<p>Rad sadrži prikaz slučaja provođenja mjere nadzora nad ostvarivanjem roditeljskog staranja koja je jedna od mjera zasnovana u Porodičnom zakonu FBiH, dio Prava i dužnost roditelja i djece, pod-dio Za&scaron;tita prava i interesa djece, Član 125. Nadzor nad ostvarivanjem roditeljskog staranja, stav 1 do 6. Mjera nadzora se utvrđuje ukoliko su roditelji zanemarili staranje o zdravlju i odgoju djeteta, ili kada je roditeljima potrebna pomoć u odgoju djeteta. U kontekstu provedbe nadležni organ starateljstva određuje program nadzora, kao i osobu koja će pratiti razvoj djeteta, kontrolirati postupke roditelja, podnositi periodične izvje&scaron;taje organu starateljstva i poduzimati druge mjere u interesu djeteta. Roditelj se ovom mjerom obavezuje da će redovno posjećivati organ starateljstva, odgojne ili zdravstvene ustanove ukoliko za to postoje opravdani razlozi, te da će periodično obavje&scaron;tavati o mjerama koje poduzimaju prema djetetu.</p>

While modern FPGAs typically implement programmable logic using $\mathrm{4}-\mathrm{6}$-input LUTs, the Cologne Chip GateMate FPGA instead adopts a LUT-tree architecture, among several other distinctive features. We analyze its design trade-offs and support our findings with results from a targeted benchmark suite. LUT-trees prove less efficient for combinational logic than LUTs. Equivalent RTL designs (excluding DSPs) require ${1 0 - 3 0 \%}$ more programmable elements (CPEs) in GateMate than in comparable FPGAs. We observed a reduced logic-area efficiency, and the 1:1 flip-flop (FF) to logic ratio yields $30 \% \text{FF}$ under-utilization across diverse RTL designs. Comparative evaluation with a peer FPGA demonstrates that GateMate is suited for deeply pipelined applications with modest DSP and control requirements. Lack of timing-driven place and route, distributed RAM and DSP blocks limits usability for arithmetic-heavy, monolithic designs. We conclude that its dual-port block RAM and FF-dense fabric are strengths in particular application domains. Improved LUT-tree-optimized logic synthesis and constraint-driven place and route are required to increase its competitiveness.

This paper investigated the withdrawal capacity of the double-threaded nuts mounted in 3Dprinted materials. The basic technical properties and the withdrawal force of the double-threaded nuts for the specimens made of PLA, WPLA, and layered WPLA+PLA configuration (with and without STP adhesive) were investigated. The results are compared with the literature data of withdrawal force for beech wood, MDF, and particleboard with and without the adhesive. The research has determined the effects of the properties of 3D printed materials (density, compressive and tensile strength), the infill and printing patterns, and adhesive on withdrawal capacity of double-threaded nuts. Double-threaded nuts mounted with adhesive had higher withdrawal forces (about 25 % for PLA and WPLA specimens, and 15 % for layered WPLA+PLA specimens) than those mounted without adhesive. The highest values of withdrawal forces, regardless of the adhesive, were obtained for layered WPLA+PLA configuration, followed by WPLA, and the lowest for PLA. No significant difference was found between the withdrawal forces for WPLA and layered WPLA+PLA specimens for both cases – with and without an adhesive. The withdrawal forces of double-threaded nuts for the PLA specimens were higher than the withdrawal forces for the beech (16.7 % mounted without adhesive and 11.6 % mounted with an adhesive), and other combinations showed a difference higher than 35 % in favor of 3D printed materials. The present analysis, which determinesand compares used traditional dismountable connectors in 3D-printed furniture elements, is applicable for research and practice.

<p>The research offers a comprehensive insight into the interplay between participation in cultural activities, digital engagement, and the perceived socio-economic impact of culture within the local community. The findings show that respondents report a moderately high level of involvement in cultural events and strongly recognise culture as a driver of social cohesion, which is further confirmed by the nearly perfect correlation between cultural participation and the sense of connectedness. Digital platforms, although somewhat less frequently used, display a remarkably strong association with overall cultural engagement, indicating that digital culture complements rather than replaces traditional forms of participation. Respondents also acknowledge the economic benefits of cultural manifestations&mdash;particularly through tourism and local spending&mdash;although the link between economic perception and individual participation remains modest. Agerelated differences suggest that younger participants most strongly emphasise culture&rsquo;s cohesive role, while middle-aged respondents show greater sensitivity to its economic potential. Taken together, these findings support the need for an integrated cultural development model that combines digital transformation, active community participation, and systematic statistical monitoring of cultural impacts, with the aim of enhancing long-term quality of life within local communities.</p>

