© The Author 2020. Published by ARDA. Abstract The effectiveness of a firm mostly depends on the capability of the managers to obtain flexible credits for the implementation of sustainable innovations. The aim of this study is focused on the impact of access to credit on process innovations in SMEs. Data from the manufacturing and the service sectors of the economies of Africa and the Middle East are collected from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey database. The survey employs random sampling to select firms in each country and they are stratified based on the number of employees. The sampled observations are scaled down from 136,887 to 33,977 firms covering 53 countries due to the scope of this research. The factors of access to credit are the independent variables of this research: the working capital from a commercial bank, overdraft facility, lines of credit, external auditing of accounts, and working capital from suppliers. The dependent variable is process innovation. The results show that there are significance levels of p-values below 1% although some of the Pearson correlation coefficients of the independent variables with the dependent variable are not too high. The factors of access to credit used in the regression model have a significant impact on process innovation. The findings from the analysis help the policy directions of managers.

Laminar flow of ethylene glycol-based silicon nitride (EG-Si3N4) nanofluid in a smooth horizontal pipe subjected to forced heat convection with constant wall heat flux is computationally modeled and analyzed. Heat transfer is evaluated in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and heat transfer coefficient for various volume fractions of Si3N4 nanoparticles in the base fluid and different laminar flow rates. The thermophysical properties of the EG-Si3N4 nanofluid are taken from a recently published experimental study. Computational modelling and simulation are performed using open-source software utilizing finite volume numerical methodology. The nanofluid exhibits non-Newtonian rheology and it is modelled as a homogeneous single-phase mixture, the properties of which are determined by the nanoparticle volume fraction. The existing features of the software to simulate single-phase flow are extended by implementing the energy transport coupled to the fluid flow and the interaction of the fluid flow with the surrounding pipe wall via the applied wall heat flux. In addition, the functional dependencies of the thermophysical properties of the nanofluid on the volume fraction of nanoparticles are implemented in the software, while the non-Newtonian rheological behavior of the nanofluid under consideration is also taken into account. The obtained results from the numerical simulations show very good predicting capabilities of the implemented computational model for the laminar flow coupled to the forced convection heat transfer. Moreover, the analysis of the computational results for the nanofluid reflects the increase of heat transfer of the EG-Si3N4 nanofluid in comparison to the EG for all the considered nanoparticle volume fractions and flow rates, indicating promising features of this nanofluid in heat transfer applications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different percentage of seminal plasma proteins with different molecular weight on sperm motility and fertility parameters (farrowing rate (FR), number of live-born pigs (PBA) per litter and percentage of unsuccessful insemination). A total of 50 sperm-rich ejaculate fractions were collected (one per boar) using the gloved hand method. The quality parameters of the semen samples were first evaluated at the farm. Further assessment of sperm quality was performed on a CASA - computer assisted semen analysis by two competent operators. Seminal plasma protein fractions were obtained by AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists as a chemical method. The assessment of reproductive performance was carried out based on collected data of three parameters in selected 9696 sows: FR, PBA per litter and percentage of unsuccessful insemination. Protein fractions were divided in to three groups (10 – 20kDa, 21 – 30kDa and 