Mars is the first extraterrestrial planet with seismometers (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure, SEIS) deployed directly on its surface in the framework of the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission. The lack of strong Marsquakes, however, strengthens the need of seismic noise studies to additionally constrain the Martian structure. Seismic noise autocorrelations of single‐station recordings permit the determination of the zero‐offset reflection response underneath SEIS. We present a new autocorrelation study which employs state‐of‐the‐art approaches to determine a robust reflection response by avoiding bias from aseismic signals which are recorded together with seismic waves due to unfavorable deployment and environmental conditions. Data selection and segmentation is performed in a data‐adaptive manner which takes the data root‐mean‐square amplitude variability into account. We further use the amplitude‐unbiased phase cross‐correlation and work in the 1.2–8.9 Hz frequency band. The main target are crustal scale reflections, their robustness and convergence. The strongest signal appears at 10.6 s, and, if interpreted as a P‐wave reflection, would correspond to a discontinuity at about 21 km depth. This signal is a likely candidate for a reflection from the base of the Martian crust due to its strength, polarity, and stability. Additionally we identify, among the stable signals, a signal at about 6.15 s that can be interpreted as the P‐wave reflection from the mid‐crust at about 9.5 km depth.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the symmetric and asymmetric impact of a measure of policy uncertainty on house permits issued in each state of the USA. Design/methodology/approach To assess the symmetric effects, the authors use Pesaran et al.’s (2001) linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to error-correction modeling. To assess the asymmetric effects, they rely upon Shin et al.’s (2014) nonlinear ARDL approach to error-correction modeling. Both approaches have the advantage of producing short-run and long-run effects in one step. Findings The authors find short-run symmetric effects of policy uncertainty on house permits issued in 22 states that lasted into the long run in three states only. However, the numbers were much higher when they estimated the possibility of asymmetric effects of policy uncertainty. Indeed, they found short-run asymmetric effects in 38 states and long-run asymmetric effects in 18 states. Originality/value Some previous studies assessed the effects of a measure of policy uncertainty on house prices. In this paper, the authors extend the same analysis to the supply side of the housing market by assessing the effects of policy uncertainty on house permits in each state of the USA.

During cancer evolution, constituent tumor cells compete under dynamic selection pressures. Phenotypic variation can be observed as intratumor heterogeneity, which is propagated by genome instability leading to mutations, somatic copy-number alterations, and epigenomic changes. TRACERx was set up in 2014 to observe the relationship between intratumor heterogeneity and patient outcome. By integrating multiregion sequencing of primary tumors with longitudinal sampling of a prospectively recruited patient cohort, cancer evolution can be tracked from early- to late-stage disease and through therapy. Here we review some of the key features of the studies and look to the future of the field. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancers evolve and adapt to environmental challenges such as immune surveillance and treatment pressures. The TRACERx studies track cancer evolution in a clinical setting, through primary disease to recurrence. Through multiregion and longitudinal sampling, evolutionary processes have been detailed in the tumor and the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. TRACERx has revealed the potential therapeutic utility of targeting clonal neoantigens and ctDNA detection in the adjuvant setting as a minimal residual disease detection tool primed for translation into clinical trials.

Here we describe the major genetic and genomic aberrations found in myeloid malignancies and how those markers are used in patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics for myeloid malignancies have been established and continually improved since 2005. We report the current state of available diagnostic tools for myeloid malignancies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Myeloid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of clonal blood diseases characterized by defects in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors that lead to abnormal proliferation, differentiation, localization, and self-renewal. Most common myeloid malignancies include myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular diagnostics of myeloid malignancies have significantly expanded in the last decade with new genetic and genomic markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION: In the last decade, several new genomic markers important for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy have been discovered that need to be implemented in routine molecular diagnostics not only in developed nations but also in developing nations such as Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Histological diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), the precursor of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), can be challenging, as features of dVIN may mimic those of non-dysplastic dermatoses. To aid the diagnosis, p53-immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonly used, and mutant expression patterns are used to support a histological diagnosis of dVIN. However, a proportion of dVIN can show wild-type p53-expression, which is characteristic of non-dysplastic dermatoses. Furthermore, recent research has identified a novel precursor of HPV-independent VSCC—the p53-wild-type differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion (de-VIL). Currently, there are no established diagnostic IHC-markers for p53-wild-type dVIN or de-VIL. We evaluated IHC-markers, cytokeratin 17 (CK17), and SRY-box 2 (SOX2), as diagnostic adjuncts for dVIN. For this, IHC-expression of CK17, SOX2, and p53 was studied in dVIN (n = 56), de-VIL (n = 8), and non-dysplastic vulvar tissues (n = 46). For CK17 and SOX2, the percentage of cells showing expression, and the intensity and distribution of expression were recorded. We also performed next generation targeted sequencing (NGTS) on a subset of dVIN (n = 8) and de-VIL (n = 8). With p53-IHC, 74% of dVIN showed mutant patterns and 26% showed wild-type expression. Median percentage of cells expressing CK17 or SOX2 was significantly higher in dVIN (p53-mutant or p53-wild-type) and de-VIL than in non-dysplastic tissues (p < 0.01). Diffuse, moderate-to-strong, full epithelial expression of CK17 or SOX2 was highly specific for dVIN and de-VIL. With NGTS, TP53 mutations were detected in both dVIN and de-VIL. We infer that immunohistochemical markers CK17 and SOX2, when used along with p53, may help support the histological diagnosis of dVIN.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-related condition that develops in genetically predisposed individuals. The condition is characterized by the progressive loss of terminal hairs on the scalp in a characteristic distribution. Trichoscopy represents the dermoscopy imaging of the scalp and hair. Structures which may be visualized by trichoscopy include hair shafts, hair follicle openings, perifollicular epidermis and cutaneous microvessels. Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to identify the trichoscopic features of androgenetic alopecia. Methods: Hundred-four patients with AGA and 80 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Data on age, gender, personal and family history, clinical type and duration of disease were collected and analyzed. Control group consisted of 80 generally healthy subjects. Trichoscopic examination was performed using either videodermatoscope or handheld dermatoskope. Trichoscopy results were obtained in frontal, occipital and both temporal areas of the scalp, including number of yellow dots and vellus hairs, number of hairs in one pilosebaceous unit and percentage of follicular ostia with perifollicular hyperpigmentation. The data were statistically evaluated. Results: The number of yellow dots, pilosebaceous units with only one hair and with perifollicular hyperpigmentation was significantly increased in androgenetic alopecia (p<0.05). The percentage of thin hairs (<0.03 mm) in AGA was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study has shown the significances of trichoscopy of patients with AGA. Regular clinical and trichoscopical follow-ups are very important to monitor disease activity and treatment tolerance.

