BACKGROUND Little is known about neural oscillatory dynamics in first-episode psychosis. Pathophysiology of functional connectivity can be measured through network activity of alpha oscillations, reflecting long-range communication between distal brain regions. METHODS Resting magnetoencephalographic activity was collected from 31 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis and 22 healthy control individuals. Activity was projected to the realistic cortical surface, based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. The first principal component of activity in 40 Brodmann areas per hemisphere was Hilbert transformed within the alpha range. Non-negative matrix factorization was applied to single-trial alpha phase-locking values from all subjects to determine alpha networks. Within networks, energy and entropy were compared. RESULTS Four cortical alpha networks were pathological in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. The networks involved the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate; left auditory, medial temporal, and cingulate cortex; right inferior frontal gyrus and widespread areas; and right posterior parietal cortex and widespread areas. Energy and entropy were associated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total and thought disorder factors for the first three networks. In addition, the left posterior temporal network was associated with positive and negative factors, and the right inferior frontal network was associated with the positive factor. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning network analysis of resting alpha-band neural activity identified several aberrant networks in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, including the left temporal, right inferior frontal, right posterior parietal, and bilateral cingulate cortices. Abnormal long-range alpha communication is evident at the first presentation for psychosis and may provide clues about mechanisms of dysconnectivity in psychosis and novel targets for noninvasive brain stimulation.

Abstract Detecting the dependency between integration test cases plays a vital role in the area of software test optimization. Classifying test cases into two main classes – dependent and independent – can be employed for several test optimization purposes such as parallel test execution, test automation, test case selection and prioritization, and test suite reduction. This task can be seen as an imbalanced classification problem due to the test cases’ distribution. Often the number of dependent and independent test cases is uneven, which is related to the testing level, testing environment and complexity of the system under test. In this study, we propose a novel methodology that consists of two main steps. Firstly, by using natural language processing we analyze the test cases’ specifications and turn them into a numeric vector. Secondly, by using the obtained data vectors, we classify each test case into a dependent or an independent class. We carry out a supervised learning approach using different methods for handling imbalanced datasets. The feasibility and possible generalization of the proposed methodology is evaluated in two industrial projects at Bombardier Transportation, Sweden, which indicates promising results.

Simple Summary In early-stage (cT1-2N0) oral cancer, occult lymph node metastases are present in 20–30% of patients. Accordingly, accurate staging of the clinically negative cervical nodal basin is warranted in these patients. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has proven to reliably stage the clinically negative cervical nodal basin in early-stage oral cancer. However, due to the limited resolution of conventional sentinel lymph node imaging, occult lymph node metastasis may be missed in particular circumstances. Therefore, technical developments are necessary to bring the diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy, in early-stage oral cancer, to a higher level. This review evaluates novel sentinel lymph node imaging techniques for early-stage oral cancer, such as MR lymphography, CT lymphography, PET lymphoscintigraphy and contrast-enhanced lymphosonography. Their reported diagnostic accuracy is described and their relative merits, disadvantages and potential applications are outlined. Abstract Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a diagnostic staging procedure that aims to identify the first draining lymph node(s) from the primary tumor, the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), as their histopathological status reflects the histopathological status of the rest of the nodal basin. The routine SLNB procedure consists of peritumoral injections with a technetium-99m [99mTc]-labelled radiotracer followed by lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT imaging. Based on these imaging results, the identified SLNs are marked for surgical extirpation and are subjected to histopathological assessment. The routine SLNB procedure has proven to reliably stage the clinically negative neck in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, an infamous limitation arises in situations where SLNs are located in close vicinity of the tracer injection site. In these cases, the hotspot of the injection site can hide adjacent SLNs and hamper the discrimination between tracer injection site and SLNs (shine-through phenomenon). Therefore, technical developments are needed to bring the diagnostic accuracy of SLNB for early-stage OSCC to a higher level. This review evaluates novel SLNB imaging techniques for early-stage OSCC: MR lymphography, CT lymphography, PET lymphoscintigraphy and contrast-enhanced lymphosonography. Furthermore, their reported diagnostic accuracy is described and their relative merits, disadvantages and potential applications are outlined.

