The requisition for maintainable constructions has been greatly raising over the last several years. To fulfil the maintainability necessities of a construction, decisions or changes must be done to a construction in the course of the preconstruction and design steps. This can be plausible utilizing building information modelling. To indicate the utilize of building information modelling in maintainable planning, an example nursing-house is received for modelling research. The energy efficiency of nursing-home is analysed utilizing Autodesk Revit and Green Building Studio simulation which contained different characteristics such as annual heating and cooling loads, annual energy usage. Through using the utilize of different building, insulation and roof materials in the nursing-home modelling, the nursing-home modelling is changed into a greener construction modelling. In addition, the effects of using green walls on the facade of the building on the energy performance were analysed. Utilizing simulation, the utilize of non-natural sources can be dramatically decreased through substituting for them with the utilize of sustainable natural sources by that means energy saving. Building information modelling has substantiated to be effective in providing maintainability with alternative material’s assessment and earlier decision-making. Furthermore, this study employed an integrated new MCDM model to evaluate the performance of four natural stones for utilize in a nursing home setting.

To understand requirements for immunization via the oral mucosa, an in vitro model that recapitulates the physical barrier of the mouth, allows for quantification of antigen uptake and permeability and mounts an inflammatory response to antigen and adjuvant is needed. The physical structure of 4 models of the human oral mucosa was determined by histochemical staining and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. A TR146 based air-liquid interface (ALI) model most closely mimicked in vivo conditions. This was confirmed by validation studies using dextran and caffeine as diffusant molecules. Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of adenovirus (Ad) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) in this model were 4.3 × 10-13 and 2.2 × 10-10 respectively, while 100% of the total dose of H1N1 influenza remained in the epithelial layer. Sodium glycocholate and a hyperosmotic formulation improved the amount of Ad (p = 0.02) and AAV (p = 0.003) that entered the epithelium, respectively. Significant amounts of IL-6 (45.1 pg/mL), GM-CSF (94.7 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (4.3 pg/mL) were produced in response to influenza infection. Treatment with an AS03-like adjuvant induced production of IL-6 (34.9 pg/mL), TNF-∝ (43 pg/mL), GM-CSF (121.2 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (14.1 pg/mL). This highlights the contribution of differentiated epithelial cells to the immune response to vaccines and adjuvants.

Abstract The photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant properties, and heavy metal content in Reseda lutea, Epilobium dodonaei, and Gentianella ciliata were examined in response to stress in the open pit of an abandoned iron mine. The soils were shallow, alkaline, and severely deficient in phosphorus, potassium, and humus. Heavy metal concentrations in the rhizospheres followed the order Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd for all three species, with Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeding the limits established by Bosnian legislation. The results indicated that the bioelements Cu, Zn, and Mn were within permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. Epilobium dodonaei acted as a Cd accumulator. The highest content of photosynthetic pigments was observed in this species. Positive correlations were detected between Cr and total phenolics, Cr and total flavonoids in E. dodonaei, Pb and total phenolic acids in G. ciliata. Negative correlations were noted between Zn and total phenolic acids in R. lutea, and Fe and total phenolics in E. dodonaei. Increased total proline and DPPH concentrations were associated with heightened Fe levels in E. dodonaei. These findings suggest that the species analyzed employ distinct defense mechanisms, enabling them to effectively adapt to stress. NOVELTY STATEMENT Three abundant plant species with different responses to the stress conditions of the abandoned iron mine were the focus. The analyzed biochemical-physiological parameters for all studied species on alkaline soils and, in general, for Gentianella ciliata are presented for the first time.

Objective. We describe a rare case of satisfactory renal allograft function without immunosuppressive therapy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Case Report. The patient was a 64-year-old male who had undergone a kidney transplant from a sibling donor in 2007. After 16 years, he required alloHSCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the same sibling serving as the donor for both transplants. HLA was a 50% match. Post-alloHSCT, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued, and the renal allograft function remained stable. The patient later developed severe complications and succumbed to infection. Insights into the precise tolerance mechanisms were limited because laboratory evaluation for chimerism was not performed. Conclusion. There is potential for immunosuppressive-free renal allograft function after alloHSCT. This case underscores the significant risk of infection-related mortality. To achieve the best outcome, rigorous patient selection, tailored conditioning regimens, robust infection prevention strategies, and the possibility of combined transplantation for carefully selected patients are needed.

