Abstract This chapter will show the extent to which the introduction of medical devices into legal metrology has affected the accuracy and effectiveness of 10 medical devices. Medical devices that are introduced into the legal metrology system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as of 2015 are: ECG, defibrillator, patient monitor, infusion pumps, perfusors, respirators, anesthesia machines, dialysis machines, neonatal and pediatric incubators, and therapeutic ultrasound. It is extremely important that medical devices work properly and precisely, because analysis, interpretations, prints, and reports are formed from these basic measurements through data processing and calculation, based on which doctors draw conclusions, diagnose, and determine the course of treatment. The development of medical devices is an extremely complex process and is subject to a large number of directives, standards, and recommendations that the device must meet in terms of functionality and, in particular, safety, depending on the purpose of the device. This chapter outlines the role of inspection of medical devices to increase accuracy and efficiency in Bosnia and Herzegovina over a period of 3 years. The analysis is based on data collected in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the period of January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2017. This was collected through an online software to monitor the status of inspection of legal benchmarks in health care. In this analysis, the quality of the work of nine medical devices (infusion pumps and perfusors are viewed together) was measured over a period of 3 years (2015–17) in order to determine the efficiency of the device by monitoring the number of accurate or faulty devices individually and for all devices together. The data are collected in an Excel file and statistical analyses are made in that file. In the inferential statistical analysis, conclusions regarding the differences were made at the usual level of significance of 0.05, that is, a confidence level of 95%.

Abstract The word “standard” is used for various issues and has different purposes and different meanings and definitions. In this chapter standard is used to describe its application in science and technology. In accordance with ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004 in science and technology, the English word “standard” is used with two different meanings, as normative standard and as a measurement standard. In this chapter, the meaning and application of normative standard will be described in detail. Normative standard is a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. In essence, a standard is an agreed way of doing something. It could be about making a product, managing a process, delivering a service, or supplying materials—standards can cover a huge range of activities undertaken by organizations and used by their customers. Standards are the distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter and who know the needs of the organizations they represent—people such as manufacturers, sellers, buyers, customers, trade associations, users, or regulators. Standards are produced for many different products and services, and may be created for company, national, regional, or global application. They may be used on a voluntary basis, or made mandatory by company policy, national or international regulation, or by law. In Europe there are three different categories of standard: ● International Standard—a standard adopted by an international standardization organization. ● European Standard—a standard adopted by a European standardization body. ● National Standard—a standard adopted by a national standardization body and made available to the public.

Abstract Pediatric and neonate incubators today are more sophisticated than the first prototypes but basic functions remained the same. They provide controlled environmental conditions needed to treat prematurely born infants who are not able to endure all the conditions outside the womb or infants born with certain diseases or health conditions.

: This paper investigates the relationship of information communication technology (ICT) and virtual reality (VR), and tourism, or specifically its interrelations and links to tourism sustainability. As a consumer technology, VR is still a relatively new concept, although it has been researched and used in the tourism industry for marketing purposes. The aim is to understand the different aspects of VR and ICTs and potentially link them to sustainability and perspectives on mass tourism, as well as to the potential future developments related to the ability of ICT and tourism to meet the tourists’ needs to a greater extent in the future. By use of the systematic mapping methodology, the insights into these concepts and their relations to each other are provided. The study reveals the evolution and links between the investigated concepts, the existing challenges and solutions, and the remaining gaps. The present findings indicate that VR as a trend in the tourism industry still needs significant work and improvement until it is ready to fully immerse itself into the tourism sector and especially involve itself into the issues concerning tourism and the potential of sustainability concept within the industry. Many of the concerns and conflicts still exist, but the potential of its right implementation is enormous.

This paper presents the author Rhonda Byrne and her works in the context of the role of human thoughts in the daily life. Special attention is paid to her work The Secret as it represents the foundation which makes it possible to construct her teaching from. Also, this paper explores the reception of The Secret in the former Yugoslav countries.

Alcoholism or alcohol abuse and indulgence in alcohol is one of the most prevalent antisocial phenomena in young people and one of the main causes of their criminal behavior. Namely, there is an increasing tendency for young people to abuse and consume alcohol and to indulge in alcohol frequently as well as the incidence of committing criminal offenses by young people under the decisive influence of alcohol. The paper elaborates the criminal law aspects of protecting young people from alcoholism or alcohol abuse and points out problem of uneven and inadequate legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and gives appropriate proposals for changes to existing solution in order to achieve better and more effective criminal law protection of young people from alcohol abuse.

Modern way of living, relieved by possibilities of new technologies, is benefit which humankind has in the 21st century, but big benefit could become negative side of technology improvements. Life without internet is unimaginable, and media gives its services through internet. Everything is easily available, immediately and everywhere. That advantage could produce negative consequences for users. Users always seek protection from the state, they do not know their rights and they are convinced that they do not have obligations. We hope that this brief review of legal framework of users’ rights and their protection in criminal jurisdiction sense will serve as a warning for users to think about all possible outcomes of their actions before they activate internet link. The state protects each citizen equally, but citizens have obligation to denounce all situations in which they notice deviation from acceptable treatment. That is the only way for efficient state action and way to protect others users from illegal treatment.