Our basic objects will be compact, even-dimensional, locally symmetric Riemannian manifolds with strictly negative sectional curvature. The goal of the present paper is to investigate the prime geodesic theorems that are associated with this class of spaces. First, following classical Randol’s appraoch in the compact Riemann surface case, we improve the error term in the corresponding result. Second, we reduce the exponent in the newly acquired remainder by using the Gallagher–Koyama techniques. In particular, we improve DeGeorge’s bound Oxη, 2ρ − ρn ≤ η < 2ρ up to Ox2ρ−ρnlogx−1, and reduce the exponent 2ρ − ρn replacing it by 2ρ − ρ4n+14n2+1 outside a set of finite logarithmic measure. As usual, n denotes the dimension of the underlying locally symmetric space, and ρ is the half-sum of the positive roots. The obtained prime geodesic theorem coincides with the best known results proved for compact Riemann surfaces, hyperbolic three-manifolds, and real hyperbolic manifolds with cusps.

Abstract Nowadays, the population is rapidly ageing because of increasing life expectancy and decreasing birth rates. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to prepare a comprehensive overview which identifies the activities of daily living (ADLs) that are gradually reduced among patients with dementia, as well as explore the therapies applied in relation to dementia and how they effectively improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients and caregivers. Furthermore, we aim to summarise the ADL activities influenced by therapies and examine the treatment costs and care for patients so that recommendations for research and development (R&D) can be made to improve both the QoL of people with dementia and cost-saving measures. The research focuses on four selected neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer, Parkinson, vascular dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, the peer-reviewed English written articles from 2014 to 2019 were searched between September 1 and December 13, 2019. Twenty-seven papers were included in the analysis. The results show that essential assistance occurs in connection with activities: eating, drinking, dressing, bathing, personal hygiene, use of the toilet, and transport. By contrast, shopping or cleaning is not addressed as much. A lower ability to take care of oneself is connected with poor patient health and higher social care costs because the patient requires care from external sources, such as home aid or nurse visits. The challenge that remains is to shift new knowledge from scientific disciplines and connect it with the needs of patients to remove legitimate barriers and increase the acceptance of new solutions by popularisation. Additionally, regarding the burden on caregivers, it would be appropriate to promote this area of education and employment so that family members can use formal caregivers, ensuring them free time and much-needed rest.

We study numerical optimisation algorithms that use zeroth-order information to minimise time-varying geodesically-convex cost functions on Riemannian manifolds. In the Euclidean setting, zeroth-order algorithms have received a lot of attention in both the time-varying and time-invariant cases. However, the extension to Riemannian manifolds is much less developed. We focus on Hadamard manifolds, which are a special class of Riemannian manifolds with global nonpositive curvature that offer convenient grounds for the generalisation of convexity notions. Specifically, we derive bounds on the expected instantaneous tracking error, and we provide algorithm parameter values that minimise the algorithm's performance. Our results illustrate how the manifold geometry in terms of the sectional curvature affects these bounds. Additionally, we provide dynamic regret bounds for this online optimisation setting. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first regret bounds even for the Euclidean version of the problem. Lastly, via numerical simulations, we demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm on an online Karcher mean problem.

Abstract In the present work, an interferometric unsteady analysis of the thermogravitational technique was for the first time attempted in a paralelepipedic microcolumn using binary mixtures with negative Soret coefficients. In particular, water/ethanol and toluene/methanol were considered, as they have significantly different thermophysical properties and relaxation times. Experiments were run with different temperature gradients in order to understand their impact on the stability of separation. Experimental results were compared with theoretical ones, predicted by Fury-Jones-Onsager theory, and by OpenFOAM 3D numerical simulations. Correlations between the separation and the flow in the third dimension perpendicular to the thermal gradient of the thermogravitational microcolumn were analysed. Numerical simulations were also conducted in traditional cylindrical columns in order to compare the results with those previously reported. In these cases, the impact on separation stability was correlated with the azimuthal component of velocity. Thus, in both configurations, the disturbing convective current, always generated in the direction perpendicular to the thermal gradient applied, was shown to be vital for flow stability analysis.

