In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today. His holistic approach to medicine is becoming more and more relevant in the modern medicine. The application of the Hippocratic Oath today depends on the legislation of individual states, related to how legal solutions in some states are pro or contra to it. Authors opened and discussed his attitudes that mental illnesses are a sign of a diseased brain, his consideration the food as medicine and that the disease came from the intestines. Also issue of prognosis of the disease was opened and discussed as well as and Hippocrates's consideration of work and physical activity as the most appropriate medicine. Furthermore, authors considered importance of Hippocratic medicine related to Creative psychopharmacotherapy based on therapeutic communication and the creative satisfaction of needs in the therapeutic relationship with patients and in the recovery itself. Finally, an example of creatively use of the principle of Hippocratic medicine: "work as the most appropriate medicine" in therapeutic communication with patients through an ecological approach called "Ecopsychiatry", under the slogan presented in the media to the general public: "Cleansing nature improves your mental health" was described.

INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study on the systematic cause of 1,863 patients with AUD recorded in the TK health system. RESULTS Among 1004 (53.9%) patients with AUD, somatic diseases were present; in men: arterial hypertension 573 (31.7%), alcoholic liver disease 269 (14.9%), diabetes mellitus 211 (11.7%); and in women: arterial hypertension 27 (49.1%), diabetes mellitus 27 (49.1%), elevated lipoproteins 3 (5.5%); alcoholic liver disease 1 (1.8%) and anemia 1 (1.8%). Among 1196 (64,2%) patients with AUD, neurological diseases were present; in men: cognitive impairment 627 (34.7%), post-stroke condition 418 (23.1%), polyneuropathy 269 (14.9%); and in women, post stroke condition 28 (50.9%). Psychiatric comorbidity was determined in 1619 (86.9%) patients with AUD; in men: depressive disorder 806 (44.6%), personality disorder 660 (36.5%), while nicotine addiction 27 (1.5%) and dementia 13 (0.7%) were least present; in women: personality disorder 33 (60.0%), neurotic disorder 27 (49.1%), depressive disorder 22 (40.0%). The largest number of patients with somatic (787 or 42.25%), neurological (939 or 50.40%) and psychiatric comorbidity (939 or 50.40%) belonged to the age group 55-64.9 years. CONCLUSION Slightly more than half of the patients with AUD were diagnosed with somatic diseases, almost two thirds were diagnosed with neurological diseases and with more than four fifths of patients were diagnosed with psychiatric diseases. Of the somatic diseases the most common ones were, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholic liver disease; from neurological diseases: cognitive impairment, post-stroke condition and polyneuropathy; and the most common of psychiatric illnesses were depressive disorder and personality disorder. The largest number of patients are in the ages of 55-64.9.

BACKGROUNDS Written historical evidence reveals that Cannabis sativa has been used medically, recreationally and spiritually for more than five centuries in many cultures. It is considered the most-used plant-based psychoactive substance with millions of different usages across the world. To review what the studies, conducted over the past two decades, indicate about effects of the cannabis on physical and mental health as well as the impact on social functioning. METHODS We selected literature review using PubMed resources, to summarize the findings of the existing publications on cannabis and cannabinoids and their possible psychopharmacological therapeutic effects only. RESULTS Research supports cannabis' clear acute effect on neurocognition, while non-acute effects for prolonged use of marijuana are unclear and still insufficiently explored. Due to cannabidiol's (CBD) safety and tolerability, the absence of psychoactive or cognitive effects, the existence of clinical trials with positive results and its broad pharmacological spectrum, CBD is a cannabinoid whose initial results will likely lead to implementation into clinical practice. The fact that the results of previous studies establish the claim of CBD as an antipsychotic and anxiolytic, makes the above developments even more likely. However, long-term, double-blind, placebo studies with samples of patients with different psychotic and anxiety disorders are still necessary. Likewise, due to CBD's biphasic effects, determining an adequate therapeutic dose remains a challenge to conclude, the cannabinoid system represents a promising target for new therapeutic interventions in psychiatry. CONCLUSION Further controlled studies are essential to determine the precise mechanisms of action of cannabinoids on various neuropsychiatric disorders as well as the safety of their use are needed. Never just the use of 'smoking cannabis in an unlicenced way'. The use of simple 'smoked cannabis' remains dangerous because of the effects on inducing psychosis which the article itself refers to, and needs to remain illegal.

