In this paper we give a characterization of monotone discrete systems of equations in terms of associated signature matrix and give some properties of certain invariant surfaces of codimension 1, which often give the boundary of attraction of some fixed points. We present several examples that illustrate our results in the case of k-dimensional systems where $ k \geq 3 $ k≥3.

Mantle plumes beneath major oceanic hot spots appear to be rooted in unusually large structures near the core-mantle boundary, which have markedly reduced seismic wave speeds. The origin of these large ultralow-velocity zones (ULVZs), referred to as mega-ULVZs, remains uncertain partly because of lack of constraints on the relative reduction in shear versus compressional wave speeds (RS/P). This ratio can give clues into the compositional makeup of the mega-ULVZs. Through joint seismic analysis of core-diffracted P and S waves beneath Hawai’i, we constrain the RS/P of its mega-ULVZ to 1 to 1.3. Mineralogical modeling reveals that iron enrichment via solid iron-rich magnesiowüstite [(Mg,Fe)O] matches this seismic constraint, independent of modeled ULVZ thickness. Enrichment of metallic iron-rich magnesiowüstite likely enhances the thermal conductivity of mega-ULVZs and provides a mechanism to drive localized plume upwelling. Higher reported RS/P values for smaller ULVZs near subduction zones may therefore indicate different processes at play controlling ULVZ formation across the diverse core-mantle boundary landscape.

Marine natural products represent a diverse collection of structurally distinct metabolites, many of which have untapped therapeutic potential. This study screened 161 marine-derived coumarin and xanthene compounds for their binding affinity to the histamine H2 receptor and the gastric H+/K+-ATPase, the primary regulators of gastric acid secretion. Docking simulations were performed using curated structures of both targets, followed by an evaluation of the compounds for drug-likeness and predicted absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Thirty-four compounds demonstrated a stronger predicted affinity for the H2 receptor than famotidine; however, only three compounds (1, 5, and 150) met all drug-likeness criteria, achieving quantitative estimates of drug-likeness (QED) values exceeding 0.67. Screening against the proton pump yielded 98 hits with higher affinity than soraprazan, with compound 150 being the only candidate to fulfill all medicinal chemistry filters. Interaction analysis indicated that compound 150 binds to the proton pump in a manner that largely overlaps with soraprazan. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to characterize the electronic properties of the most promising compounds. ADME predictions suggested favorable permeability and a low risk for human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) inhibition, although high plasma protein binding and the potential for cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition may require further optimization. These findings underscore the potential of pyranocoumarin compound 150, along with xanthene derivatives 1 and 5, as promising candidates for the development of new acid-suppressive agents.

This study explores the implications of technology availability constraints on the decarbonisation pathways of the EU power sector, drawing on scenario results from five European energy supply models: MEESA, LIMES, ENERTILE, ACSG, and OSeMBE. The analysis evaluates how limiting the deployment of key low-carbon generation technologies, namely carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power, bioenergy, solar photovoltaics, and wind energy, affects the electricity generation mix, emissions reduction, investment needs, and power system costs by 2030 and 2050. Results within the model ensemble indicate that variable renewable energy sources (VRE), wind and solar, are indispensable for deep decarbonisation. Constraints on solar or wind power substantially increase electricity generation costs and require major shifts in technology portfolios, often resulting in greater reliance on remaining renewable options or fossil fuel generation with CCS. The unavailability of CCS leads to higher system emissions and increased investment in renewables and storage. In contrast, removing nuclear or bioenergy has a more moderate impact, though some regional effects are significant. All models show that achieving ambitious emission reductions in the power sector remains technically feasible under individual technology constraints, but the mitigation effort shifts across generation technologies, and system costs rise considerably in low VRE futures. Policy implications include the need for robust support for wind and solar deployment, cross-border system integration, flexible technologies, and backup capacity. The findings underscore the value of a diversified technology portfolio, strategic infrastructure investments, and EU-level coordination to preserve cost efficiency and ensure stable power system performance under uncertainty in future technology availability.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the dietary habits, diet quality, and mental well-being of university students in different countries. Material and Methods: The descriptive general characteristics, disease status, dietary habits, smoking status, and alcohol consumption status of the students were recorded. In addition, the Mediterranean Dietary Adherence Scale (MEDAS) was used to assess diet quality, the Short Physical Activity Assessment Tool was used to assess physical activity levels, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale was used to assess mental well-being. Results: 58% of the students in Turkey and 69.9% of the students in Bosnia and Herzegovina had a normal BMI. The percentage of students in Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet ranged from 20.3% to 32.5%. The mental well-being scores of students in the two countries were similar, with averages of 51.7±9.3 in Turkey and 51.2±8.8 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conclusion: Since university represents a critical transitional stage to adulthood, it is important to promote and support healthy behaviors during this period. Therefore, adopting and implementing nutrition and health education programs, along with increasing students' physical activity levels, is recommended to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity amonguniversity students and to improve their dietary habits. Keywords: Dietary habits, mental well-being, Mediterranean diet, different countries.

