This study investigates how global manufacturers offer advanced services, such as outcome-based contracts, to global customers. Offering advanced services requires companies to engage in and manage win–win collaborations with a diverse set of service network partners. However, there is currently a lack of insights into the value co-creation challenges faced by manufacturers’ R&D units and their service network partners. Equally, there is a pressing need for roles to be properly aligned when offering advanced services in global markets. Based on 34 exploratory interviews with respondents from two manufacturers and their six globally dispersed front-end service network partners, this study identifies diverse co-creation challenges related to the provision of advanced services in global markets. The results show that complex collaborations of this nature often do not lead to win–win relationships but rather to less understood win–lose or lose–win scenarios. Our proposed framework unpacks how to manage value co-creation challenges and establish win–win relationships through role alignment. This study’s findings show that the successful provision of advanced services requires manufacturers to play the role of global service orchestrators and service network partners to act as global service integrators. Thus, role alignment provides greater latitude to establish a joint sphere of value co-creation for back-end and front-end actors. We conclude by discussing this paper’s theoretical and practical contributions to the emerging literature on servitization in global markets and global service networks.

The antioxidants present in natural food products show a higher antioxidant activity than synthetic one [1]. Polyphenolic compounds are the most important antioxidants in bee honey. Bee honey is the most popular bee product by human [2]. In addition to the polyphenols there are non-phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential, such as proteins, gluconic acid, L-ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF), Maillard reaction products, etc. The antioxidant activity of honey largely depends on the content of micro biogenic elements. The aims of this paper are to present the complex role of micro biogenic elements in the human. It is especially important to point out micro biogenic elements that can act both as antioxidants and as pro-oxidants, such as Cu. Cu acts as antioxidant because it is an integral part of some enzymes involved in the antioxidant activity of the organism. Cu in honey also acts as a pro-oxidant through Haber-weis reaction with L-ascorbic acid also present in honey. In addition to being an essential micro-nutrient Cu is potentially very hazardous because of the capacity change in oxidation state leading to the initiation of the reaction in which free radicals are formed. Therefore, the balanced intake of copper and other trace elements in the human body is very important. Therefore, changes in the antioxidant activity of food are the result of chemical changes in antioxidant active compounds present in the food product.

Background Diabetes mellitus rates and associated costs continue to rise across Europe enhancing health authority focus on its management. The risk of complications is enhanced by poor glycaemic control, with long-acting insulin analogues developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve patient convenience. There are concerns though with their considerably higher costs, but moderated by reductions in complications and associated costs. Biosimilars can help further reduce costs. However, to date, price reductions for biosimilar insulin glargine appear limited. In addition, the originator company has switched promotional efforts to more concentrated patented formulations to reduce the impact of biosimilars. There are also concerns with different devices between the manufacturers. As a result, there is a need to assess current utilisation rates for insulins, especially long-acting insulin analogues and biosimilars, and the rationale for patterns seen, among multiple European countries to provide future direction. Methodology. Health authority databases are examined to assess utilisation and expenditure patterns for insulins, including biosimilar insulin glargine. Explanations for patterns seen were provided by senior-level personnel. Results Typically increasing use of long-acting insulin analogues across Europe including both Western and Central and Eastern European countries reflects perceived patient benefits despite higher prices. However, activities by the originator company to switch patients to more concentrated insulin glargine coupled with lowering prices towards biosimilars have limited biosimilar uptake, with biosimilars not currently launched in a minority of European countries. A number of activities were identified to address this. Enhancing the attractiveness of the biosimilar insulin market is essential to encourage other biosimilar manufacturers to enter the market as more long-acting insulin analogues lose their patents to benefit all key stakeholder groups. Conclusions There are concerns with the availability and use of insulin glargine biosimilars among European countries despite lower costs. This can be addressed.

ABSTRACT Introduction Disease-specific treatments are available only for a minority of patients with genetic epilepsies, while the rest are treated with anticonvulsants, which are ineffective in almost one-third of patients. Areas covered Recently approved and the most effective emerging therapeutics under development for the treatment of genetic epilepsies are overviewed after systematic search and analysis of relevant literature. Expert opinion New and emerging drugs for genetic epilepsies exploit one of the two approaches: inhibiting hyperactive brain foci through blocking excitatory or augmenting inhibitory neurotransmission, or correcting the underlying genetic defect. The first is limited by insufficient selectivity of available compounds, and the second by imperfection of currently used vectors of genetic material, unselective and transient transgene expression. Besides, the treatment may come too late, after structural abnormalities and epilepsy deterioration takes place. However, with recent improvements, we can expect to see soon gradual decline in the number of patients with therapy-resistant genetic epilepsies.