It is well known that emotions have always attracted the special attention of both laymen and scientists because life without emotions is unthinkable. Emotions prepare us for all life circumstances regardless of their qualities and intensities. Reviewing the available literature, the authors described the phenomenon of emotional contamination and its importance in interpersonal relationships with a focus on "infecting" other people's emotions. Research has shown that individuals mimic facial expressions as well as other emotional reactions of others by emotional contamination in interaction with another person manifesting emotional behavior, and in such situations mimic model reactions, with the perception of their own reactions eliciting an appropriate emotional state. They stressed the importance of patient's perceptions of the emotions of the physicians treating them and the caring attitude that is crucial to contributing to treatment outcomes in clinical practice. Specific expectations between the patient and his physician, when they meet and achieve a physician-patient relationship, reduce uncertainty, and play a useful and crucial role in healing. A caring emotional practitioner who can effectively connect with patients is a huge boon to health. The connection of emotional contamination with creative psychopharmacotherapy and with several therapeutic options is especially described, determined in different ways either through narrative psychopharmacotherapy, through assertive and positive communication, creating a favorable and positive therapeutic relationship whereby a partnership is created, which together leads to the main goal, which is the successful treatment of the patient to the mutual satisfaction. It is useful for patients to have a doctor who spends more time with them and listens carefully and, with adequate emotions, strongly and effectively facilitates treatment. They conclude that emotional contamination is a phenomenon that happens every day in life, especially in specific situations, and that it is up to professionals to use this type of therapeutic opportunity and assistance in the right way to help their patients and be creative in a psychopharmacotherapeutic sense.

BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance. Cannabis can be used by smoking, evaporation, as a food ingredient, or as an extract. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be detrimental to several aspects of psychological and physical health and many experimental studies done on healthy people indicate the potential of Δ9- tetra hydro cannabinoid (THC) in inducing transient, dose-dependent psychotic symptoms, but also affective, behavioral, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychophysical symptoms. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug globally. In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalize its use. The wave of laws and initiatives to liberalize cannabis use continues to spread across the United States and the rest of the world, and there seems to be a political debate in the background about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use. Aim is to present the possible consequences that the legalization of cannabis would have from the aspect of mental health and mental disorders. METHODS Authors reviewed the literature using PubMed resources on the effects of cannabis using the keywords: cannabis use, cannabis use and psychoticism, cannabis use and depression, cannabis use and anxiety, cannabis use and cognition, cannabis use and insomnia, legalization of cannabis. RESULTS Authors examined the effects of cannabis use on psychiatric disorders and the review of the legal status of cannabis use in the world was also made. The possible consequences of cannabis legalization on the public health system were also considered, based on experiences from countries where legalization has already been done. The evidence cited in this article suggests that strong claims about the need to legalize cannabis are still questionable, and may, even in the long run, remain mixed, inconclusive, or even contradictory. Political interference in this issue can trigger a wide range of unintended but profound and lasting consequences for the health system and the health of the individual. CONCLUSION We recommend further research on this topic and data collection with an emphasis on the effects and consequences of cannabis use on mental health, and in particular the benefits and harmful effects of medical cannabis use.

Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition of substance dependence is the loss of control. Gambling addiction belongs to non-substance / non-chemical addictions or behavioral/behavioral addictions. The concept of behavioral addictions is new and revolutionary in psychiatry. Gambling addiction, formerly pathological or problematic gambling occurs due to loss of control over gambling. There is growing evidence to suggest that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains, including phenomenology, tolerance, comorbidity, overlapping genetic contribution, neurobiological mechanisms, and response to treatment. Behavioral addiction has been proposed as a new class in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual Fifth Revision (DSM-5), but the only category included is gambling addiction. The prevalence of gambling disorders in adolescence is very high and for certain disorders (especially related to the use of the Internet) it becomes more pronounced over time. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive overview of gambling disorders from definition, epidemiology, manifestations, comorbidities, assessment, treatment options, and existing forms of treatment. Given the complexity of the approach to the treatment of gamblers, a creative individualized integrative approach is necessary, which is the basis of creative psychopharmacotherapy. Due to the possibility of the emergence of problem gambling and other impulse-control deficits we need to be very careful when commencing a patient on dopamine replacement therapy or therapy with aripiprazole.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain as well as the role of psyche in etiology of somatic diseases. He also describes certain psychiatric diseases along with the explanation of their etiology and recommended therapy. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions.