Mantle plumes beneath major oceanic hot spots appear to be rooted in unusually large structures near the core-mantle boundary, which have markedly reduced seismic wave speeds. The origin of these large ultralow-velocity zones (ULVZs), referred to as mega-ULVZs, remains uncertain partly because of lack of constraints on the relative reduction in shear versus compressional wave speeds (RS/P). This ratio can give clues into the compositional makeup of the mega-ULVZs. Through joint seismic analysis of core-diffracted P and S waves beneath Hawai’i, we constrain the RS/P of its mega-ULVZ to 1 to 1.3. Mineralogical modeling reveals that iron enrichment via solid iron-rich magnesiowüstite [(Mg,Fe)O] matches this seismic constraint, independent of modeled ULVZ thickness. Enrichment of metallic iron-rich magnesiowüstite likely enhances the thermal conductivity of mega-ULVZs and provides a mechanism to drive localized plume upwelling. Higher reported RS/P values for smaller ULVZs near subduction zones may therefore indicate different processes at play controlling ULVZ formation across the diverse core-mantle boundary landscape.

This study aims to examine the role of community-based tourism (CBT) and local enterprise in shaping responsible travel behavior and sustainable loyalty. Through a comprehensive investigation of internal (push) and external (pull) motivational factors, this research delves into how tourists’ desire for self-development, biodiversity knowledge, nature appreciation and cultural engagement contribute to enriched travel experiences and long-term loyalty. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 505 tourists via structured surveys and analyzed through SmartPLS to uncover the measurable relationships among motivational drivers, visitor experience quality and revisit intention. The findings confirm that both Pull–external and Push–internal motivational factors significantly influence tourist experiences in tourism-based communities and foster sustainable tourist loyalty. Moreover, the mediating role of tourist experience reinforces its function as a critical mechanism that translates motivation into meaningful post-visit outcomes such as loyalty, advocacy and responsible behavior. The results offer valuable insights for strategic policy making in tourism-based communities by providing a pioneering technique to develop tourist satisfaction and the sustainability of CBT enterprises. This study extends CBT research by identifying satisfaction as a key mediator and reinforcing the role of loyalty. The findings provide a deeper understanding of how tourism-based community participation and enterprise development within a biosphere reserve can foster meaningful tourist experiences and long-lasting connections to nature and culture. Also, despite the extensive literature on CBT enterprises, their role in tourism and hospitality remains underexplored in this context.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The management of anterior circulation tandem lesion stroke remains controversial, given its under-representation in randomized thrombectomy trials and uncertainty regarding optimal extracranial carotid intervention. We aimed to determine whether emergent carotid stenting (eCAS) during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation tandem lesions improves 90-day functional outcomes compared with a no-stenting strategy. METHODS We conducted an international multicenter longitudinal retrospective cohort study (CERES-TANDEM, NCT06965036) of consecutive adults treated at 49 comprehensive stroke centers in Europe, North America, and Singapore for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke due to tandem lesions from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2024. Exclusion criteria were primary hemorrhagic stroke, absence of intracranial occlusion, presentation >24 hours from symptom onset, and age younger than 18 years. We compared 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores between participants receiving eCAS and those receiving no stenting during EVT. The primary estimand was mRS shift, analyzed by stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-weighted ordinal regression. Additional estimands were direct-effect estimand adjusting for successful recanalization (defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b or higher) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (estimand 2) and stratum estimand restricting to never-crossers (estimand 3). RESULTS Of 4,053 patients (mean age 70 years, 65.5% female), 2,522 underwent eCAS and 1,531 received no stenting. After IPTW, eCAS was associated with an improved 90-day functional outcome (common odds ratio (OR) 1.31; 95% CI 1.17-1.47;p < 0.001) and higher odds of mRS score 0-1 (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08-1.50; p = 0.005) and mRS score 0-2 (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.13-1.51; p < 0.001), without a significant increase in sICH (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.93-1.56; p = 0.15). Findings were consistent in direct-effect (common OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04-1.31; p = 0.008) and stratum (common OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.21-1.55; p < 0.001) estimands. There was no interaction for intracranial occlusion site, IV thrombolysis, sedation technique, EVT approach, or access site. Sensitivity analysis including recanalization in IPTW-weighted estimand 1 framework confirmed the association of eCAS with improved 90-day functional outcomes (common OR 1.14, 95% CI1.02-1.27, p = 0.008). DISCUSSION In this large real-world cohort, eCAS during EVT for anterior circulation tandem lesions was associated with superior 90-day functional recovery without increased hemorrhagic risk. These findings support consideration of eCAS in clinical practice and warrant confirmation in randomized trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Registered in clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06965036. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in patients with stroke due to anterior circulation tandem lesions, eCAS during EVT improves 90-day functional outcomes compared with EVT alone.