<p>Amid volatile markets and rising ecological pressures, agile management is emerging as the strategic backbone of circular transformation. Traditionally tied to software development and product innovation, agile thinking now transcends methodology&mdash;it has become a regenerative mindset capable of navigating the complexity of circular economy models. This paper reframes agile management through a sustainability lens, highlighting key competencies such as iterative experimentation, systemic thinking, and cross-functional collaboration as vital to enabling restorative and resource-efficient business practices. By integrating agile principles with circular design elements like closed-loop systems, modularity, and extended product lifecycles, the study demonstrates how organizations can fast-track the development and scaling of circular innovations. Two real-world cases illustrate this dynamic in practice: Philips&rsquo; shift toward modular, service-centric product architectures, and IKEA&rsquo;s mission to become fully circular by 2030 through renewable sourcing, product take-back schemes, and design-fordisassembly. These examples underscore how agile approaches foster resilience, customer centricity, and strategic flexibility in a resource-constrained world. For emerging economies such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, applying agile circular practices offers an opportunity to accelerate EU alignment, strengthen competitiveness, and stimulate local innovation ecosystems across key sectors.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The paper applies a comparative method to analyse the digital transformation of public administration in the Western Balkan countries &ndash; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. The results show that 23&ndash;49% of the population possesses basic digital skills, while internet usage exceeds 80%, confirming a gap between access to<br />technology and the ability to use it. Transactional e-services are most developed in Albania, where a digital component is present in over 95% of public services. In contrast, Bosnia and Herzegovina records less than 20%, while Montenegro and North Macedonia do not exceed 25%. Serbia demonstrates moderate progress, particularly through its e-tax system. The greatestchallenges relate to interoperability and preparedness for the EU Single Digital Gateway: Bosnia and Herzegovina shows the lowest, and Serbia a relatively high but still insufficient level of integration. Compliance with the GDPR is partial, while cybersecurity capacities remain limited in most countries. Transparency and open data are most advanced in Albania and Serbia. The analysis confirms a correlation between digital skills, the number of e-services and interoperability, indicating<br />that institutional capacities and human capital determine the efficiency of digital governance. Regional disparities are reinforced by institutional fragmentation, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while policy recommendations emphasise strengthening digital skills, interoperability and the regulatory framework.</p>

The escalating production and use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have led to a pressing need for efficient and sustainable methods for recycling valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium from spent cathode materials. Traditional hydrometallurgical leaching approaches, based on mineral acids, face significant limitations, including high reagent consumption, secondary pollution, and poor selectivity. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as innovative, environmentally benign alternatives, offering tunable physicochemical properties, enhanced metal selectivity, and potential for reagent recycling. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects of leaching LIB cathode materials using DES and ILs. We summarize the structural diversity and composition of common LIB cathodes, highlighting their implications for leaching strategies. The mechanisms, efficiency, and selectivity of metal dissolution in various DES- and IL-based systems are critically discussed, drawing on recent advances in both laboratory and real-sample studies. Special attention is given to the unique extraction mechanisms facilitated by complexation, acid–base, and redox interactions in DES and ILs, as well as to the effects of key operational parameters. A comparative analysis of DES- and IL-based leaching is presented, with discussion of their advantages, challenges, and industrial potential. While DES offers low toxicity, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness, it may suffer from limited solubility or viscosity issues. Conversely, ILs provide remarkable tunability and metal selectivity but are often hampered by higher costs, viscosity, and environmental concerns. Finally, the review identifies critical bottlenecks in upscaling DES and IL leaching technologies, including long-term solvent stability, metal recovery purity, and economic viability. We also highlight research priorities that emphasize applying circular hydrometallurgy and life-cycle assessment to improve the sustainability of battery recycling.

We report an infrequent case of a full-term male neonate presenting with a large congenital hernia of the umbilical cord (6 cm × 6 cm) containing only the entire left lobe of the liver. Prenatal ultrasonography suggested an omphalocele; however, the definitive postnatal diagnosis was established based on the presence of a narrow rim of normal skin encircling the umbilical ring and the proximal umbilical cord. Primary closure of the fascial defect was achieved successfully, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged in stable condition. Accurate differentiation from an omphalocele is crucial for appropriate management. Unlike omphaloceles, congenital hernias of the umbilical cord (CHUC) typically do not require extensive genetic or cardiac evaluation, and their surgical repair is generally less complex. However, awareness of atypical presentations of CHUC can aid in timely diagnosis, guide surgical planning, and improve clinical outcomes.

Utilizing ornamental plants for phytoremediation provides multiple benefits: they enhance the visual attractiveness of their surroundings and are predominantly non-edible, thus decreasing the chances of bioaccumulation in the food chain. To assess the effectiveness of bluemink (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.) and French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) in removing Cu and Zn from artificially contaminated substrate, a 6-week pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences at Sarajevo University. The experiment consisted of four contamination treatments for each heavy metal examined specifically 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 for Zn, and 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 for Cu, with three replication for each treatment. The Zn and Cu levels in the plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after the acid  digestion process. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were used to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of the plants. BAF values determined in this study suggest that both plants, bluemink and French marigold, could be regarded as potential hyperaccumulators of Zn, particularly in the case of their long-term cultivation on contaminated soil. 

