In today’s modern world, more than ever before, students are faced with entrepreneurship based on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a reasonable and justified career choice. Whether their career choice would be successful or not depends a lot on the level of system support through entrepreneurial ecosystem during their education. The main objective of this paper is to present the current assessment, indicate the problems and possible solutions regarding the entrepreneurial infrastructure, culture and potential of higher education institutions in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this, we have researched the level of the system support to students for development and launch of their ICT based start-ups during and after their university education respecting different educational profiles and demographic characteristics. The research covers the sample of 436 students from seven higher education institutions in Banja Luka at their bachelor studies and includes focus groups, survey, descriptive and inferential statistical methods. We have found significant discrepancy between university ICT programs and infrastructure and student needs. For instance, a quite large number of students interested in ICT industry attended some kind of informal education from this domain and at the same time they were unaware that those and similar programs were freely available at their universities. In this paper we have identified those and similar gaps and compared our research results with similar results in other countries.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by ARDA. Abstract Background: The subject of this research is the creation of an optimal school bench design with the aim of determining the most favorable posture of students while sitting, taking into account the relevant ergonometric and biomechanical characteristics of the human body. For the proposed model of the school bench which allows adjusting the different slopes of its surface, the corresponding computer model of the student and the table was first created, and then biomechanical and RULA analysis was performed in order to determine the maximum load in the lumbar part. Next, for each test subject of given weight, it was necessary to determine the amount of maximum load in lumbar zone L3/L4 for different slope angles and to determine the critical angles at which the maximum permissible load of 3400 N is reached.

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl−), and phosphate (PO4)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca > Mg > Na > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm−3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developing countries. Important etiological factors in this cancer are high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), as roughly 96% of cervical cancer cases are positive for these oncoviruses. On the other hand, it has been recently pointed out that E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPV can upregulate the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Likewise, several recent reports showed that checkpoint blockades targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have achieved efficient clinical responses via suppressing cancer progression and improving survival in several types of human cancers including metastatic cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and its interaction with high-risk HPV and their oncoproteins, which could have an important impact on the management of HPV-associated cancers including cervical.

Već sedamdesetih godina dvadesetoga stoljeća razvijeni su prvi koncepti suvremenoga pojma medijske pismenosti. Nakon toga uslijedilo je nekoliko inicijativa da bi se bolje prepoznala važnost učenja i nužnost razvoja medijske pismenosti. Devedesetih godina dolazi do institucionalizacije medijske pismenosti i do definiranja osnovnih smjernica i elemenata potrebnih za razvoj i implementaciju medijske pismenosti u društvu. Otada pa sve do danas koncept medijske pismenosti ubrzano se mijenjao. Dinamičan i ubrzan razvoj informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija, pojava novih medija i medijskih navika konzumenata doveli su do promjene samoga koncepta i razumijevanja medijske pismenosti. Dotad se medijska pismenost prepoznavala kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od negativnih medijskih poruka i sadržaja (najčešće djece i mladih), a potom i kao instrument za zaštitu konzumenata od tehnologije te kao preduvjet za bolju građansku participaciju. Danas tumačenje pojma medijske pismenosti promatramo i u zavisnosti od društva i konteksta u kojem se medijska pismenost koristi i na način kako se razvija. Prema tome, koncept i primjena u ovisnosti su o geografskom i tehnološkom pristupu medijima, a samim time i o evaluaciji i načinu na koji komuniciramo preko različitih medija. Stoga bi današnji koncept medijske pismenosti predstavljao oružje ili oruđe za borbu protiv negativnih medijskih sadržaja, manipulacije, lažnih vijesti, obmana, propagande, dezinformacija, a u svrhu kritičkoga i kreativnog izražavanja i bolje građanske participacije.

The Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) erosion map was made in 1985, however, over a period of 35 years, there has been a substantial change in the values of most erosion factors, resulting in the change of the erosion intensity. Changes relate to demographics, urbanization and land use as well as climate. The increase in temperature and the occurrence of extremes caused significant environmental and economic consequences (May 2014 floods). This situation is more pronounced in the northern part of the country, especially in the lower parts of the larger basins. Risk assessment procedures using modern software and hardware solutions can help decision-makers to recognize sites where forest should not be cut down, certain crops should not be grown or soil conversation measures are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this research is to estimate the intensity of erosion processes in one such watershed in BiH the Brka watershed, taking into consideration current conditions and using modern hardware and software solutions. To calculate erosion intensity the Gavrilovic method supported with GIS techniques was used. The soil protection (x), soil erodibility (y) and type and extent of erosion (φ) coefficients were calculated using digital maps: CORINE 2018 (grid size 100 m x 100 m) land cover, soil map of BiH and open-source satellite images. The slope was calculated from the BiH digital elevation model (25 m x 25 m). The Brka watershed area (184.09 km 2 ) was divided into four basins: Maočka Rijeka (51.56 km 2 ), Rahička Rijeka (24.26 km 2 ), Zovičica (75.30 km 2 ) and direct basin of Brka (32.94 km 2 ). The highest average erosion intensity was determined for Zovičica basin, where Z=0.56. The calculated mean annual production of sediment per basin varies from 5,746 for Rahička Rijeka to 57,089 m 3 year -1 for Zovičica, with total Brka river watershed sediment yield of 120,754 m 3 year -1 .

Although the Internet has become the essence of communication, from an advertiser’s perspective digital advertising remains underexplored. This paper examines the effects of digital media buying efforts on advertisers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while looking into the methodology of digital media usage behind the actual effects. A combination of secondary research analysis and qualitative research techniques was used. The empirical part is based on in-depth interviews with advertisers and representatives from the digital advertising industry.Perceptions and knowledge of digital advertising are the key drivers for a successful implementation of digital media buying, and advertisers in Bosnia and Herzegovina are aware of its most distinctive qualities. The success of the media buying campaigns relies on brand objectives and choosing the means suited for fulfilling the given goals, which in turn leads to the findings that the focus of companies’ strategies is directed towards the cost-efficient medium usage, rather than solely performance-oriented ones. Measurement of the effects and return on the investment depends on the success of setting up a goal and isolating digital from other marketing efforts.

This paper presents a low-cost, single sensor autonomous mobile robot. The proposed system is able to map an indoor environment, while at the same time localizing itself within it, and solving the SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) problem using data gathered from the sensor. It is able to navigate the environment, choosing safe paths for exploration based on the data acquired by mapping and localization. The system is based on commercially available, in-expensive hardware, while the software is developed with open-source ROS (Robot Operating System) packages. The ability for autonomous navigation of the proposed system has been verified through real-world experiments. The system offers a simple to build platform, which can easily be extended.