Background and purpose Running at different distances involves changes in energy systems and biomechanical demands, which affect running speed. There is a need for a more detailed study of the relationship between physiological and biomechanical factors in physical education and sports students.  Aim to analyze the fluctuations and tendency to decrease running speed at distances of 100 m, 200 m, 400 m and 800 m, as well as the physiological and biomechanical substantiation of the characteristics of this tendency in third-year students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Material and methods The participants were 25 students (average height 174.84 cm, weight 75.92 kg, BMI 22.90) attending the Athletics 1 course and regularly engaged in training. Four running distances (100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m) were tested by measuring times and calculating average speeds. The runs were performed under standardized conditions with maximal effort. Data were statistically analyzed using means, variability measures, and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Results The highest average speed was recorded in the 100 m (7.76 ± 0.57 m/s; mean time 12.95 ± 1.00 s), followed by a slight decrease in the 200 m (7.19 ± 0.80 m/s), reflecting the predominance of the anaerobic alactic energy system. A more pronounced reduction was observed at 400 m (6.18 ± 0.61 m/s) and further at 800 m (4.59 ± 0.48 m/s), indicating a metabolic shift towards anaerobic lactic and aerobic pathways, accompanied by fatigue and lactate accumulation.  The overal decrease in average speed at a distance of 100-800 m was 40.86%. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between performances in all distances (p < 0.05), with the strongest correlation between 100 m and 200 m (r = 0.826; p = 0.000), followed by 100 m and 400 m (r = 0.739; p = 0.000), 400 m and 800 m (r = 0.719; p = 0.000), 200 m and 400 m (r = 0.665; p = 0.000), 100 m and 800 m (r = 0.642; p = 0.001), and 200 m and 800 m (r = 0.573; p = 0.003. Conclusion The students demonstrated well-developed explosive and short-term running abilities but limited aerobic endurance and speed maintenance on longer distances.  

