The aim of the study was to determine the psychological characteristics of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. The study included a sample of 30 respondents. The sample consisted of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, chronologically aged 25 to 60. The research was conducted at the Centre for Children with Multiple Disabilities “Koraci Nade”. For the purpose of checking the set research aim, Symptom ChecklistSCL-90-R, consisting of a list of 90 particles (problems), was applied, and the task was to assess the respondent's anxiety about each of the aforementioned problems over the past week (e.g., headaches, tension or anxiety, excessive worrying). The survey data were processed using the parametric statistics method. Central tendency measures, dispersion measures were calculated, and a tabular presentation of the results was done. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the mothers of children with cerebral palsy have the most pronounced problems in areas of somatization, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, as well as anxiety.

Plitvice Lakes National Park is the largest national park in Croatia and also the oldest from 1949. It was added to the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List in 1979, due to the unique physicochemical and biological conditions that have led to the creation of 16 named and several smaller unnamed lakes, which are cascading one into the next. Previous scientific research proved that the increased amount of dissolved organic matter (pollution) stops the travertine processes on Plitvice Lakes. Therefore, this complex, dynamic but also fragile geological, biological and hydrological system required a comprehensive limnological survey. Thirteen of the sixteen lakes mentioned above were initially surveyed from the air by an unmanned aircraft equipped with a survey grade GNSS and a full frame high-resolution full-screen camera. From these recordings, a georeferenced, high-resolution orthophoto was generated, on which the following surveys by a multibeam sonar depended. It is important to mention that this was the first time that these lakes had ever been surveyed both with the multibeam sonar technique and with such a high-resolution camera. Due to the fact that these thirteen lakes are difficult to reach and often too shallow for a boat-mounted sonar, a special autonomous surface vehicle was developed. The lakes were surveyed by the autonomous surface vehicle mounted with a multibeam sonar to create detailed bathymetric models of the lakes. The missions were planned for the surface vehicle based on the orthophoto from the preliminary studies. A detailed description of the methodology used to survey the different lakes is given here. In addition, the resulting high-resolution bathymetric maps are presented and analysed together with an overview of average, maximum depths and number of data points. Numerous interesting depressions, which are phenomena consistent with previous studies of Plitvice Lakes, are noted at the lake beds and their causes are discussed. This study shows the huge potential of remote sensing technologies integrated into autonomous vehicles in terms of much faster surveys, several orders of magnitude more data points (compared to manual surveys of a few decades ago), as well as data accuracy, precision and georeferencing.

BACKGROUND Cognitive failures impair the quality of life. Students are often exposed to stressful situations, struggle to make a balance in life, have time management issues and tend to procrastinate, feel too much pressure to succeed, and find it difficult to cope with study and exam anxiety. In this study, we investigated cognitive failures through psychosocial variables in daily life of students and relationship between anxiety and cognitive failures. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 students (78.29 % female and 21.71 % male). Medical students comprised 52.57 % of the sample (n = 92), while 47.43 % were psychology students (n = 83). All students were in the first year of education at University of Sarajevo. The survey used the sociodemographic questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety (Form Y), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire CFQ. Results were obtained by independent sample test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). 26) students, 130 %) statistically significantly the total of cognitive failures, forgetfulness, distractibility, and false subscales. largest total CFQ 0.453, and anxiety could cause cognitive failures. Student life in addition to the obligations and pressures created by academic engagement itself involves many changes and just thinking about it can cause anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the undesirable outcomes that cognitive failures can cause maladaptive student habits and anxiety. It should be a treated as a critical public health issue.