31 – 40kDa) Proteins with 10 – 20kDa did not have significant effect and correlation with analyzed parameters. Significant differences were recorded in farrowing rate between samples with up to 80 % compared to samples with 10% of proteins with 21 – 30kDa. Significant differences were recorded in unsuccessful insemination between samples with different percentage of proteins with 31 – 40kDa. Results of this study have shown the effect of different percentage of certain fraction of seminal plasma proteins on boar ejaculates fertility potential. Key words: boars; semen quality; seminal plasma proteins; reproductive results VPLIV VSEBNOSTI BELJAKOVIN SEMENSKE PLAZME RAZLICNIH MOLEKULARNIH TEŽ NA NEKATERE PARAMETRE PLODNOSTI V EJAKULATIH MERJASCEV Povzetek: Cilj opisane raziskave je bil prouciti vpliv prisotnosti beljakovin semenske plazme z razlicno molekulsko maso na gibljivost semencic in parametre plodnosti kot so: stopnja prasitev, stevilo živorojenih prasicev na leglo in odstotek neuspesnih osemenitev. Po metodi z orokaviceno roko je bilo zbranih 50 frakcij ejakulata, bogatih s semencicami (1 na merjasca). Na kmetiji smo najprej ocenili parametre kakovosti vzorcev semena. Nadaljnja ocena kakovosti semencic je bila izvedena z racunalnisko podprto analizo semena (CASA), ki sta jo izvedla dva usposobljena operaterja. Semenske frakcije beljakovin v plazmi so bile pridobljene s pomocjo AOAC - metode. Ocena reproduktivne ucinkovitosti je bila izvedena na podlagi zbranih podatkov treh parametrov pri izbranih 9696 svinjah. Proteinske frakcije so bile razdeljene v tri skupine (10 – 20 kDa, 21 – 30 kDa in 31 – 40 kDa). Beljakovine velikosti 10 - 20 kDa niso imele znacilnega ucinka in soodvisnosti z analiziranimi parametri. Ugotovili pa smo statisticno znacilne razlike v stopnji prasitve med vzorci z do 80 % beljakovin velikosti 21 - 30kDa v primerjavi z vzorci s samo 10 % beljakovin velikosti 21 - 30kDa. Statisticno znacilne razlike so bile ugotovljene tudi pri uspesnosti osemenitev med vzorci z razlicnim odstotkom beljakovin velikosti 31 - 40kDa. Rezultati te studije kažejo vpliv razlicnega odstotka dolocenega deleža beljakovin iz semenske plazme na potencial plodnosti merjascev. Kljucne besede: merjasci; kakovost semena; semenske beljakovine v plazmi; reprodukcijski rezultati

O artigo compartilha os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que objetivou compreender como o brincar esta inserido na educacao infantil de um municipio da Regiao do Grande ABC Paulista/SP. A opcao metodologica foi por uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve como procedimentos: analise documental, estudo exploratorio e realizacao de grupos focais com professoras e formadoras. O trabalho dialogou com os estudos e pesquisas da pedagogia e da sociologia da infância. A analise dos dados revelou poucos momentos do cotidiano destinados ao brincar, sendo tal fato justificado em funcao de uma organizacao que privilegia atividades voltadas a alfabetizacao e a matematica, demarcando um modelo escolarizado que termina por marginalizar a iniciativa, a expressao e a criatividade de meninos e meninas. Conclui com a necessidade de se pensar uma formacao docente dialogica, sendo esta uma reivindicacao das professoras, de modo a construir praticas pedagogicas brincantes que primem pelas descobertas, criatividade e maravilhamento.

U radu se analiziraju frazemi s biblijskim osobnim imenima kao sastavnicom u njemačkome kao jeziku polazniku i hrvatskome kao jeziku cilju, pri čemu se oslanjamo na tipologiju ekvivalencije u okviru kontrastivne frazeologije. Cilj je rada istražiti biblijsko podrijetlo frazema, obrazložiti njihovu pozadinsku sliku, motivaciju i značenje te ustvrditi stupanj njihove ekvivalencije. U prikupljanju građe rabili smo jednojezične i dvojezične frazeološke rječnike i opće jednojezične i dvojezične rječnike. Sukladno očekivanjima najviše su zastupnjeni frazemi s biblijskim osobnim imenom kao sastavnicom, a koji pokazuju djelomičnu i potpunu podudarnost leksemske i morfosintaktičke strukture uz istovjetnost frazeološkoga značenja. Neočekivano veliku skupinu čine frazemi koje analizirana hrvatska građa ne bilježi, iako se u biblijskim tekstovima često nalaze doslovni prijevodi.