This study presents the first documented case of healing in the deep-sea sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo), a poorly understood species in the Mediterranean Sea. A juvenile specimen that sustained a traumatic mandibular fracture with extensive soft-tissue avulsion, which likely resulted from de-hooking during a previous longline capture, was retrieved dead by a bottom trawler in the southern Adriatic Sea. Gross pathological and radiographic examinations confirmed that the injury remained isolated to the mandibular region, with no abnormalities detected in the splanchnocranium or the musculoskeletal system. Evidence of advanced healing and scar tissue formation was observed, and stomach content analysis revealed active feeding had occurred despite the injury, suggesting that severe mandibular trauma may not have impaired prey capture or consumption. The documented healing indicates that survival following severe mandibular injury and longline capture is possible in H. perlo, in contrast to the high at-vessel mortality previously recorded for this species in bottom-trawl fisheries. However, this conclusion remains tentative, and our findings highlight the need for further research into the recovery capacity of deep-sea shark species that are impacted by commercial fishing, which is crucial for informing conservation strategies and fishery management.

Bosnia and Herzegovina represents a unique case of aid recipient for its complex history and administrative and political divisions. Yet, little is known about how foreign aid is allocated to local recipients. This qualitative study uncovers factors shaping sub‐national aid allocation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting donors' and recipients' perspectives on allocation decision‐making in this postconflict, posttransitional context. The study identifies five interacting factors: (i) capable performers, (ii) avoiding uneven development of the country, (iii) leaving a significant footprint, (iv) wider strategies and principles and a rather subsidiary factor of (v) helping where the need is perceived. They encompass practical considerations of recipients' capabilities and needs, aid effectiveness principles, donors' preferences and political notions of enhancing collaboration between state entities and balanced development. The article provides the basis for studying the effects of local aid distribution on regional disparities, as these proved to prompt political contestations.

Introduction: Social support is very important in the educational transition for the promotion of well-being and transition among students of all ages, cultural identities, and educational levels. Support from parents, friends, teachers, and other relevant persons contribute to the academic, social, and emotional development of 1st-year undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The convenience sampling method was used to determine the sample. The research included 148 students of the 1st year of the first cycle of studies at the Faculty of Health Studies. The instruments used in the research are the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and the Mental Health Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Out of the total number of respondents, n = 126 (85.10%) perceived a high level, n = 17 (11.50%) a moderate level, while n = 5 (3.40%) a low level of social support. Out of the total number of 148 respondents, n = 70 (47.30%) belonged to the category of high positive mental health, n = 67 (45.30%) belonged to the category of moderate positive mental health, while n = 11 (7.40%) of the respondents characterized their mental health as low positive mental health. It was established that there is a medium-strong relation, with a positive sign, in correlation between positive mental health and perceived social support. Conclusion: The research results indicate a direct connection between perceived social support and positive mental health in the 1st year of the first cycle of University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Health Studies students, which indicates the importance of providing social support as an important resource for preserving the mental health of students during their studies.

Introduction: Acquired gallbladder diseases in the pediatric population, although rare, are becoming increasingly recognized in clinical practice. The growing number of pediatric cholecystectomies may be attributed to improved diagnostic modalities as well as to shifts in etiological patterns, including the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders among children and adolescents.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of pediatric patients who underwent cholecystectomy at the Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, University of Sarajevo, between 2010 and 2024.Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 41 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Medical records were reviewed to collect data on clinical presentation and disease course. Based on the median age within the sample, patients were stratified into two groups: children under 14 years and those aged 14 years or older.Results: 41 patients were included in the study, comprising 25 (61%) girls and 16 (39%) boys. Between 2010 and 2024, the number of cholecystectomized patients increased by 11.2% annually (p = 0.0057). The median patient age was 14 years. The mean BMI was 23.2 ± 4.66 kg/m²; 51.22% of patients were overweight, and 4.88% were obese. The most frequent diagnosis was chronic calculous cholecystitis, confirmed in 36 patients (87.8%). Spherocytosis was documented in 7 patients (17.7%). Multiple gallstones were present in 29 patients (74.36%), and the majority of sonographically detected gallstones (31 patients, 79.49%) were smaller than 5 mm. Smaller stones tended to occur more frequently (p = –0.53, p < 0.001). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 37 patients (90.24%). The average length of hospitalization decreased by approximately 11.9% annually (p < 0.01). Gallstone color was reported in the histopathological findings of 16 patients (41.03%), of which 9 were cholesterol (56.25%) and 7 pigment stones (43.75%). With each additional year of age, the risk of undergoing cholecystectomy increased by 21.5% (p < 0.01). Pigment stones were significantly more frequent in children under 14, while cholesterol stones predominated in those aged 14 years or older (p = 0.0406).Conclusion: The incidence of gallbladder disease is continuously increasing in the pediatric population. Obesity and older pediatric age are significant risk factors for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the standard treatment approach.

Key management strategies are a critical yet often overlooked aspect of integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) networks as a service into critical infrastructure. It has a considerable impact on the efficiency of QKD network services, thereby shaping its suitability for diverse applications. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of key management strategies developed through practical testbeds, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, organization of key storage to enhance key construction efficiency and overall service performance is introduced. Using simulation tools, the proposed strategy is evaluated against existing approaches, demonstrating superior performance and effectiveness.