The human gut microbiome is influenced by numerous factors including commonly used drugs, but it has also been shown that the gut microbiome by itself influences drug responses and efficacy. We studied the relations between commonly used drugs and microbial changes considering factors like polypharmacy and multi-morbidity. We performed metagenomics sequencing of 1883 faecal samples from three cohorts: 1) a population-based cohort, 2) patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and 3) patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Differences between drug users and non-users were analysed per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis. 17 of 41 drugs were associated with changes in microbial features. For example, metformin users showed enrichment of Escherichia-coli -derived metabolic pathways and methanogenic pathways were increased in oral steroid users in patients with IBD. Due the importance of the gut microbiome in health and the widespread use of drugs, we here provide evidence for extensive changes in taxonomy, metabolic activity and resistome in relation to commonly used drugs. This research paves the way to further mechanistic studies for drug response and side effects and has implications on future microbiome studies, underlining the need for correcting for multiple drug use in both general population and in GI disease cohorts.

been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/aisy.201900189. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved CMOS and Memristive Hardware for Neuromorphic Computing Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi, Ying-Chen Chen, Jason K. Eshraghian, Jia Chen, Chih-Yang Lin, Amirali Amirsoleimani, Adnan Mehonic, Anthony J Kenyon, Burt Fowler, Jack C Lee, Yao-Feng Chang College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, United States Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom mostafa.rahimiazghadi@jcu.edu.au, yfchang@utexas.edu ABSTRACT The ever-increasing processing power demands of digital computers cannot continue to be fulfilled indefinitely unless there is a paradigm shift in computing. Neuromorphic computing, which takes A cc ep te d A rti cl e

The purpose of this systematic review is to point out the application of the Fitlight trainer system in sports. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Mendeley, 2014-2020. Following the selection procedure according to the relevant criteria, 22 studies were selected as fit to needs of this systematic review. A review of researches that used the Fitlight training system in sports has revealed a rather heterogeneous selection of topics. The results obtained are classified according to the sports in which the research was conducted. The results summary provided us with the insight into the multiple uses of the Fitlight system in sports as a training and measurement tool. It can be used in both individual and team sports. It can test sensory-cognitive and various motor skills: reaction speed, speed of single movement, speed of running, agility. Based on all of the information provided, the possibility of multiple applications of the Fitlight system in sports was highlighted.

The study was conducted to identify differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls in the first grade of primary school. The sample consisted of 30 first grade students, at the age of 7 years ± 6 months. The children were divided into two groups consisting of boys (14) and girls (16). The level of the children’s bilateral coordination was assessed using the Bilateral Coordination (7 variables) subtests that are part of the BOT-2 - the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test Battery. The tests are used as a standardized measure of the level of motor skills in children. The obtained data was processed in the SPSS 19 statistical programme, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences in bilateral coordination. After processing the data, it was noted that there are differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls, but that they were not statistically significant. For more reliable results and, therefore, more conclusive results and conclusions, it is necessary to perform tests on a larger sample of children.

Numerous authors recommend participation in various types of aerobic exercise, pointing out their positive effects both in terms of the prevention of various illnesses, and in the improvement of one’s health status. The increasingly popular group fitness programs, as preprogrammed forms of physical exercise to music, have positive effects on body composition among women, such as a decrease in body mass and fat, and thus lead to an improvement in overall physical appearance. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise to music on body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women. In order to compile data from existing research on the effects of aerobic exercise on young women, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reports for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Papers dating from 2006 to 2019 were analyzed. The research results confirm the positive influence of aerobic exercise to music on the parameters of body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women, irrespective of the overall duration of the exercise programs, with the conclusion that programs lasting up to 12 weeks are more effective when it comes to the decrease and maintenance of body weight, fat reduction, increase in muscle tissue, and lead to an improvement in aerobic abilities. The best effects of this type of exercise at an intensity level of 50 to 80% of maximum heart rate are primarily achieved among obese and overweight individuals.