In the previous issue of the Netherlands Heart Journal, Rijlaarsdam-Hermsen et al. describe the prognostic value of the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease [1]. In their study, the researchers correlated clinical outcome with the CAC scores of 644 stable chest pain patients who underwent CAC scoring as part of their diagnostic work-up. Their results show that increasing CAC scores are associated with an increased risk of mortality and adverse cardiac events. A large body of literature has accumulated since the introduction of CAC scoring in the late 1980s [2]. Large, multicentre studies have established the strong prognostic value of CAC scoring in asymptomatic individuals [3, 4]. Absence of CAC, in particular, correlates with a very favourable outcome. In a meta-analysis including more than 70,000 study participants, absence of CAC was correlated with an event rate of less than 0.5% during a follow-up of 4 years [5]. This ‘power of zero’ was also encountered in a symptomatic population, albeit with a slightly higher incidence of cardiovascular events (i.e. 1.8%). Given the excellent prognosis, the additional value of further diagnostic testing of symptomatic patients in the absence of CAC can be debated, especially those with a low pre-test probability and longstanding complaints that correspond to a steady plaque build-up with calcification [6]. Once CAC is present, however, the story becomes more complicated with regard to how to apply the CAC results in clinical

Abstract Objective The Lichtenstein mesh technique is recommended as the standard surgical procedure for inguinal hernias. Shouldice is the best non-mesh technique. However, there are reports that the transinguinal preperitoneal technique (TIPP), which uses a preperitoneal mesh, has potential advantages in relation to the Lichtenstein and the Shouldice techniques. Patients and methods Three hundred patients with inguinal hernias were randomized into three groups of hundred patients each: Group 1 whose inguinal hernia repair was performed using the Lichtenstein technique; Group 2 using the Shouldice technique; and Group 3 using TIPP. The parameters for monitoring were: length of operation, blood loss, length of hospitalization, length of incision, post-operative pain, and the patient's satisfaction level. Results The visual analog scale (VAS) score after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, and 14 d was lower in TIPP than the Lichtenstein and Shouldice groups (p < .0001). The satisfaction level was higher in TIPP than in the Lichtenstein and Shouldice groups (p < .0001). Conclusions TIPP technique has advantages in comparison with the Lichtenstein and Shouldice techniques. This method takes a shorter time, the skin incision is smaller, the VAS score is lower and the patient satisfaction level is higher. These advantages are in balance with the higher costs of this procedure.

Introduction: Integrated care could be defi ned differently and that is why the following terms can be found in the literature: integrated health, coordinated care, comprehensive care, seamless care, or trans-mural care. It has become a worldwide trend in health care reforms and new organizational arrangements focusing on more coordination between professionals and institutions and integrated forms of care or service provision. The Agency for Quality and Accreditation in Health Care in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AKAZ) is using accreditation standards as a tool for quality improvement process aiming to increase the capacity of health care institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to provide safe and quality care for the citizens. In the Agency, it is fi rmly believed that a wisely set and well-organized integrated care can help health professionals deliver health care in accordance with patient needs and even expectations. Aim: The aim of the study was to fi nd out how to implement measures for integration of health care, to fi nd out whether there are any gaps in the health care system, and how to bridge to the application of the best solutions of integrated care in the city of Mostar and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (HNC). Methods: In this paper, we used feedback and results from the workshop held at the Federal Public Health Institute in Mostar as part of lectures for participants of the course within the Integrated Health Care module held in June 2019. The Integrated Health Care module is part of the Continuous Professional Education for Health Managers in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Participants were experienced experts in different fi elds of medicine and pharmacists divided into two groups. Results: Participants identifi ed the most common problems for both primary and hospital physicians, such as unclear referral system to specialist examination, inappropriate patient expectations from primary care, lack of communication between primary care and hospital care, and inadequate use of clinical practice guidelines. To solve these problems, both groups stressed the importance of common strategy documents and guidelines, which should provide clear framework for cooperation and integration including levels of competence and service prices. Furthermore, effi cient information system is crucial for the integration or digitalization of, in strategy documents, agreed mechanisms of coordination and integration. Third, the growing proportion of elderly population should be taken in consideration, including the need of hospice and development of geriatric medicine in the Canton. Participants discussed and compared the results with feedback and results from three workshops held several years before. Discussion: The results of our study stressed the importance of better communication among different sectors, institutions and levels of health care involved in the treatment of patients, pointed to some measures for integration including standardized models of communication, training and education and highlighted priorities for integration. Analysis indicated the necessity for the following: regular analysis of unnecessary or inappropriate referrals and evaluation of such practices, as well as of any duplication of tests and prescriptions (failure to control costs); joint planning of preventive treatments (including the ministry and public health authorities); and clear responsibilities regarding screening programs and patient path analysis. Conclusions: Strong commitment of health care authorities and vision of integrated care and collaborative networks, as well as good communication and leadership were highlighted as key integrated care facilitators. Health care institutions at all levels of care have to organize multidisciplinary teams to work more on better and effective communication and to exchange information among key stakeholders in the system.

