remove these metals is necessary. This work presents a method of toxic metal ions removal from a loam-type soil consisting of washing the soil with a mild washing agent to extract toxic metals in a leachate, and a purification of the leachate by filtering it through a synthesized graphene oxide (GO) membrane. As washing agents, the pure water and a mild solution of HCl (0.01 M) were tested. The GO membrane was synthesized using natural Madagascar graphite. The solution of HCl showed a significantly higher washing efficiency of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) cations than pure water due to its acidic nature. An intrinsic GO membrane with an interlayer distance of 0.68- 0.74 nm (before and after filtration) and a thickness of ~0.70 ?m yielded rejections of 99.80%, 96.15%, and 44.00% for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that ions are retained in the GO interfaces due to the narrow interlayer distance, leading to membrane fouling. Nevertheless, the high rejections of Pb(II) and Cd(II) support the possibility of purifying landfill soil leachate by the GO membrane

Intensity of electromagnetic pollution is followed by rapid increasing of new telecommunication technologies over the years. In order to prevent enlarged exposed of general population with doses of electromagnetic radiation above allowed for general population, living as well as working environment around antenna systems should be tested. Using sophisticated measurement equipment we measure intensity of electric field emitted from base station located at shopping center in urban zone of the Banja Luka city. Theoretical estimation of exposition was preceded to measurement procedure, resulting in mapping of exposure at different altitude around antenna system. This thorough investigation of electromagnetic pollution will become a part of typical systematic testing of high frequency non-ionizing radiation pollution. Tested area, around shopping center, where are located educational institution and sports center is found safe from emitted radiation.

The study presents results of the measurements of the atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentration and simultaneous meteorological variables: average temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity, speed and wind direction. The data were collected from July 2015 to June 2017 at stations located in Banja Luka (locality Centre). Nitrogen dioxide is one of the major environmental pollutants which has negative impact on plants growth, atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Levels of nitrogen dioxide in air samples and meteorological variables from urban zone of Banja Luka were determined at locality, which is highly populated area, with intensive traffic. The study presents average measured values of nitrogen dioxide, together with maximal and minimal values and relationship between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological variables, i. e. for pollution modelling together with meteorological variables. Statistical analysis confirms string of rolls, which shows directional connection between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological variables. Correlation between nitrogen dioxide and temperature (r= -0.207), wind speed (r= -0.130) and relative humidity (r= -0.048) was negative and significant during the measurement period.