Abstract For years, sustainable tourism has commanded the attention of academics and practitioners given its achievement through participatory planning. However, much research in the area has neglected to consider all voices of those (i.e., children) affected by tourism. This study, employing a post-test only experimental design, addresses this gap by including the voices of 498 children from six diverse European destinations concerning perceptions of tourism. Results show that children are willing to express their opinions given the opportunity. Moreover, their attitude towards tourists is negative, while they perceive locals to hold a subordinate position to tourists. In general, this study offers insight into children’s attitudes to tourism from the host perspective, demonstrating that there is a unique insider’s perspective that needs further research.

OBJECTIVES The physical activity level (PAL) has significantly decreased as a result of the social distancing and lockdown related to the COVID‑19 pandemic, but there is a lack of knowledge on the correlates of PAL during the pandemic. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of pre-pandemic sports participation and substance use and misuse (SUM) on PAL during the COVID‑19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 661 high-school students from Bosnia and Herzegovina (aged 15-18 years, 292 females). The investigation included 2 testing waves: before the COVID‑19 pandemic (baseline, January 2020) and during the COVID‑19 lockdown (follow-up, April 2020). The variables included PAL as measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, sports factors, and SUM. RESULTS Sports factors at baseline were positively correlated with PALs at both baseline and follow-up. Smoking tobacco negatively affected PALs at both baseline and follow-up. Alcohol consumption was positively correlated with PAL at baseline but had no effect on PAL at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the importance of sports participation in maintaining PAL during challenging situations, such as the COVID‑19 lockdown. The substance-specific influence of SUM on PAL before and during the lockdown points to evident social and cultural aspects of SUM behaviors in adolescents. Further studies evidencing the cumulative effects of PAL decline during the lockdown are warranted.

This paper presents a novel control algorithm for variable speed wind generators (VSWG), designed to provide support to grid frequency regulation. The proposed control algorithm ensures that VSWG ‘’truly’’ emulates response of a conventional generating unit with non-reheat steam turbine (GUNRST) in the first several seconds after active power unbalance. A systematic method of analysis and synthesis of the new control algorithm is described in detail.

With the rapid advances in IoT, edge and cloud computing solutions, it is critical to educate and train students in computer science and engineering in various aspects of IoT-edge-cloud (IoT-E-C) system architecture implementations. We outline the design and development of an undergraduate laboratory course that sets the goal of implementing various interfaces and communication protocols to connect IoT, edge and cloud computing systems and evaluating their performance. The lab setup is modular and based on open source tools. In the IoT context, it consists of low-cost processing platforms with various sensors and actuators. In the edge and cloud computing context, we implement and deploy single board computers and Firebase cloud solutions, respectively. The modular lab setup allows students to engineer and integrate various communication protocol solutions, including MQTT, COAP and HTTP. In addition to the system implementation, students can evaluate and benchmark the performance of the entire system.

Many research studies suggest that the increasing competitiveness of the global economy emphasizes the importance of identifying the drives of sustainable competitive advantage in the intangible domain. This research aims to, according to resource-based theory of the enterprise, model corporate reputation as an invisible resource of the enterprises that enables the creation of the various advantages such as customer satisfaction and gaining loyal customers that further leads to creating competitive advantage and superior business performance. The research aim is to determine the significance and intensity of the simultaneous relationships between corporate reputation, presented as a construct composed of two elements: competence and likeability, and customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. It seeks to determine the significance of the mediator customer satisfaction in the relationship between corporate reputation and customer loyalty. Research data are collected by a survey questionnaire fulfilled by 116 respondents to participate in the research on enterprises from the telecommunication sector of transition economy Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. To test the proposed research model partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is applied. Prior to application of the PLS-SEM certain preliminary data and sample analysis are performed. The presence of outliers and requirements of the sample size for PLS-SEM evaluation are examined. To determine whether final sample size is appropriate to conduct PLS-SEM analysis both rule of thumb and results of the analysis made by G*Power software were used. Construct likeability has nearly two times stronger direct effect on customer satisfaction compared to other element of corporate reputation called competence. Only one element of corporate reputation called likeability has significant direct effect on final target endogenous construct customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction has strong significant direct effect on customer loyalty. Beside direct effects of the latent constructs corporate reputation and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, mediation analysis is performed to test the significance of the mediator called customer satisfaction. Research results indicate the importance of the mediator customer satisfaction in the relationship between corporate reputation and customer loyalty. According to them, both elements of corporate reputation have significant indirect effect on customer loyalty. Likewise, research results enable ranking of the exogenous factors that create and improve corporate reputation. Directing the management attention towards improving certain exogenous factors ensures the development of certain corporate reputation elements – competence and likeability, and provides efficient and effective corporate reputation management. It is revealed that corporate social responsibility, promoting products’ and services’ quality and better business performances improve competence element of corporate reputation, while corporate social responsibility and investments into raising the attractiveness of the enterprise positively influence sympathy and likeability of the enterprises from a stakeholder perspective.