OBJECTIVES We sought to identify factors associated with prognosis and bleeding in patients with melanoma brain metastases(BM).Objectives were median overall survival (mOS [months]) and bleeding incidence. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients receiving SRS at our center 11/1511/23.Analysis was performed on Prism 10.1.1.Extraction from electronic medical records was undertaken by authors, with local R&D approval(NEU012). RESULTS 81 patients were evaluable. 119 treatment courses were delivered. There were no bleeding events (BE) in the first 7 days , 1 within 28 days(0.8%) and 19 within 90 days(16%).7.6%(N = 9) died within 90 days and 25.2%(N = 30) died within 6 m. There were no deaths within 30 days or related to treatment.mOS was 17.6 m(95% CI 9.20-35.05).Significantly inferior survival outcomes were observed for patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),poor performance status(Karnofsky performance status [KPS]),higher total treated intracranial volume(GTV) and total number of BM.mOS of patients with a normal LDH was 37.0 m vs 5.2 m for those with LDH >ULN(HR 4.40, P<.0001).This was also true on multivariable analysis including KPS, BM number and BM size(HR 3.75 95%CI 1.94-7.30, p = <0.0001).For patients with KPS ≥90 mOS was 35.0 m vs 7.7 m for KPS ≤80(HR 2.55, P<.0004).This was significant using the multivariable analysis described above(HR 2.12 95%CI 1.123-3.948, p = 0.0181). CONCLUSIONS Despite theoretically high risk of bleeding after SRS in MM BM, incidence of bleeding in our cohort was low.mOS was comparable to historical controls of 16-23 months. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE We novelly performed univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrating poor survival outcomes in patients with high LDH, poor performance status and larger brain metastases (both by BM size and number).

ABSTRACT Brain injuries pose ongoing challenges that require robust self-management and support systems due to cognitive, emotional, and social impacts. Many patients now turn to social media for additional support, often relying on health communities where they can share experiences and seek advice. By offering emotional support and practical self-management strategies, these communities help patients improve their overall quality of life. This study conducts a comparative analysis of how the affordances of two types of social media health communities (small and closed vs. large and open) shape self-management strategies and interpersonal relationships for individuals with traumatic brain injuries. By analysing user engagement patterns and content shared within these communities, the study shows how different affordances contribute to different forms of support. The small, closed community fosters trust and privacy, encouraging deeper connections, tailored support, and a sense of safety. Conversely, the large, open community offers anonymity, a wider range of perspectives, and broader access to information, although interactions may lack personal depth. The study contributes to the literature on social media communities and health information technologies by deepening our understanding of how digital environments mediate support systems. The findings also provide insights for healthcare providers, patients’ families, and designers of social media communities.

This paper analyzes different approaches for the mathematical modeling and optimization of process parameters in the hard turning process of 42CrMo4 steel using a hybrid approach combining response surface methodology (RSM), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), and machine learning through, support vector regression (SVR) with one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) sensitivity analysis. Controlled process parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, and insert radius are applied to conduct the experiments based on a full factorial experimental design. RSM was used to develop models that describe the effect of controlled parameters on surface roughness and cutting forces. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of standardized residuals to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the RSM-developed model on an unseen data set. For all four outputs considered, analysis of the standardized residuals shows that over 97% of the points lie within ±3 standard deviations. A multi-criteria optimization technique was applied to establish an optimal combination of input parameters. The SVR model had high performance for all outputs, with coefficient of determination values between 89.91% and 99.39%, except for surface roughness on the test set, with a value of 9.92%. While the SVR model achieved high predictive accuracy for cutting forces, its limited generalization capability for surface roughness highlights the higher complexity and stochastic nature of surface formation mechanisms in the turning process. OFAT analysis showed that feed rate and depth of cut have been shown to be the most important input variables for all analyzed outputs.

Background: Neuromodulation encompasses a range of methods aimed at selectively modifying nervous system function to enhance motor and neurophysiological processes. Although neuromodulation suits have shown benefits in clinical populations, their application in sports remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this case study was to examine the acute effects of a neuromodulation suit on the contractile properties of the rectus femoris muscle in an elite football player. Methods: The subject was an 18.8-year-old male professional football player. After conducting an anthropometric evaluation, initial tensiomyography (TMG) was carried out to evaluate the contractile properties of the rectus femoris, such as delay time (Td), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), relaxation time (Tr), and maximum radial displacement (Dm), in both legs. The athlete then donned a neuromodulation suit set to 20 Hz for a duration of 60 min. Following this, the same TMG measurements were repeated to assess post-intervention changes. Results: The right leg showed a reduction in Tc from 33.33 to 31.93 milliseconds (ms); Dm increased from 6.61 to 11.17 millimeters (mm). Conversely, the left rectus femoris exhibited prolonged Tc from 26.84 to 29.45 ms. Conclusions: A single 60 min session of neuromodulation suit application produced acute changes in muscle contractile properties. Findings suggest a potential positive effect on rapid force production and reduced muscle stiffness, alongside notable inter-limb variability.