It has long been recognized that learning content is very useful for developing the intellectual and creative abilities of children. Modern teaching requires dynamic, diverse teaching and its adaptability to the abilities of each individual student. This implies a skillful combination of modern teaching materials, methods, forms and the choice of teaching form in each lesson. In that context, motivational games in the class have a special function. It is common knowledge of every teacher that students in classes need to be encouraged towards full engagement of cognitive abilities. This is not always easy to achieve. In every class, psychological preparation (application) is necessary to mobilize students' attention in the shortest possible period of time, prepare them for cognitive activities, whether it is preparation for the processing of new teaching contents, doing exercises or repeating old material. In all this, well selected motivational games can play a significant role. With engagement of cognitive process in solving such tasks, students can find successful solutions in a short time, and success is the best motive for further work in class.

To evaluate and promote ecologically responsible practices in the sintering business, conducting a sustainability evaluation of sintering flue gas is essential. An important step in making iron and steel, sintering releases flue gas emissions that, if not controlled, may harm the environment. Reducing emissions, improving energy efficiency, managing waste, using water, utilizing resources, monitoring community effects, complying with regulations, conducting a life cycle assessment, and continuously improving are all part of the assessment's extensive scope. When these aspects are considered, stakeholders may better understand the economic, social, and environmental effects of sintering flue gas management. This paper used the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to evaluate the criteria. We used the DEMATEL method as an MCDM method. The DEMATEL is used to build the relation between the criteria. We collect ten criteria in this study. We compute the criteria weights to show this study’s best and worst criterion. The DEMATEL method is used to draw the effect diagram between criteria.

This chapter presents the possibilities of applying cryptography and steganography in design advanced methods of medical software. The proposed solution has two modules: medical data encryption and medical data hiding. In the first module for the encryption of patient data a Catalan crypto-key is used combined with the LatticePath combinatorial problem. In the second module for hiding patient data, the Catalan stego-key and medical image is used. The objective of the second part is to explain and investigate the existing author's method to steganography based on the Catalan numbers in the design of medical software. The proposed solution is implemented in the Java programming language. In the experimental part, cryptanalysis and steganalysis of the proposed solution were given. Cryptanalysis is based on time and storage complexity, leaking information and machine learning-based identification of the encryption method. Also, steganalysis is based on the amount of information per pixel in stego image, approximate entropy and bit distribution in stego-images.

Pinus heldreichii (Bosnian pine) is a Balkan-Apennine endemic and relict pine species that inhabits high mountains in the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean regions. Nineteen populations of P. heldreichii from the Western Balkans encompassing 187 individual trees were examined to evaluate morphological variation, a rarely studied aspect of the species. Univariate and multivariate statistics were applied in order to assess the variation of morphological traits of cones and seeds, evaluate the relationships among the sampled populations and verify geographic differentiation in the Dinaric Alps versus Scardo-Pindic mountains. The observations of P. heldreichii covering the populations from the western margins and the centre of the species distribution range indicated a morphological variation among populations and their geographic structure. In general, the southern populations (Scardo-Pindic group) had lower values for the most of morphological traits than the northern ones (Dinaric group). The observed geographic differences between these populations exhibit a north-western to south-eastern gradient, with a few inconsistencies. The southernmost sampled population, Tomorr in Albania, showed remarkable morphological divergence from the other studied populations and appeared to be a distinct morphological group. The pattern of morphological variation in Bosnian pine most likely resulted from multiple effects of long-term isolation and fragmentation in high mountain systems, adaptation to extreme environments and human disturbances.

The idea for establishing this kind of publication, named as “EFMI Inside” Newsletter was born in Lyon in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting, when Catherine Chronaki, Izet Masic, Arriel Benis, Paris Gallos, Lacramiora Stoicu-Tivadar, Alfred Winter and some other EFMI friends discussed and concluded to start with some kind of magazine in which we can record important and prompt facts and information about past, current and future activities of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) available for readers worldwide online and in print. EFMI has other types of spreading information about important facts of its activities, such as “Reports”, addressing mostly EFMI Council members, presented by national representatives and working group chairs in EFMI. This publication will be an important and useful resource of EFMI and its activities for everybody who wants to be familiar with Medical informatics development and achievements in all areas of this academic and scientific discipline in European countries, but also, worldwide. In the first issue of of “EFMI Inside” readers can find contributions of influential medical informatics persons, former or current EFMI Council members: Presidents or Chairs of Working Groups, Honorary Fellows, and other EFMI members who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide. A lot of facts and stories “inside” EFMI are shared for the first time in this newsletter, to look back and think about the future of Medical Informatics in a rapidly changing world. All suggestions and new ideas for the next issues will be appreciated.

Continuous investment in education is a key factor in economic growth and development. Investing in education is an investment with a returns on investment and with multiple positive effects at the private and social levels. Earnings in the labor market represent private returns on investment in education and their measurement is in the center of the scientific literature. The main objective of this paper is to analyze modern theoretical and methodological approaches to measuring returns on investment in education, while analyzing the measurement methodology, indicators used and data sources. The scientific contribution of this paper is based on a concise and critical review of the scientific literature and trends in this field, with reference to the methodology used and indicators in measuring returns on investment in education.