Frequency, amplitude, and phase information of the grid voltage are the main constraints for constructing a robust controller algorithm for grid connected applications under unbalanced and distorte...

Article Details: Received: 2019-09-03 | Accepted: 2019-10-14 | Available online: 2019-12-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.04.138-143 The aim of the study was to determine the growth characteristics of three rabbit breeds (Czech Solver, CSo, n = 11; Czech Spotted, CS, n = 28; Blanc de Hotot, BH, n = 24) under small-scaled stock conditions as a basis for their potential meat performance. The body morphometric characteristics live weight (LW), head length (HL), body length (BL), ear length, thoracic circumference (TC) and body compact index TC/BL were recorded in growing rabbits from 21st to 91st day of their age. At the end of the trial, the highest LW value was recorded in the BH breed (2,700.0 g) as compared to the CSo and CS breeds, respectively (1,887.5 and 1,545.4 g). The values of the HL were significantly affected by a rabbit breed up to the 63rd day of their age (P <0.01). The highest values of BL and TC were found in the BH breed as compared to the CSo breed and also the CS breed (P <0.01). The BH breed showed also the longest ears (P <0.01) while the different dynamics of the ear growth among the evaluated breeds was found. Concerning the body compact index TC/BL, the growing rabbits of the BH breed showed wider body given by their musculature proportion as compared to the representatives of the CSo and CS breeds (P <0.01). Our findings suggest that the Blanc de Hotot breed possesses suitable growth and morphometric characteristics for intended meat production. References BLASCO, A. and OUHAYOUN, J. (1993) Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit meat research. Revised proposal. In World Rabbit Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 93–99. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1996.278 DALLE ZOTTE, A., RICCI, R., SARTORI, A., LUKEFAHR, S. and PACI, G. (2013) Body morphometric development during growth and maturity of colored dwarf rabbits available in the Italian market. In World Rabbit Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 227– 233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2013.1386 EUROPEAN UNION (2017) Overview Report: Commercial Rabbit Farming in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 16 s. DOI: 10.2772/62174. FIK, M., ANDREJI, J., HRNCAR, C., ARPASOVA, H. and NEIRUREROVA, P. (2018) Reproduction performances, growth and slaughter traits analysis of rabbit of Nitra breed. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 162–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.162-165 GONDRET, F., JUIN, H., MOUROT, J. and BONNEAU, M. (1998) Effect of age at slaughter on chemical traits and sensory quality of Longissimus lumborum muscle in the rabbit. In Meat Science, vol. 48, no. 1–2, pp. 181–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(97)00088-0 HASSAN H.E., ELAMIN K.M., YOUSIF I.A., MUSA, A.M. and ELKHAIREY, M.A. (2012) Evaluation of body weight and some  morphometric traits at various ages in local rabbits of Sudan. In Journal of Animal Science Advances, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 407–415. HERNANDEZ, P., PLA, M. and BLASCO, A. (1996) Prediction of carcass composition in the rabbit. In Meat Science, vol. 44, 1–2, pp. 75–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00078-2 HINKLE, A. (2011) Color genetics of the Dwarf Hotot. In  HINKLE, A. American Dwarf Hotot Specialty Club Guidebook, pp. 112–116. JOSROVA, L. (2018) Situation and Prospect Report: Rabbits. Praha: Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. 