Background/Objectives: Squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) presents a significant treatment challenge due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. In many resource-limited countries, access to advanced molecular testing is often unavailable, making the identification of novel and reliable prognostic markers crucial for improving patient selection for systemic treatments. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study investigated the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers, including the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in 134 patients diagnosed with SCC. Patients were stratified into groups based on optimal cut-off values determined by ROC analysis for each biomarker. Results: Elevated levels of the SII, NLR, and PLR were significantly associated with shorter overall survival in patients with SCC (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: These easily accessible and cost-effective laboratory parameters are particularly valuable in settings where molecular testing is not available, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients and optimizing treatment selection for chemotherapy.

Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. While its efficacy in rhythm control is well-established, the drug is associated with significant adverse effects, affecting multiple organ systems. In humans, amiodarone-induced toxicity commonly involves the pulmonary, hepatic, thyroid, and dermatological systems, with pulmonary toxicity being one of the most severe complications. Acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, are rare but have been reported, particularly in association with intravenous (IV) formulations containing polysorbate 80. In veterinary medicine, amiodarone is increasingly used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias in dogs, yet its safety profile is less extensively studied. Unlike humans, dogs appear to be more susceptible to immediate hypersensitivity reactions following IV administration, characterized by severe cutaneous signs, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse. The present case report describes a 9-year-old Chihuahua that developed a rapid hypersensitivity reaction, including erythema, mucosal hyperemia, and facial edema, immediately after receiving IV amiodarone. The reaction resolved spontaneously within 15 minutes without requiring corticosteroid administration. Haematological and biochemical analyses showed a mildly decreased reticulocyte value, elevated neutrophil count, and increased ALT, while all other parameters were within reference ranges. A review of the literature suggests that excipients such as polysorbate 80 and benzyl alcohol may be primary contributors to amiodarone-induced anaphylaxis in dogs. Histamine-mediated responses, severe hypotension, and cardiovascular complications have been documented in both human and veterinary cases, with dogs displaying heightened sensitivity to IV administration. Additionally, while pulmonary and thyroid toxicity are well-recognized chronic effects in human patients, hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicities are more frequently observed in dogs. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of amiodarone-induced hypersensitivity reactions in veterinary medicine, particularly in IV formulations. Pre-medication strategies, controlled infusion rates, and close monitoring are essential to mitigating the risk of life-threatening anaphylaxis in human and canine patients. Further research is needed to better understand species-specific differences in amiodarone metabolism and toxicity.

