Objective – We present herein a new case and survey comprehensively literature on this rare condition. Case report – A 9-yearold girl with a medical history of surgical correction of clubfoot three months earlier presented to our department with an incidentally detected abdominal mass during diagnostic workup for orthopedic surgery. A CT scan revealed a solid right extra-adrenal mass measuring 7×6 cm. It was compressing/involving the infrahepatic part of inferior vena cava, right renal vein and artery with an incomplete encasing of the abdominal aorta. The surgery was successfully performed. The histopathological analysis confirmed GN. Conclusions – Although pediatric extra-adrenal retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (GN) are rare, their propensity for enveloping major blood vessels is not. GNs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any circumscribed retroperitoneal mass. These tumors can be successfully treated with surgery that leads to an excellent outcome, even in case of incomplete resections with tumor residuals <2 cm.

Materials‐binding peptides have the capability to specifically recognize 2D nanomaterials and their modification via covalent attachment of nonnatural moieties offers exciting under‐explored possibilities to tune and exploit this recognition property. Here, an integrated suite of experimental approaches is used to reveal how conjugation of a fatty‐acid chain modifies surface adsorption of a graphene‐binding peptide, P1, achieved using quartz crystal microbalance measurements to access biomolecule adsorption free energies at the aqueous graphene interface, atomic force microscopy to investigate the overlayer morphologies, and circular dichroism spectroscopy to probe peptide secondary structures in the unadsorbed state. To complement these data, replica‐exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations predict the conformations of these biomolecules in both the surface‐bound and unbound states. Conjugation of the fatty acid dramatically modifies the surface‐adsorbed conformations. However, these conformational changes do not lead to substantial differences in the graphene binding strengths for each of the biomolecules studied, due to enthalpic/entropic compensation arising from changes to the contributions of peptide/graphene, peptide/fatty acid, and fatty acid/graphene interactions. These findings provide a fundamental basis for guiding future modification of materials‐binding peptides to adapt their binding propensities for applications using 2D nanomaterials.

In recent decades, conventional medicine has begun to include natural remedies and spiritual therapy in the treatment of people with mental disorders, and in recent years, physicians and healthcare professionals more often refer to alternative and complementary methods in the treatment of mental disorders. Alternative medicine includes “other treatments” and a more suitable term would be complementary medicine which supplements the definition of conventional medicine ac-cepted by the World Health Organization. After the rise of pharmaceutical industry in the second half of the 20 th century and significant advancement in the treatment of mental disorders, comes a period of disappointment and acceptance of the fact that synthetic drugs are not omnipotent and may have serious and unpleasant side-effects. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest in the treatment of mental disorders with the use of complementary methods. It is important to note that these methods are not a substitute for standard treatment procedures and their appropriate application does not diminish the importance of classical treatment of psychiatric disorders. Numerous patients refuse classical therapy and seek the help of complementary medicine methods. It is therefore important for physicians and healthcare professionals to have knowledge of complementary medicine which is science based and advises on treatment methods provided they are scientifically justified.

There is an urgent need to apply available technologies to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry. One of the possible solutions that can be implemented immediately is the industrial symbiosis between the waste-producing industries on the one hand and the cement industry, which consumes enormous amounts of raw materials for its production, on the other. In order for the industry to accelerate the use of these available materials and technologies, the potential of these materials must be disclosed. The present study shows a systematic approach to assess the potential of waste materials, by-products, and other raw materials available in the South East Europe that can be used in cement production. Their evaluation included the analysis of their availability, their chemical and physical properties, their chemical reactivity, and their contribution to the mortar’s strength. Based on the results and the analyses carried out, a recommendation for immediate use in the construction sector is given for each of the materials collected.

Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20128-w

Underwater cultural heritage sites are subject to constant change, whether due to natural forces such as sediments, waves, currents or human intervention. Until a few decades ago, the documentation and research of these sites was mostly done manually by diving archaeologists. This paper presents the results of the integration of remote sensing technologies with autonomous marine vehicles in order to make the task of site documentation even faster, more accurate, more efficient and more precisely georeferenced. It includes the integration of multibeam sonar, side scan sonar and various cameras into autonomous surface and underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle. In total, case studies for nine underwater cultural heritage sites around the Mediterranean region are presented. Each case study contains a brief archaeological background of the site, the methodology of using autonomous marine vehicles and sensors for their documentation, and the results in the form of georeferenced side-scan sonar mosaics, bathymetric models or reconstructed photogrammetric models. It is important to mention that this was the first time that any of the selected sites were documented with sonar technologies or autonomous marine vehicles. The main objective of these surveys was to document and assess the current state of the sites and to establish a basis on which future monitoring operations could be built and compared. Beyond the mere documentation and physical preservation, examples of the use of these results for the digital preservation of the sites in augmented and virtual reality are presented.