The establishment of the United Nations after World War II raised hopes of a new era of peace. This was over-optimistic. Between 1945 and 1992, there were 149 major wars, killing more than 23 million people. Recent developments in warfare have significantly heightened the dangers for children. During the last decade child war victims have included: 2 million killed; 4-5 million disabled; 12 million left homeless; more than 1 million orphaned or separated from their parents; some 10 million psychologically traumatized. Researches indicate that children do develop PTSD after experiencing very stressful, life-threatening events such as happen in war. Wars of 21st century are often guerrilla-type civil wars in which women and children are not only the main victims, but are deliberately targeted. Thousands are displaced both internally and across borders. Wars at the end of nineties of 20th century in the region of ex Yugoslavian countries brought all the cruelty of war vivid again on European ground. Population were exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence. During the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995 there were about 100 000 people killed (20% woman and 3.5% children) and about 18 000 children were orphaned because of war. Children are not capable to regulate their emotions and hyper-arousal on their own. It depends of the way how their parents (caretaker) regulate her/his own emotions. During the war weak child's ego is paralyzed with intensive stimuli and floating anxiety, it does not manage to make constructive solution for traumatic experiences in such a short time. Mothers with small children are especially vulnerable group during the war time: they are supposed to take care about children and feel happiness, what is almost impossible Severe war experiences could cause depressive symptoms in mothers, what reduce their emotional disposability and could lead in different form of the child's neglecting. PTSD symptoms were lasting longer in children if their mothers have had functioning problems. Traumatization of mothers is connected with different behavior problems in their children. Wars are continuing all over the world and there is a continuity of researches about their consequences on children. Any programs that intend to mitigate the psychological effects of such trauma need to adopt a public health approach aimed at reaching many thousands.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leg muscle power, balance, coordination, and shooting skills in soccer. Participants in this study used 89 soccer athletes with an age range of 15-18 years (M = 17.6; SD: 1.30). The research instrument used a coordination test (soccer wall volley test), balance test (modified bass test), leg muscle power (standing long jump test or broad jump), and shooting skills test. Data collection techniques, namely by measuring tests and measurements by the implementation procedure. Data analysis in this study was using Pearson correlation and regression analysis with the help of the IBM SPSS 24 application. The results showed that: 1) There was a relationship between leg muscle power and shooting ability using instep; 2) There is a relationship between balance and the ability to shoot using the instep; 3) There is a coordination relationship with the ability to shoot using the instep; and 4) There is a relationship between leg muscle power, balance, and coordination with the shooting ability using the instep. Recommendations for further research are suggested to involve other independent variables (X) that are relevant to this study, such as leg length, running speed, and angle of impact.

Introduction: Symptomatic and etiopathologic heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) can be adequately addressed using a dimensional approach to psychopathology, as well as interpreting physiological properties and markers as predictors of disease onset and relapse. Risk factors, genetic and environmental, are likely to modify the neurobiological processes characteristic of certain physiological processes that manifest to a greater degree of overlapping symptoms. One of the most common laboratory tests in psychiatric patients is a standard laboratory blood test. It gives us an insight into the general somatic condition of the patient. It assesses the ability to transport oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs via erythrocytes (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) as their most important constituents, and is also an indicator of iron status and blood oxygenation. Aim: Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are psychiatric disorders whose complex etiology and pathogenesis are still far from known. A correlation between red blood cell abnormalities and these diseases has been recognized in some studies. One of the most common laboratory tests in psychiatric patients is a standard laboratory blood test. However, so far there is a small number of published papers that relate to the relationship between laboratory parameters of blood and the aim of this paper is to reveal more light in this subject. Methods: The research was done as an observational prospective clinical study that has evaluated different physiological and pathological parameters in patients with BD and SCH over a two-year period. A total of 159 patients with schizophrenia, 61 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 82 healthy subjects participated in this study. Results: At baseline, BD compared to SCH patients had higher mean lymphocyte count (2,6±0,7 vs. 2,0±0,6x109; p=0,006) and haemoglobin concentration (146,8±12,2 vs. 140,2±14,7 g/L; p=0,03), and significantly lower red cell distribution width (13,6±2,2 vs. 14,7±1,8%; p=0,008). In both BD and SCH patients there was a significant number of patients with low red blood cells count and low haemoglobin concentration, and high MCH and MCHC at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of follow up. Conclusions: The finding that SCH as well as BD differed from controls with respect to red blood cells, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and average platelet count was consistent with previous findings and could be understood as a qualitative measure in the evaluation of this sample. The fact that no association with other parameters was found, as well as an association with the diagnosis, does not exclude that these associations can be found in larger samples.

Basal ganglia calcifications 2/12 (16.7%) Elevated IFN Score 17/17 (100%)* Short stature 15/24 (62.5%) O001 Clinical features and outcomes in sting-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) S. Torreggiani, A. Almeida de Jesus, S. Alehashemi, J. Mitchell, G. Souto Adeva, J. Wade, G. A. Montealegre Sanchez, B. Lin, R. Goldbach-Mansky, on behalf of SAVI Study Group TADS/NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, United States; Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Correspondence: S. Torreggiani Pediatric Rheumatology 2020, 18(Suppl 2):O001