In this article, we empirically analyze European Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) in the aftermath of the financial crisis. As Regulation introduced the so-called risk retention rule, originally designed to align interests between issuers and investors, we analyze the implications and effects of the risk retention rule on managed cash CLOs (arbitrage deals). Although the market suffered severely during the period after the rule was introduced, an alignment of interests between issuers and investors does not necessarily seem to have been attained. Here, we examine the implications of risk retention on asset pricing and find that CLO manager experience, credit rating and issuance amount are important factors that significantly influence pricing expectations of CLO investors. However, the form in which the CLO manager retains the risk does not seem to play a role.

Abstract Our study aimed to develop and validate a reliable instrument that can measure the quality of life (QOL) of patients with cervical cancer living in a developing country, such as the Central Balkan country, Serbia. Our study was cross-sectional for assessing the reliability and validity of a questionnaire. Balkan questionnaire for QOL of patients with cervical cancer showed satisfactory reliability and temporal stability. When the investigators rated the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.971 at the beginning, and one month later it was 0.967. When the questionnaire was rated by patients themselves, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.972. The questionnaire should be considered as an addition to the existing armamentarium for measuring the quality of life in patients with cervical cancer.

Recipient effector T cells differentiate into functional tissue-resident memory T cells, causing graft rejection after kidney transplantation. Memories of rejection Long-term graft survival after organ transplantation can be hindered by immune-mediated allograft rejection; thus, understanding these immune responses is crucial to developing new transplant-supporting therapies. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), a subset of memory T cells that reside in barrier tissues and do not recirculate, are detectable in transplanted organs, but it is unclear if they contribute to allograft rejection. Abou-Daya et al. created a mouse model of T cell–mediated kidney transplant rejection, showing that adoptively transferred, kidney antigen–specific effector T cells differentiated into functional, nonrecirculating antigen-specific TRM in the transplanted kidneys. These kidney antigen–specific TRM induced allograft rejection. These data suggest that TRM in transplanted allografts can contribute to rejection and that targeting alloreactive TRM might improve long-term graft survival in transplant recipients. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contained at sites of previous infection provide local protection against reinfection. Whether they form and function in organ transplants where cognate antigen persists is unclear. This is a key question in transplantation as T cells are detected long term in allografts, but it is not known whether they are exhausted or are functional memory T cells. Using a mouse model of kidney transplantation, we showed that antigen-specific and polyclonal effector T cells differentiated in the graft into TRM and subsequently caused allograft rejection. TRM identity was established by surface phenotype, transcriptional profile, and inability to recirculate in parabiosis and retransplantation experiments. Graft TRM proliferated locally, produced interferon-γ upon restimulation, and their in vivo depletion attenuated rejection. The vast majority of antigen-specific and polyclonal TRM lacked phenotypic and transcriptional exhaustion markers. Single-cell analysis of graft T cells early and late after transplantation identified a transcriptional program associated with transition to the tissue-resident state that could serve as a platform for the discovery of therapeutic targets. Thus, recipient effector T cells differentiate into functional graft TRM that maintain rejection locally. Targeting these TRM could improve renal transplant outcomes.