The category ${\rm CM}(B_{k,n}) $ of Cohen-Macaulay modules over a quotient $B_{k,n}$ of a preprojective algebra provides a categorification of the cluster algebra structure on the coordinate ring of the Grassmannian variety of $k$-dimensional subspaces in $\mathbb C^n$, \cite{JKS16}. Among the indecomposable modules in this category are the rank $1$ modules which are in bijection with $k$-subsets of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$, and their explicit construction has been given by Jensen, King and Su. These are the building blocks of the category as any module in ${\rm CM}(B_{k,n}) $ can be filtered by them. In this paper we give an explicit construction of rank 2 modules. With this, we give all indecomposable rank 2 modules in the cases when $k=3$ and $k=4$. In particular, we cover the tame cases and go beyond them. We also characterise the modules among them which are uniquely determined by their filtrations. For $k\ge 4$, we exhibit infinite families of non-isomorphic rank 2 modules having the same filtration.

In this work, four silver(I) complexes with Schiff bases derived from ninhydrin and selected amino acids (methionine, histidine, cysteine, and phenylalanine) were synthesized. The aim of this study is to determine the potential biological activity of these complexes. FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy were used for structural characterization of the products. Antioxidant activity was examined in vitro using DPPH method. Antimicrobial screening was performed by diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the ATCC collection. Interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined using UV/VIS spectroscopy. Based on the obtained spectral data, it is assumed that all Schiff bases coordinate the Ag(I) ion as a tridentate ONO donor ligand. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds is extremely high, with a range of IC 50 values of 0.023-0.06 mg/mL. Antimicrobial screening determined the inhibitory ability of almost all complexes for concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL, with zones of inhibition in the range of 9-19 mm. Examination of the interaction of BSA with Ag(I) complexes revealed the same change in the absorption maximum (hyperchromic shift) in the region of about 205 nm, which indicates that the interaction of BSA and the complex results in conformational changes of BSA.

Although COVID-19 vaccines are becoming increasingly available, their ability to effectively control and contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly contingent on an array of factors. This paper discusses how limitations to vaccine accessibility, issues associated with vaccine side effects, concerns regarding vaccine efficacy, along with the persistent prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among the public, including health care professionals, might impact the potential of COVID-19 vaccines to curb the pandemic. We draw insights from the literature to identify practical solutions that could boost people’s adoption of COVID-19 vaccines and their accessibility. We conclude with a discussion on health experts’ and government officials’ moral and ethical responsibilities to the public, even in light of the urgency to adopt and endorse “the greatest amount of good for the greatest number” utilitarian philosophy in controlling and managing the spread of COVID-19.

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly reported co-occurring mental health consequences of psychological trauma exposure. The disorders have high genetic overlap. Trauma is a complex phenotype but research suggests that trauma sensitivity has a heritable basis. We investigated whether sensitivity to trauma in those with MDD reflects a similar genetic component in those with PTSD. Methods Genetic correlations between PTSD and MDD in individuals reporting trauma and MDD in individuals not reporting trauma were estimated, as well as with recurrent MDD and single-episode MDD, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic correlations were replicated using PTSD data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Million Veteran Program. Polygenic risk scores were generated in UK Biobank participants who met the criteria for lifetime MDD (N = 29 471). We investigated whether genetic loading for PTSD was associated with reporting trauma in these individuals. Results Genetic loading for PTSD was significantly associated with reporting trauma in individuals with MDD [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07), Empirical-p = 0.02]. PTSD was significantly more genetically correlated with recurrent MDD than with MDD in individuals not reporting trauma (rg differences = ~0.2, p < 0.008). Participants who had experienced recurrent MDD reported significantly higher rates of trauma than participants who had experienced single-episode MDD (χ2 > 166, p < 0.001) Conclusions Our findings point towards the existence of genetic variants associated with trauma sensitivity that might be shared between PTSD and MDD, although replication with better powered GWAS is needed. Our findings corroborate previous research highlighting trauma exposure as a key risk factor for recurrent MDD.