The paper researches the landscape transformation of the surface mines of the Đurđevik coal basin (northeastern Bosnia region), where 35.24 Mt of brown coal were produced in the past 74 years, and 227.40 Mm3 of overburden was excavated and disposed of. This type of coal exploitation caused the formation concave and convex of anthropogenic relief forms which ultimately led to significant landscape transformation. These transformations were identified and geovisualized on the basis of field research and comparative GIS analysis of archival maps, satellite images, Digital Elevation Models and plans of this area. As a result of the research, especially comparative GIS analysis of two prepared terrain models of surface mines, the transformation of hypsometry, slope and aspect, hydrographic network, pedological as well as vegetation cover were determined. Obtained geospatial data are geo-visualized in QGIS, and as a result, thematic maps were created to provide insight into the essence of transformations. Therefore, established indicators of landscape transformation can serve as a significant factor in planning the revitalization and land re-cultivation of devastated areas in the Đurđevik coal basin.

The focus of this study is a spatial analysis of the industry distribution and concentration, on the example of municipality of Tesanj (Bosnia and Herzegovina), based on the application of GIS methods. Municipality of Tesanj is one of the most developed municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Tesanj?s industry significantly contributes to the economic development of this country. GIS analysis of industry was based on the field work, locating and georeferencing industrial companies, acquisition, adaptation, adjustment and validation of digital surface models and google satellite imagery, mapping of relief, hydrography and transport network. With the aim of geovisualization of spatial distribution of industry, spatial descriptive statistics and non-parametric density estimation analysis (Kernel Density Estimation) were performed. In order to determine the distribution of industry in relation to relief (elevation, slope, and aspect), hydrography and transport network, GIS techniques of reclassification, vectorization, count point in polygons, buffer and clip geoprocessing tools were used. Conducted research provided a new insight into the data mining and visualization based on principles of QGIS, the effects of geographic factors on industry distribution, and confirmed the importance of relief, hydrographic and transport network on the concentration of industry in municipality Tesanj.

Introduction/Objective. The diffuse axonal injury has a very important place in clinical and forensic aspects of neurotraumatology. A special challenge is proving it in situations of short survival (less than two hours) after a craniocerebral injury. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of beta-amyloid precursor protein (?APP) immunohistochemical staining in postmortem diagnosis of axonal injuries in head injury survival shorter than two hours, its expression and distribution through the brain tissue of the deceased. Methods. 36 adult fatalities, both sexes, injured by acceleration-deceleration mechanisms were divided into two groups: died up to two hours and died more than two hours after the injury. Immunostaining of brain tissue samples (frontal parasagittal white mass, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and rostral pons) was used to register ?APP positivity. Data were processed by methods of descriptive and inferential nonparametric statistics, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The ?APP immunopositivity was shown in 88.9% of cases (82.3% of ? two hours group vs. 94.7% of > two hours group). ?APP expression was enhanced towards the posterior structures of the brain. The shortest survival period with detected ?APP immunopositivity was 20-25 minutes, in three cases. There was an association of ?APP expression in the brainstem and interhemispheric/paramesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.035). Conclusion. ?APP immunohistochemical staining is effective in proving diffuse axonal injury in casualties that survived less than half an hour. Interhemispheric/paramesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage may indicate a more severe form of axonal injury.

Days of Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AMNuBiH) this year was organized together with International Academy of Sciences and Arts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (IANUBIH) in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina on December 4th, 2021. At this conference held two meetings: Symposium with title “Sciontometry, Citation, Plagiarsim and Predatory in the Scintific Publishing” and "SWEP 2021" with title "Design of Observational Clinical Studies" (1-4). Reasons for this titles werw very frequent cases in the academic and scientific publications about four mentioned topics of the Symposium in the Bosnia and Herzegovina and other countries in Balcan region, but also worldwide. Authors of the presentations at the conference came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia, USA and Poland. Days were organized as hybrid meetings: over twenty participants have been in conference room of the hotel Holiday in Sarajevo, over 50 participants followed presentations of the conference via zoom technology. Within presenters of thir experiences in the scientific area covered by title of this conference were some of most influential scientists from Bosnia and Herzegovina who are included between 2% of authors deposited in the Stanford scientometric list, which were published several months ago. Also, some of authors are former or current Editorsin-Chiefs of indexed biomdical journals in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia (Izet Masic, Asim Kurjak, Doncho Donev, Osman Sinanovic). Also, Sylwia Ufnalska and Izet Masic are or have been members bof the European Associacion of Scince Editors (EASE) and and they have great expriences about topic of this cnference (5, 6). Participants and titles of the presentations at the Symposium “Scientometrics, Citation, Plagiarism and Predatory in Science Publishing" were as follows: News, Received: Dec 08 2021, Accepted: Dec 26, doi: 10.5455/ijbh.2021.9.300-303, Int J Biomed Healthc. 2021; 9(4): 300-303