Throughout history, built environment developed intuitively on empirical experience led by trial and error. Such approach provided resilience and evolvement of patterns that guided spatial organization. Newer interventions in the rural environment resulted in disconnected spatial fragments. By comparing vernacular and contemporary planning and construction practice in the natural park Blidinje, the authors tried to identify the reason for which contemporary interventions resulted in new patterns in spatial planning, ones completely unfamiliar for this geographical area. They identified the reason in the fact that men started to treat the natural space as a commodity, forcing stakeholders to be led primarily by economic principles. Such principles are rigid and linear, instead of contextual in this matter. At the same time, the environmentally sound approach should respect complexity of whole endeavor aiming to achieve diversity and variability. The models developed based on complexity theory and self-organization should preserve continuity and integrity of the place and man. Contemporary Rural Settlements: New Paradigm for Planning and Constructing Rural Settlements Based on Complexity Theory

Generated power of thermal power plant is closely related to efficient work of cooling towers, via condenser pressure affected by output temperature of cooling water. Performance characteristics of cooling system can be rated via several parameters such as: thermal effectiveness, Merkel number, number of transfer units, and overall heat and mass transfer coefficient. Results gathered during acceptance test of cooling system of thermal power plant Kakanj (unit 7) which consists of 12 wet counterflow induced draft cooling towers, are used to evaluate its most important performance characteristics. It is shown that some tower performance characteristic vary during the day more than others due to their dependence on climatic parameters, particularly air wet bulb temperature. Different approaches and methods (analytical and empirical) for evaluation of tower performance are discussed in order to define the most appropriate performance characteristic and calculation method which can be used for establishing the optimal working mode of analysed cooling system.

The Supreme Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina had to determine the applicable law to the arbitration clause contained in general conditions of sale on seller’s website. The sales agreement was concluded orally and the reference to the website with general conditions of sale was made on a pro forma invoice paid by the buyer. The arbitration clause provided for ICC Rules and seat of arbitration in Amsterdam, while French law was chosen to apply to the contract. The buyer, a domestic company from Bosnia and Herzegovina, filed for damages before domestic courts, claiming that the arbitration clause was not consented to, nor was it concluded in written. The Supreme Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued in the “chicken breed” case in 2019 a pro-arbitration judgment with reference to the New York Convention of 1958 and European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of 1961. It is a landmark decision on one of the most difficult questions of applicable law to formal and substantive validity of the arbitration agreement.

FIDIC Forms of Contract in recent years are often used for regulation of rights and obligations of the investors and the contractors on the construction projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in particular in construction of the highways, railways and dams. Majority of the projects is finalized without significant disputes between the parties. However, in certain cases disputes between the parties escalate in such magnitude that one of the parties decides to terminate the contract. Due to severity of the financial consequences of the termination, it is necessary to emphasise interplay between the Laws on Obligations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and FIDIC Forms. A careful approach to the issue of the termination could prevent complicated and expensive arbitral proceedings.

Due to limited computational resources, acoustic models of early automatic speech recognition ( ASR ) systems were built in low-dimensional feature spaces that incur considerable information loss at the outset of the process. Several comparative studies of automatic and human speech recognition suggest that this information loss can adversely affect the robustness of ASR systems. To mitigate that and allow for learning of robust models, we propose a deep 2 D convolutional network in the waveform domain. The first layer of the network decomposes waveforms into frequency sub-bands, thereby representing them in a structured high-dimensional space. This is achieved by means of a parametric convolutional block defined via cosine modulations of compactly supported windows. The next layer embeds the waveform in an even higher-dimensional space of high-resolution spectro-temporal patterns, implemented via a 2 D convolutional block. This is followed by a gradual compression phase that selects most relevant spectro-temporal patterns using wide-pass 2 D filtering. Our results show that the approach significantly outperforms alternative waveform-based models on both noisy and spontaneous conversational speech ( 24% and 11% relative error reduction, respectively). Moreover, this study provides empirical evidence that learning directly from the waveform domain could be more effective than learning using hand-crafted features. by means of a non-parametric 2 D convolutional layer. is followed