Background: Spinal hydatid cyst represents a rare form of parasitic infection and is a serious clinical condition that can cause severe consequences such as paraplegia, tetraplegia, or radiculopathy. Objective: In this article, we report a case of a rare lumbar hydatid cyst in a 50-year-old man. Case presentation: We report a rare case of primary lumbar hydatid cyst. Recurrence was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although the patient had surgery and was taking albendazole regularly. Conclusion: MRI imaging should be used to diagnose the disease. Complete resection is the only treatment that can prevent the lesion from invading adjacent tissues. Regardless of all measures, the disease has a high recurrence rate.

Uvod: Radioterapija je kompleksna disciplina koja uključuje širok spektarstanja izazvanih malignim oboljenjima, organizacionu kompleksnost i upotrebu naprednih tehnoloških rješenja u terapiji, te ima veliki potencijal za razvoj incidenata.Incidenti, u zavisnosti od stepena ozbiljnosti, mogu kompromitirati efekat radioterapije, dovesti do izostanka kontrole bolesti i njenog recidiva ili pojave ranih i kasnih komplikacija na zdravim organima u smislu radiotoksičnosti. Ozbiljni incidenti u radioterapiji su rijetki, ali kada se dese, njihove posljedice mogu biti značajno oštećenje zdravlja ili smrt. Incidenti nisu posljedica slučajnog toka događaja, niti koincidencije koja će se teško ponoviti. Pojava incidenata ima svoje zakonitosi i posljedica je sistemskih postavki, uslova i procesa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti mogućnost upotrebe elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata u upravljanju rizikom u radioterapiji. Metode: Za potrebe istraživanja razvijen je elektronski sistem za prijavljivanje incidentata u formi strukturiranog kompjuterskog intervjua prema ROSEIS metodologiji. Na osnovu informacija prikupljenih pomoću sistema napravljena je taksonomija incidenata prema: vrsti, mjestu i načinu nastanka, načinu detekcije, uzroku nastanka i faktorima doprinosa, dozimetrijskom i kliničkom značaju, te ozbiljnosti posljedica. Procjena rizika je napravljena upotrebom Risk Matrix metode. Rezultati: U rezultatima su prikazani najčešći uzroci nastanka i faktori promocije incidenata u radioterapiji, kao i njihova povezanost sa faktorima radnog okruženja, organizacije i upravljanja, finanasijskim i ljudskim resursima, radnim opterećenjem, radioterapijskim uređajima, softverom i tehnološkom kompleksnošću tretmana.Predložene su korektivne i preventivne mjere, te data procjena njihove efektivnosti na poboljšanje detekcije, redukciju vjerovatnoće pojave incidenata i redukciju njihove magnitude. Zaključci: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su informacije prikupljene pomoću elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata dobar prerekvizit za razvoj sistema upravljanja rizikom koji omogućava identifikaciju i klasifikaciju najznačajnijih faktora rizika u radioterapiji, kao i utvrđivanje specifičnih preventivnih i korektivnih akcija s ciljem prevencije pojave incidenata i redukciju ozbiljnosti njihovih neželjenih efekata.

Energy-efficiency (EE) is a critical metric within wireless optimization. Power control over fading channels is considered as a promising EE-improving technique, but requires optimization of a series of fractional functional optimization problems which are hard to handle by existing optimization techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel EE power control method with unsupervised learning. Firstly, the original fractional problems are decomposed into sub-problems by Dinkelbach and quadratic transformations. Then, these sub-problems are reformulated into unconstrained forms through Lagrange dual formulation. Furthermore, unsupervised primal-dual learning method is applied to handle these unconstrained problems with strong duality. Finally, The unsupervised primal-dual learning is implemented by the deep neural network (DNN) with low computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on a number of typical wireless optimizing scenarios. It is shown that compared to conventional algorithms our method achieves better performance in cognitive radio networks, interference networks, and OFDM networks.

Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of obtaining solid particles of controled/ desired distribution systems in all branches of industry. Enlargement of this process is often based on experience and on trial and error methods that requires a large number of experiments. The development of mathematical models enabled the transfer of results to a larger scale in similar systems. The proposed researches were conducted in a laboratory scale. The modeling of the grinding process by the population balance included a description of the kinetics of dolomite grinding by kinetic parameters and the development of models that enabled the estimation of kinetic parameters on the basis of the particle size, the geometric characteristics of the mill and the process parameters. Rajamani and Herbst model is suggested for the development of selection function in a ball mill under given conditions process. The selection function was determined based on the change in the proportion of unbroken material over time for eight size intervals in four mills of different volumes, using one-size interval method. Change of unbroken material content with time is linear.The specified dependence suggests first-order breakage kinetics. The selection function was then described by the Rajamani Herbst model. Laboratory-level researches and the development of mathematical models for transferring results to a larger scale is a potential way of reducing energy consumption.

Obesity is a disease of excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to an increased energy intake which is disproportionate to the energy expenditure in the body. The visceral adipose tissue in the obese accumulated in that way increases the risk of developing a number of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and mitochondria can contribute to the development of oxidative stress, which is especially pronounced in the abdominal type of obesity. Obesity can induce systemic oxidative stress through a variety of biochemical mechanisms. Although ROS is generated in a large number of cells, mitochondria play a significant role in their intracellular production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation of the respiratory chain, and in fatty acid oxidation reactions. Oxidative stress is a unique link between the various molecular disorders present in the development of insulin resistance that plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic metabolic, proinflammatory diseases. The progression of insulin resistance is also affected by inflammation. Both of these can be the cause and the consequence of obesity. The synthesis of the inflammatory mediators is induced by oxidative stress, thus bringing the inflammation and the oxidative stress into a very significant relation. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, with special reference to the mechanisms that explain its occurrence.