Background/Objectives: The preschool period plays an essential role in shaping a child’s overall development, which influences physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth. At this stage, establishing proper postural habits is essential, as it can have lasting effects on health, well-being, helps to prevent future issues, and supports overall development. Therefore, the present work aims to determine the differences in postural status between boys and girls of preschool age. Methods: The sample of participants consisted of 92 children (n = 46 boys and n = 46 girls); the average age for girls was 5.41 ± 0.30 years and for boys it was 5.53 ± 0.31 years. Data were collected using licensed state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment, Contemplas 3D Posture Compact, using 16 variables to assess postural status with a Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The results of this study indicate that boys have more pronounced deformities in the following variables: shoulder displacement (p = 0.047), pelvic obliquity (p = 0.000), sag. distance cervical spine–sacrum (p = 0.029), sag. distance thoracic spine–sacrum (SDTS) (p = 0.016), and sag. distance lumbar spine–sacrum (SDLS) (p = 0.005). Conclusions: This study confirmed gender differences in postural characteristics in preschool children. Boys showed a greater tendency towards postural deviations, indicating the necessity for specific interventions and programs to improve their posture. On the basis of the results of this research, it is recommended to carry out cross-cultural research that would enable the comparison of results among children from different environments and cultural contexts in order to determine possible differences and particularities in the development of postural characteristics. Future research should include larger and more diverse samples of participants, including children from rural and urban areas, in order to ensure the representativeness and generalizability of the results. In addition, conducting a longitudinal study that would monitor the postural characteristics of children through different developmental stages is suggested, aiming to identify critical periods for intervention and to determine, more precisely, development trends within the context of gender differences.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for non-small cell lung carcinoma but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including thyroid dysfunction. This study examines the incidence and clinical impact of thyroid dysfunction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving ICIs at the Clinic of Oncology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. In this retrospective cohort study of 50 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs—either in combination with chemotherapy or as monotherapy for those with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50%—we collected data on demographics, treatment regimens, thyroid function tests, and survival outcomes. Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 24 patients (48%), with 12 (24%) developing hypothyroidism, 4 (8%) developing hyperthyroidism, and 8 (16%) experiencing a transition from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in patients treated with atezolizumab compared to pembrolizumab (P ═ 0.04), with 87.5% of affected patients receiving atezolizumab. The median time to onset of thyroid dysfunction was 10 cycles (interquartile range [IQR]: 5) for hypothyroidism and six cycles (IQR: 19) for hyperthyroidism. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in patients who developed thyroid dysfunction, with the median PFS not reached, compared to a median PFS of 14 months (95% CI: 9.68–18.32) in patients without thyroid dysfunction (P ═ 0.038). No significant associations were found between thyroid dysfunction and patient age or gender. These findings suggest that thyroid dysfunction is a common irAE in patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving ICIs, particularly atezolizumab, and its development may be associated with improved PFS. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is recommended to promptly identify and manage thyroid abnormalities during ICI therapy, potentially improving patient outcomes.

This study explores both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for decarbonizing and recovering valuable metals from bauxite residue, with hydrogen plasma reduction and direct acid leaching as the primary approaches. The goal is to offer innovative techniques for extracting metals from bauxite residue, a by-product of the Bayer process, which cannot be disposed of in an environmentally sustainable manner. Additionally, reducing the volume of bauxite residue through combined treatments is a key objective. In contrast to traditional carbon-based reductive melting, which generated significant CO2 emissions, hydrogen is now being investigated as a cleaner alternative. Through hydrogen plasma reduction, approximately 99.9% of iron is recovered as crude metallic iron, which can be easily separated from the slag containing other valuable metals. Thermochemical analysis was used to predict slag formation and chemical analysis of slag during hydrogen reduction. To further recover metals like aluminum and titanium, the slag is subjected to sulfuric acid leaching under high-pressure of oxygen in an autoclave avoiding silica gel formation. The results demonstrated a leaching efficiency of 93.21% for aluminum and 84.56% for titanium, using 5 mol/L sulfuric acid at 150 °C, with almost complete iron recovery. Assisted ultrasound leaching of slag with sulphuric acid under atmospheric pressure leads to 54% leaching efficiency of titanium.

The real-world deployments of 5G SA networks have highlighted significant challenges, particularly related to signal coverage, leading to performance degradation for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). To address these challenges and minimize the costs of new infrastructure deployment, Network Sharing among multiple operators has become a viable, cost-effective solution. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) began exploring network sharing in 5G with Release 15, expanding it with an Indirect Network Sharing configuration in Release 19. In this work, we present an Indirect Network Sharing approach that utilizes Network Slicing to create multiple isolated virtual networks on a single physical infrastructure, ensuring resource isolation and efficient management in a multi-operator environment. Our demonstration illustrates how a third-party entity can effectively manage network resources, maintaining isolation and performance quality across different network domains operated by various providers.

5G Standalone (SA) networks introduce a concept of Network Slicing that enables a range of new applications, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). However, despite the promising potential of 5G SA networks, real-world deployments have revealed significant limitations, particularly in terms of signal coverage, resulting in performance degradation for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC services. To mitigate these challenges and reduce the costs associated with deploying new infrastructure, Network Sharing among multiple operators has emerged as a cost-effective solution. While the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced Network Sharing in 5G Release 15 and added an Indirect Network Sharing configuration in Release 19, real-life implementation remains limited due to immature mechanisms and the lack of automated systems for neutral hosts providers to easily onboard new operators and dynamically allocate network resources to meet specific network requirements. In this paper, we explore the application of Network Slicing as a mechanism to deploy Network Sharing among multiple operators, presenting a 5G SA Indirect Network Sharing architecture as proof of concept (PoC). Through our experiment, performed in a real-world and open-source testbed based on O-RAN principles, we demonstrate how applying Network Slicing technology, Neutral Host providers can effectively deploy resource isolation and enable collaboration in a multi-operator environment while guaranteeing service quality to their users.