Selection of Sustainable Suppliers is a key term in sustainable supply chain management. This is the reason to choose the supplier who will support the company to implement sustainability in its business, especially in the supply chain. The aim of this paper is to establish a new innovative model for decision-making based on a fuzzy approach. This decision-making problem is solved by applying multi-criteria decision-making since there are several criteria according to which a decision should be made: economic, social, and environmental. In order to make the final decision on the supply chain better and safer, the social criteria were modified in this paper, adding ethical criteria. The example with modified social criteria in this paper was shown on the example of the company "Voćar" Brčko, which deals with the production of food products. In this paper, the fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking, according to the Compromise Solution Method, was used. The findings have shown that supplier A1 has the best results, which were confirmed with the first sensitivity analysis. However, the second sensitivity analysis has shown that supplier A5 was better than supplier A1 in 14 scenarios. Due to these findings, no unanimous decision can be made about which supplier among the two, in this case, would contribute more. This paper has shown that the selection of sustainable suppliers is crucial for any company focused on the principles of sustainability in business. Moreover, this paper has shown that it is sometimes very difficult to select just one supplier.

Public servants responsiveness and administrative responsibilities to their constituents in local communities are identified through the set of ethical standards predominantly resulting in good governance. Some researchers and practitioners in the field of integrity and ethics concur with the premise of administrative responsibility and responsiveness operating under holistic approaches to understanding climate resilience. This analysis contends with the traditional views of the theory of social choice and administrative burden to stipulate a suitable ethical framework and understanding of ethics in considering climate resilience. The research takes into consideration the principles and structure of moral expectations and measurable outcomes related to climate resilience through the Quadruple Bottom Line lens. The good governance in resilience is explored using an exploratory data analysis of local governments through resilience planning supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, which funded 100 Resilient Cities initiative. The sample size consisted of thirty cities with the obtainable resilience or climate actions plans and a review of their governance efforts through those documents and detailed plans. The research offers a preliminary report of the ongoing efforts in cities and regions to combat climate change, coupled with the ethical considerations and administrative responsibility to frame the administrators’ role in deliberation to climate resilience. The research findings assert a prototype ethical framework for review by administrators to augment administrative responsiveness to climate change threats and increase climate resilience.

BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-cell communication in different types of tumors, carrying multiple layers of biological functional molecules, including proteins, RNA, DNA and lipids. We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EV) from central nervous system tumors reflect the molecular subtype of the original tumor and mediate an exchange of pro-oncogenic signals. Their implication as biomarkers in tumor disease is under current investigation. It is unclear, however, to what extent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EVs from intraspinal tumors are utilizable for diagnostical purposes and how their marker profiles overlap with EVs derived from non tumorous EVs. We analyzed CSF EVs of intraspinal tumors to define CSF EV profiles that allow tumor subtype classification. METHODS: EVs were isolated from CSF of patients suffering from intraspinal meningioma (n=5), ependymoma (n=7) and neurinoma (n=5). Patients suffering from normal pressure hydrocephalus were used as controls (n=5). EVs were analyzed by multiplex bead based assay, immunoblotting, electron microscopy and NTA. RESULTS: CSF EVs were 97.21 ± 3.37nm (intraspinal tumor patients) and 101.6 ± 3.68nm (controls) in sizes and showed vesicular structures by electron microscopy. Particle number were not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.103). Using our 37 protein mutliplex EV profiling kit we found 29 proteins to be expressed in a sufficient manner on CSF EVs. CSF EVs of intraspinal meningioma showed elevated CD62P, HLA-DR, CD40, CD42a and CD45 expression levels, while ependymoma showed decreased levels of CD9, CD63, CD81, whereas neurinomas had elevated levels of SSEA-3 and CD25. CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive analysis of CSF EV of intraspinal tumor patients. CSF EV display distinct subpopulations that may allow tumor classification and long-term surveillance. However as tumor-specific EVs may be rare, there is still the need to identify markers that can enrich tumor-specific EVs for molecular profiling.

This clinical randomized study aimed to evaluate the early plaque formation on nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes having either a dense (d‐PTFE) or an expanded (e‐PTFE) microstructure and exposed to the oral cavity.