This review provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art molecular pathology approaches emphasizing the increasingly important pathology role in clinical precision cancer medicine. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have tremendously affected the practice of anatomic pathology, gradually transforming it from a morphology-based into a molecularbased discipline. Molecular diagnostics has a long tradition in pathology, especially in clinical pathology. The improvement of methodology for genomic testing in recent years has made it one of the cornerstones of precision cancer medicine. The decisions related to cancer treatments are no longer solely based on the histopathological diagnosis. Various genomic analyses of human cancers are being incorporated into diagnostic and decision-making algorithms. CONCLUSION: The pathologists continue to play an essential role in developing and implementing molecular and genomic tests in practice and communicate the results and their relevance with clinicians. Such activities are of utmost importance for successfully translating scientific advancements into a benefit to patients ("next-generation pathologists").

O trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar os APLs de Gemas e de Joias na Região Metropolitana do Distrito Federal e verificar a possibilidade e o interesse na criação de uma Indicação Geográfica para esse setor. No decorrer da pesquisa, bibliográfica e qualitativa, foi detectado que no DF existia inicialmente um APL de gemas e de joias que foi desativado, permanecendo o APL de Gemas e de Joias da Região Metropolitana do DF em Cristalina (GO). São analisados os destaques e as tendências do mercado de joias no Brasil. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas, observação não participante e análise documental. Como resultado preliminar, verificou-se que existem muitos problemas a serem superados, como a questão da organização das associações, da diversificação dos fornecedores pela rapidez de produção e dos acordos sobre concorrência que comprometem a qualidade dos produtos. Foi evidenciada também a falta de incentivos fiscais para o crescimento do setor na Região.

O atual cenário da engenharia brasileira tem requerido esforço maior de todas as áreas para que sejam operados projetos em BIM (Building Information Modeling). No país, o uso da plataforma BIM ainda não é unanimidade no âmbito da infraestrutura rodoviária, mesmo diante dos benefícios adicionais que esta apresenta em relação a outras formas de projeção consideradas ultrapassadas. Mas já existem iniciativas previstas, como é o caso de uma sequência de projetos pilotos definida pelo Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transporte (DNIT) em busca do aperfeiçoamento dos profissionais envolvidos no projeto para que dentro de alguns anos todos os processos em questão aconteçam a partir da modelagem da informação da construção de forma obrigatória (Silva, 2018).

Abstract Introduction During Covid-19 many staff members were redeployed to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with little opportunity to train in the new skills they would require. One such skill was the transfer of a critically ill, and contagious, patient from ICU; a risky and complicated procedure which requires planning, preparation, risk assessment, situational awareness and, ideally, experience. To assist our colleagues in this skill an existing ICU transfer course has been adapted to cover the Covid-19 situation, or any similar contagious pandemic, in patient transfer. Methods An in-situ simulation method was chosen as the most realistic method of immersing our participants into the environment of ICU and to highlight real-life complexities and issues they may face. A multidisciplinary training session was devised so that novice anaesthetists, ACCPs and nurses could learn together, reflective of the usual team. Human factors such as communication, team leadership, task management and situational awareness are the focus of the post-simulation debrief, and human factors sheets have been created to guide the participants in analysing these skills. Pre- and post-simulation confidence, knowledge and attitudes will be assessed using validated appraisal tools and questionnaires to gather both quantitative and qualitative data about the experience. Discussion Multidisciplinary training is often difficult to arrange, due to the different requirements, processes, and procedures each department demands. A hidden blessing of Covid-19 is the realisation that this barrier can be broken, for the benefit of our patients and colleagues alike, and training sessions like this implemented.

Polygonum aviculare and Persicaria amphibia (subfam. Polygonoideae) are used in traditional cuisines and folk medicine in various cultures. Previous studies indicated that phytochemicals obtained from Polygonoideae plants could sensitize chemoresistant cancer cells and enhance the efficacy of some cytostatics. Here, the cytotoxic properties of chemically characterized ethanol extracts obtained from P. aviculare and P. amphibia, individually and in combination with doxorubicin (D), were determined against hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Phenolic composition, cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 were examined by following methods: LC-MS/MS, LC-DAD-MS, MTT, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. Extracts were rich in dietary polyphenolics. Synergistic cytotoxicity was detected for extracts combined with D. The observed synergisms are linked to the interference with apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of Keap1-Nrf2 genes involved in cytoprotection. The combined approach of extracts and D could emerge as a potential pathway of chemotherapy improvement.