2-acetoxybenzoic acid, also known as aspirin, is one of the most widespread and important pharmaceutical compound used in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and febrile conditions. In addition to its well-known therapeutic properties, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid is increasingly being investigated in the context of its interactions with metals, leading to new insights into potential applications in medicine, chemistry, and biotechnology. Among the metals that form complex compounds with 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, nickel is one of the most interesting due to its specific electrochemical properties and biological activity. The study of the 2-acetoxybenzoic acid-nickel complex plays a significant role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of interaction between drugs and metal ions, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds. This research thoroughly examines the structural, chemical, and biological aspects of the 2-acetoxybenzoic acid-nickel complex, with particular emphasis on its potential application in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine. The structure of this complex was determined by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), mass spectrometry (MS), melting point methods, and optical microscopy. These methods contributed to the understanding of the interaction mechanisms between the ligand and the nickel ion center, opening the possibility for further investigation of the pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic applications of this complex. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized Ni(II) complex with 2-acetoxybenzoic acid was investigated, and it was found that the metal complex exhibits varying degrees of inhibitory effects on bacteria.

Fly ash (FA) is a low-cost industrial waste material mostly composed of oxides. These small, hard particles can be used as reinforcements in composite production. In this study, an A356.0 aluminum alloy reinforced with 4 wt.% FA was synthesized by compo casting and subsequently subjected to multiple passes of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to investigate the influence of intense plastic deformation on the composite hardness and microstructure. Microstructure analysis was performed on an optical microscope and by computer tomography (CT). The as-cast alloy contains a relatively homogeneous microstructure with minor FA agglomerations and very low porosity. The severe plastic deformation induced by ECAE results in a directed structure and additional integration of FA into the matrix with the disappearance of pores. Vickers hardness measurement of aluminum/fly ash (Al/FA) composite was carried out with different indentation loads: 0.196 N (HV0.02), 0.490 N (HV0.05), 0.981 N (HV0.1), and 1.960 N (HV0.2). The results showed that hardness increases after each ECAE pass because of microstructure changes. Already after the first pass, a significant increase in hardness is achieved, ranging from 27% (HV0.05) to 62% (HV0.2). A Meyer’s index (n) value greater than 2 indicates that the hardness of single and double extruded composite depends on the indentation load. Extruded samples show a hardness enhancement with increasing applied load, so the examined composite exhibits a reverse indentation size effect (RISE).

This study investigates innovative surface coatings’ effectiveness in enhancing spruce wood’s fire resistance (Picea abies spp.). Spruce wood samples were treated with various agents, including oils, waxes, boric acid, commercial coatings, and fire-retardant agents. The evaluation was conducted using the small flame method (EN ISO 11925-2:2020), surface roughness analysis, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated significant improvements in fire resistance for samples treated with specific coatings, particularly the Burn Block spray and Caparol coating, which effectively prevented flame spread. The analysis revealed that the Burn Block spray reduced the average flame height to 6.57 cm, while the Caparol coating achieved a similar effect with an average flame height of 6.95 cm. In contrast, untreated samples exhibited a flame height of 9.34 cm, with boric acid-treated samples reaching up to 12.18 cm. Char depth measurements and the surface roughness analysis revealed a clear correlation between the type of treatment and the thermal stability of the wood. Hyperspectral imaging enabled a detailed visualisation of surface degradation, while contact angle measurements highlighted the impact of hydrophobicity on flammability. This research provides in-depth insights into the fire-retardant mechanisms of spruce wood and offers practical guidelines for developing safer and more sustainable wood materials for the construction industry.