Este trabalho pretende mostrar como foi idealizado e como funciona na atualidade o Centro Regional de Estudos, Prevencao e Recuperacao de Dependentes Quimicos (CENPRE), um programa de extensao permanente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). O CENPRE surgiu a partir das atividades extensionistas desenvolvidas pelo antigo Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas (DCF), hoje Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), e foi idealizado para cumprir os objetivos das diretrizes de prevencao ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Inserido no contexto do Hospital universitario da FURG, o CENPRE conduz suas atividades utilizando uma abordagem interdisciplinar, composta pelo trabalho de um psiquiatra, tres psicologos, duas enfermeiras, um terapeuta familiar, uma assistente social e uma farmaceutica. Adicionalmente, este centro de pesquisas se mantem integrado a comunidade academica e a populacao em geral, com vistas a promocao da saude, a prevencao e ao tratamento de transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. O CENPRE se consolidou como um centro de referencia e apoio a formacao de recursos humanos por meio de acoes educativas e atividades de ensino; alem de fomentar a pesquisa por intermedio de estudos epidemiologicos em comunidades locais e regionais.

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7,007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = .49 [.43, .55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one’s group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.

1968 was a watershed year not only for the new left but even more so for the rise of the New Right. It turns out that, if 1968 “prepared” 1989 as the next turning point in European and world history, it was probably more through the new right’s forging of ideas that would eventually provide ideological justification for illiberal democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. Yugoslavia is an important site in this history not only because of its early exposure to the ideas of the new right through the work of the painter and publicist Dragoš Kalajić but also because in his seminal book The Philosophy of Parochialism (1969), Radomir Konstantinović anticipated the rise of the new right and offered a penetrating critique of its fundamental premises.

In this paper we analyze the different ways in which COVID-19 is used as a carrier of cultural communication, whereupon it appears as a signifier of other socio-cultural phenomena and as a conveyer of messages of such communication. Accordingly, this paper will not observe health plan of COVID-19, nor the accompanying sociological phenomena of the epidemic in the strict sense of the word, but will focus instead on the cultural dimension of the infection. As a cultural phenomenon, the process of the planetary spread of COVID-19 infection – and hence the virus itself – can be viewed as an ambiguous symbol through which the collective experience of reality is constructed and communicated, perceived and interpreted. By relying on the decades-long tradition of Serbian ethnology and anthropology in the modified application of structural-semantic analysis, we define the use of COVID-19 as a symbolic means of cultural communication, here seen as indexical. This means that the said communication is organized on the principle that “A indicates B”, where the signifying A refers to the metaphorical and metonymic use of the disease, and B refers to various social phenomena related to it. As a metonymy, the considered phenomenon can be seen in the light of the classical binary division of purity and danger, whereupon the virus, in the cultural sense, divides the whole social reality into pure (still unpolluted) and impure aspects, one corresponding to the “normal” condition of things, and the other indicating a sense of explicit danger – not only from infection, but from the collapse of the social system and the disintegration of public health and community as well. As a metaphor, we observe the virus in relation to the official political instrumentalization of the discourse of warfare, which – depending on who employs it, and why – generates different notions on the “invisible enemy”, war victims (deceased as a consequence of infection) and “(super) heroes” (primarily, health workers, but also state officials and other public figures). COVID-19 is, however, peculiar because it can also play the role of an inverse sign, by which common cultural concepts and representations are perverted, destabilizing the shared sense of “real” and “normal”.

18F-FDG PET/CT is the most widely used diagnostic modality for detection of malignant disease. Beside the visual insight of FDG pathways into the human body, PET/CT can give valuable information based on the SUV values. The SUV is a quantitative parameter of metabolic activity. FDG application has 2 major impacts on PET/CT: qualitative aspect (visual insight of FDG in the body) and quantitative aspect (degradation of the SUV values). Based on the literature, FDG extravasation incidence is 31% for all PET/CT studies and in 8% of all cases extravasation has been visually confirmed since the application place has been in the field of view. By constantly developing the technique, work methodology and increasing the quality control of the staff in the PET/CT department, the incidence of extravasation can be significantly reduced based on the results from the literature. In the case when paravenous injection is present on PET/CT images we can use certain software procedures to improve image quality and SUV quanitification.

