e.harbinja@aston.ac.uk #online harms, duty of care, platform regulation, online safety This article critiques key proposals of the United Kingdom’s “Online Harms” White Paper; in particular, the proposal for new digital regulator and the imposition of a “duty of care” on platforms. While acknowledging that a duty of care, backed up by sanctions works well in some environments, we argue is not appropriate for policing the White Paper’s identified harms as it could result in the blocking of legal, subjectively harmful content. Furthermore, the proposed regulator lacks the necessary independence and could be subjected to political interference. We conclude that the imposition of a duty of care will result in an unacceptable chilling effect on free expression, resulting in a draconian regulatory environment for platforms, with users’ digital rights adversely affected. Content Not Available

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare immunologic disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, multicentric lymphadenopathy, and organ dysfunction. Enlarged lymph nodes demonstrate a spectrum of characteristic but variable histopathologic features historically categorized into hyaline vascular (HV) (or hypervascular [HyperV] more recently), plasmacytic, or “mixed.” Though the etiology is unknown, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine storm, often involving interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), contributes to pathogenesis. Anti‐IL‐6 therapy with siltuximab is the only FDA‐ or EMA‐approved treatment based on efficacy and safety in multiple studies. Importantly, no patients considered to have HV histopathology achieved the primary endpoint in the Phase II study. NCCN currently recommends siltuximab first‐line for iMCD, except for patients considered to have HV histopathology. We investigated whether histopathologic subtype should guide siltuximab treatment decisions. Secondary analyses of clinical trial and real‐world data revealed similar clinical benefit across histopathologic subtypes. Notably, only 18 of 79 patients in the Phase II study were consistently classified into histopathologic subtype by three independent review panels, demonstrating limited reliability to guide treatment decisions. Real‐world data further demonstrate siltuximab's effectiveness in patients considered to have HV (or HyperV). Though histopathology is a critical component for diagnosis, there is insufficient evidence to guide treatment based solely on lymph node histopathologic subtype.

BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds are present at very low concentration, but exhibit important influence on flavor and aroma of tobacco leaves and products. During tobacco processing, at different stages, tobacco wastes are occurred. Since they are delivered directly from tobacco plant, they are expected to have similar aroma profile. RESULTS The volatile composition of 3 types of tobacco waste (scrap, dust and midrib) was characterized for the first time and compared with tobacco leaves volatile composition. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with hexane followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was successfully applied. Different UAE parameters (temperature, time and solvent-solid ratio) showed significant influence on the volatile profiles of obtained extracts. The most important compounds in tobacco leaves, scrap and dust with the highest abundance were nicotine (up to 87.5%), 4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diol (up to 16.2%) and neophytadiene (up to 9.4%). In midrib only nicotine was present in all extracts. The most abundant compounds in the extracts were quantified and subjected to optimization, using response surface methodology (RSM). CONCLUSION Regression analysis showed that 83-98% of the variation was explained by the obtained models. The experimentally obtained values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing of the extraction conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND Boron and boron containing compounds are known for their biological and protective roles being non-toxic and non-mutagenic in low concentrations. Male rats were exposed to halogenated boroxine (HB), dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K2[B3O3F4OH], a potential new boron-containing therapeutic, aiming to determine concentrations with no adverse effects on selected serum biochemical parameters and histomorphological features. METHODS HB was prepared by reacting potassium hydrofluoride (KHF2) with boric acid in molar ratios 2:3 at room temperature and its primary structure contains 4 fluorine atoms substituted in 6-membered ring. In concentrations of 10, 25, 35 and 45 mg/kg, HB was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose. Biochemical parameters were observed 24 and 96 h following the treatment. Effects of HB on biochemical blood parameters were also observed 24 h following continuous nine days application in concentrations of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally and 50 mg/kg per os. Histomorphological observation of kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs and heart was performed for all treated animals. RESULTS Administration of single high dose of HB (35 mg/kg-45 mg/kg) effected high levels of urea and creatinine, which indicated renal injury that appeared to be temporary. Possible cause of concern is pancreatic injury indicated by elevated levels of serum amylase in the groups of animals that received the highest dosages of the substance. Histopathological examination of selected tissues revealed mild to moderate lesions in the kidneys and livers associated with administration of HB. CONCLUSION Observation of biochemical serum parameters or histopathology of examined tissues revealed no adverse effects of HB either after the administration of single dose lower than 35 mg/kg or following repeated administration at 10 mg/kg. These dosages should be further considered for potential therapeutic applications.

Storage of large quantities of industrial by-products can pose a serious environmental problem. There is a growing need to recycle these industrial by-products, including red mud, in the construction industry, which is one of the largest consumers of raw materials. A preliminary study of the potential of red mud as a raw material for concrete is presented in this paper. Chemical composition of red mud, determined by X-ray fluorescence and particle size distribution by laser diffraction, is tested as part of its initial evaluation. The reactivity of red mud is evaluated by the R3 test method with isothermal calorimetry. The compressive strength test is carried out on a mortar sample in which 30% by weight of cement is replaced by red mud. Preliminary tests indicate that red mud can be used as raw material in alternative binders.

While metasurface-based intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are an important emerging technology for future generations of wireless connectivity in its own right, plans for the mass deployment of these surfaces motivate the question of their integration with other new and emerging technologies that would require such widespread deployment. This question of integration and the vision of future communication systems as an invaluable component for public health motivated our new concept of Intelligent Reflector-Viral Detectors (IR-VD). In this novel scheme, we propose deployment of intelligent reflectors with strips of receptor-based viral detectors placed between the reflective surface tiles. Our proposed approach encodes information of the presence of the virus by flicking the angle of the reflected beams, using time variations between the beam deviations to represent the messages. This information includes the presence of the virus, its location and load size. The article presents simulations to demonstrate the encoding process that represents the number of virus particles that have bound to the IR-VD.

A practical compound of education in computer science and electrical engineering, driven by increased availability and maturity of many emerging technologies, should be enriched by various laboratory resources in order to synchronize the paces between technology advancements and education. In particular, advancements in containerization as a virtualization technique pave the way towards allowing students to deploy their project applications with a lightweight resource footprint on top of the cloud. Being backed by a valuable feedback from 45 Bachelor students, in this paper we present the best practices on how virtualization can be leveraged to create a scalable environment for on-demand remote experimentation with distributed systems.

Cellular technologies are widely used in the ICT domain, that paving the way towards new opportunities for education and practical experimentation. It also tackles software-related engineering areas, from Digital Processing (DSP) to Software Defined Networks and Network Virtualization applications. Due to the various constraints such as limited access to hardware components, high costs of such equipment, and spectrum regulations that must not be violated, practical education in telecommunications, electrical engineering, and electronics usually lacks the opportunity to pursue experimentation on the realistic cellular deployments. Therefore, in this paper we present a network testbed that allows students to experiment with a fully functional 4G LTE system with no radio. This testbed system mimics the realistic 4G LTE deployment, supporting students towards acquiring valuable knowledge in the field of cellular networks. It is low-cost due the fact there is no need for radio components or Software Defined Radio (SDR) devices, with no limitation on frequency utilization and regulations. The testbed provides seamless scalability for education classes as it can be deployed on top of any machine with general-purpose processor, installing the whole system within two networked PCs or in a fully virtualized environment. We present the testbed framework, as well as the hands-on practices on incorporating such low-cost realistic testbed into the education within various engineering fields.