20 pp. KHAN, S., KHAN, M.H., MUHAMMAD, S., KALEEM, K., SHAH, P., KHAN, A. SHAKIR, M.I.M. and KHAN, N. (2017) Phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of Angora rabbis in rabbit model  farm JabbaMansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. In Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 68–71. LUKEFAHR, S.D. and RUIZ-FERIA C.A. (2003) Rabbit growth performance in a subtropical and semi-arid environment: effects of clipping, ear length, and body temperature. In Livestock Research for Rural Development, vol. 15, no. 2. MACH K., MARTINEC, M., VOSTRÝ, L., ADREJSOVA, L. and MAJZLIK, I. (2010) History and development of rabbit breeding in the Czech Republic. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica – Mimoriadne cislo, pp. 111–114 (In Czech). MARTINEC, M., SIMEK, V. and JAHODA, J. (2017) Development of rearing of national rabbit breeds included into genetic resources preserve programme in the Czech Republic. In New trends in intensive and hobby rabbit breeding. Praha 29.11.2017. Praha: Institute of Animal Science, pp. 54–56 (In Czech). McNITT, J.J., LUKEFAHR, S.D., CHEEKE, P.R. and PATTON, N.M. (2013) Rabbit production. 9th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 300 pp. OUYED, A., RIVEST, J. and BRUN, J.M. (2011) Heterosis, direct and maternal additive effects on rabbit growth and carcass traits  from a Canadian experiment. In World Rabbit Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 31–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2011.783a QUENEY, G., VACHOT. A.-M., BRUN, J.-M., DENNEBOUY, N., MULSANT, P. and MONNEROT, M. (2002) Different levels of human intervention in domestic rabbits: Effects on genetic diversity. In Journal of Heredity, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 205–209. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.3.205 TŮMOVA, E., MARTINEC, M. and CHODOVA, D. (2011) Analysis of Czech rabbit genetic resources. In Scientia Agriculturae bohemica, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 113–118. TŮMOVA, E., BIZKOVA, Z., SKŘIVANOVA, V., CHODOVA, D., MARTINEC, M. and VOLEK, Z. (2014) Comparison of carcass and meat quality among rabbit breeds of different size and hybrid rabbits. In Livestock Science, vol. 165, pp. 8.14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.019  STATSOFT Inc. (2011) STATISTICA Data analysis software system, version 10. StatSoft Inc., Tulsa. SWEET, H., PEARSON, A.J., WATSON, P.J. and GERMAN, A.J. (2013) A novel zoometric index for assessing body composition in adult rabbits. In Veterinary Record, vol. 173, no. 15, pp. 369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101771 SZENDRŐ, K., METZGER S., OEDRMATT, M., RADNAI, I., GARAI, E., HORN, P. and SZENDRŐ, Zs. (2012) Effect of age and weight of rabbits at slaughter on carcass value. In Acta agriculturae Slovenica, suppl. 3, pp. 333–337. WANG, J., SU, Y., ELZO, M.A., JIA, X., CHEN, S. and LAI, S. (2016) Comparison of carcass and meat quality traits among three rabbit breeds. In Korean Journal of Food Science of Animal Resources, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 84–89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.1.84 WHITMAN, B.D. (2004) Domestic rabbits and their histories: Breeds of the World. Leawood: Leathers Publishing, 456 pp. ZITA, L., TŮMOVA, E. and BIZKOVA, Z (2010) Genetic resources of rabbits in the Czech Republic. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica – mimoriadne cislo, pp. 34–36 (In Czech). ZADINA, J. (2003) Rabbit breed standard. Praha: Czech Association of Breeders. 371 pp. (in Czech)