Introduction: Radiation therapy has long played an integral role in the manage¬ment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC), both for organ preservation and to improve tumor control in the postoperative setting. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy treatment. Many sources have reported volume reductions in the primary target, nodal volumes, and parotid glands over treatment, which may result in unintended dosimetric changes affecting the side effect profile and even efficacy of the treatment. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is an interesting treatment paradigm that has been developed to directly adjust to these changes.Material and methods: This research contains the results of 15 studies, including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies. The researches analyze the impact of radiation therapy on changes in tumor volume and the relationship with planned radiation dose delivery, as well as the possibility of using adaptive radiotherapy in response to identified changes. Also, medical articles and abstracts that are closely related to the title of adaptive radiotherapy were researched.Results: The application of ART significantly improved the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer, as well as two-year locoregional control of the disease. The average time to apply ART is the middle of the treatment course approximately 17 to 20 fractions of the treatment.Conclusion: Based on systematic review of the literature, evidence based changes in target volumes and dose reduction at OAR, adaptive radiotherapy is recommended treatment for most of the patients with head and neck cancer with the support of image-guided radiotherapy.

Introduction: Today film-based technologies are largely abandoned in dental radiology. New technologies based on digital detectors are being adopted. This change is part of the global digitalization of radiological procedures. A person operating the radiological device needs to be educated and well informed about radiological procedures and technologies, as well as to know how the system operates and to be sure about the dose required for the adequate image quality. The awareness of radiation doses received by patients is necessary for the estimation of risk from ionizing radiation. Material and methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patient doses in intraoral dental radiology affect image quality. The study included subjective analysis of radiological image quality for an intraoral x-ray device with possibility to use both digital and film detector. Subjective assessment of image quality is performed according to criteria taken from the literature and is expressed using the Likert scale, grade 1–5. In order to improve the quality of inferential statistics related ratings to detector quality and image quality were collected, thus introducing two variables: the detector quality index and the technique quality index. Results: Z-test proportions column shows that the number of grades four given as a contrast score is significantly higher in the RVG detector (65%) compared to the film (40%). There is also a significant difference in the number of given grades five as a rating of the apex preview. The share of grades five in film is 19%, while in RVG it is 42%. It is similar in the evaluation of the preview of the dental canal, where there is also a significant difference in the number of given grades five, so that the share in the film is 11% and in RVG 35%. Conclusion: Analysis of the subjective quality of the radiological image in devices for intraoral radiography with the possibility of recording using digital and film detectors indicates that the digital detector is superior to film in low contrast resolution, apex and dental canal preview.

Introduction: Mammography represents a very accessible diagnostic method that has been accepted as the initial method of examining women over the age of 40 worldwide. It is a method with a high percentage of accuracy (80-90%) in the detection of breast cancer in patients without symptoms. However, there may be a significant overlap of mammographic presentation of benign and malignant changes in the structural tissue of the breast. The ultrasound method of breast examination is invaluable in breaking down between solid and cystic changes, as well as for clarifying palpable lumps in the breast. In almost 98% of cases, ultrasound examination can distinguish whether it is a benign or malignant change. The aim of this study is to prove the correlation between mammography and ultrasound methods of breast examination. Material and methods: The examination was performed as a retrospective prospective descriptive study in the Department for radiological and ultrasound diagnostics of the Derventa Health Center. The study included 80 female respondents who consented to the recording. Based on the performed ultrasound and mammography images, a qualitative analysis was made. A comparison of the sensitivity of the breast imaging between mammography and ultrasound imaging was performed. Results: Comparing mammography and ultrasound examination according to BI-RADS classification, based on Pearson's correlation coefficient, we concluded that there is a strong correlation between these two tests (r = 0.743), which is statistically significant (p <0.005). The correlation, in addition to having a strong connection, moves in a positive direction, that is, by increasing the value of BI-RADS of one diagnostic procedure, there is an increase in another. Conclusion: By analyzing the obtained results, we can conclude that mammography and ultrasound methods of breast examination are complementary methods, which complement each other, and which are not perfect. However, these two methods certainly have their place in breast cancer screening.