Introduction Serological detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies is becoming increasingly important in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We report the first results of COVID-19 serological testing in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2841 samples collected and analysed in 2 medical institutions in Sarajevo. Antibody detection was performed using commercially available kits. Results In the first cohort, 43 IgM-positive/IgG-negative and 16 IgM-positive/IgG-positive individuals were detected, corresponding to 3.41% of participants having developed antibodies. In the second cohort, 4.28% participants were found to be IgM-negative/IgG-positive. Conclusions Our results suggest the need for population-wide serological surveying in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections. The mean qSOFA score was 0.37 ± 0.74. Sepsis (qSOFA ≥ 2) was recorded in 218 (11.1%) patients. The mean qSOFA score was significantly higher in low-middle (1.48 ± 0.963) compared to upper-middle (0.17 ± 0.482) and high-income (0.36 ± 0.714) countries ( P < 0.001). Eight (3.7%) patients with sepsis were treated as outpatients. The most common diagnoses were upper-respiratory (n = 877, 43.3%), lower-respiratory (n = 316, 16.1%), and lower-urinary (n = 201, 10.3%) infections. 1085 (55.4%) patients received antibiotics. The most-commonly used antibiotics were beta-lactam (BL) and BL inhibitors (n = 307, 15.7%), third-generation cephalosporins (n = 251, 12.8%), and quinolones (n = 204, 10.5%). Irrational antibiotic use and inappropriate hospitalization decisions seemed possible. Patients were more septic in countries with limited resources. Hence, a better organizational scheme is required.

In this work, we reinterpret ATLAS and CMS dijet resonance searches to set robust constraints on all hypothetical tree-level scalar and vector mediators with masses up to 5 TeV, assuming a diquark or a quark-antiquark coupling with an arbitrary flavor composition. To illustrate the application of these general results, we quantify the permissible size of new physics in B¯q→Dq∗+πK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\overline{B}}_q\to {D}_q^{\left(\ast \right)+}\left\{\pi, K\right\} $$\end{document} consistent with the absence of signal in dijet resonance searches. Along the way, we perform a full SMEFT analysis of the aforementioned non-leptonic B meson decays at leading-order in αs. Our findings uncover a pressing tension between the new physics explanations of recently reported anomalies in these decays and the dijet resonant searches. The high-pT constraints are crucial to drain the parameter space consistent with the low-pT flavor physics data.

In this paper, based on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, a matrix of Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Strengths (TOWS) was formed. It represents possible business strategies of the transport company. To choose the right plan, a model based on the integration of Fuzzy PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment (fuzzy PIPRECIA), Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) and Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) methods, has been formed. A case study was conducted in the transport company from Bosnia and Herzegovina which provides services on the domestic and the European Union market for 20 years and belongs to a group of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SWOT analysis in this transport company was the basis for forming the TOWS matrix, which represents a set of possible business strategies. These strategies are the basis for developing five basic alternatives. The transport company should choose the best one of them for future business. The research focuses on forming a model for choosing the best strategy by which the transport company seeks to improve its business. Decision-making (DM) is not a straightforward sequence of operations, so the harmonization of methods as well as the verification of their results, are essential in the research. This model is applicable in SMEs that make these and similar decisions. Using this model, companies can adjust their business policies to the results of the model and achieve better business results. This research is the first that allows the use of such a model in making strategic decisions.

Authors analyse and conceptually problematise specific phenomena of ‘two schools under one roof’ in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They argue that education in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been routinely exposed to various, contradicting demands and pressures, which result in, among other contradictions, ‘two schools under one roof’, which presents one of the world’s phenomenon within education. The authors are eager to present this specific education issue to the global public and provide some answers on various consequences, which appeared in this contemporary segregation form in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the significant objectives is to underline the concept in which education should be a human practice of cognition that is not determined by ideological currents. Furthermore, authors using several sociological and political science aspects regarding education, in general, will investigate and enlighten this specific phenomenon of segregation that is unique not only in the local but in the global context as well. The main objective of this article will be to present viable solutions on how ‘two schools under one roof’ can be altered or even abolished.