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

Obrazovanje je kontinuirani proces koji traje cijeli život. Ono unapređuje kvalitetu života svakog pojedinca, a garantirano je Ustavom BiH, lokalnim zakonskim aktima, Univerzalnom deklaracijom o ljudskim pravima i drugim međunarodnim dokumentima. Osnovna svrha obrazovanja je samoobrazovanje i kvalitetno ispunjen život. Univerzitet u Sarajevu kontinuirano nastoji stvoriti uvjete za jednak pristup i sudjelovanje u kvalitetnom obrazovanju uvažavajući međunarodne pravne okvire, nacionalne dokumente i zakonske regulative, kojima se osiguravaju osnovna ljudska prava, a među njima i pravo na obrazovanje. Jedan od mehanizama putem kojeg realizira navedeno jeste revitalizacija Ureda za podršku studentima (UPS!). Osnovna djelatnost Ureda je usmjerena na pružanje pomoći i podrške studentima i razvijanje inkluzivne kulture, politike i prakse u prostoru visokoškolskog obrazovanja. Ured za podršku studentima je na raspolaganju svim studentima Univerziteta u Sarajevu, s fokusom na studente s invaliditetom, ali i organizacionim jedinicama i akademskom osoblju. Usluge Ureda definirane su njegovom temeljnom orijentacijom ka stvaranju inkluzivnog okruženja i promoviranju obrazovanja za sve, a ogledaju se u pružanju pomoći i podrške studentima u različitim oblastima. Osnovne usluge su: pomoć pri odabiru studija; podrška unapređenju pristupa obrazovanju; psihološka pomoć; informiranje i obrazovanje studenata; poboljšanje iskustva studiranja studenata s invaliditetom; iznajmljivanje asistivne tehnologije; istraživačke aktivnosti; organizacija i realizacija obuka za akademsko osoblje; organizacija radionica za studente; i mnoge druge usluge. Cilj rada je kompilirati realizirane aktivnosti UPS!-a i opisati njihove efekte na unapređenje života mladih u univerzitetskom okruženju. Rezultati doprinose jasnijem artikuliranju argumenata i zagovaranju navedenih i sličnih aktivnosti, te obavezuju na kontinuirano jačanje univerzitetskih kapaciteta za preventivno djelovanje i unapređenje kvalitete života i obrazovanja mladih.

Uvod: Novi koronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, prvi put se pojavio u Wuhanu, u prosincu 2019. godine. Bolest koju uzrokuje SARS-CoV-2 naziva se COVID-19. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje širenje zarazne bolesti potrebno je provoditi preventivne mjere. Kolektivni imunitet ključni je koncept za kontrolu epidemije. Samo dio populacije mora biti imun na zarazne agense, a to se može postići putem prevladavanja postojeće infekcije ili cijepljenjem. Učinkovito cjepivo najsigurniji je način za postizanje kolektivnog imuniteta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati znanja i stavove studenata Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru o cjepivu protiv COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 181 studenata, među kojima je 84% ženskih i 16% muških ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili studenti Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru različitih studijskih smjerova i godina. Anketa je anonimna i ista je provedeno preko Google Forms koji je sastavni dio Google Drive-a (Google Diska). Rezultati: Istraživanjem smo utvrdili da postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju između studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Utvrdili smo da je veći postotak ženskih ispitanica koje prihvaćaju cjepivo protiv COVID-19. Ovim istraživanjem utvrdili smo da studenti diplomskog studija pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cjepivu u odnosu na studente preddiplomskog studija. Studenti koji odbijaju primiti cjepivo, kao razlog navode nedovoljnu ispitanost istog. Zaključak: Ovim istraživanjem otkrili smo da na stav studenata ne utječe samo razina zdravstvenog znanja, nego i drugi čimbenici. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključivati pitanja o strahu od nuspojava i drugih čimbenika koji utječu na negativan stav studenata o cjepivu protiv COVID-19.

Objective − The aim of this paper was to collect and summarize findings regarding the factors associated with sexting experiences and their correlates, under Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological theory. Methods − We reviewed the literature in the field of sexting to show how numerous factors that have been found to influence sexting behaviour can be included within a social-ecological framework. Electronic literature searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the following databases: EbscoHOST (PsycINFO, PSychArticles), ERIC, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Conclusion − This model seems to be a good framework for systematizing the results of research in this area, and can be used as a guide for future research on sexting. We encourage researchers to expand or redefine the proposed determinants of sexting in a theoretically more satisfactory way, as well as to explore it empirically. To help youth avoid the negative consequences of engaging in potentially harmful sexting behaviours, the multiple systems that surround young people should work together to provide young people with the skills necessary to make good choices about their sexual behaviours.

Rad se bavi nekim pitanjima reforme sistema zaštite žrtava krivičnih djela i posebno žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini, i to u kontekstu dosljedne implementacije kako Istanbulske konvencije, tako i Preporuke Evropske unije u vezi sa minimumom zaštite, podrške i pomoći žrtvama krivičnih djela iz 2012. godine (PUP, 2012). Polazna osnova su istraživanja koja su utvrdila da je žrtvama nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini uskraćen pristup pravosuđu. Naime, poslije podnošenja prijave o nasilju u porodici, policija može ali nije obavezna da o tome obavijesti tužioca - sve dok ne prikupi dovoljno dokaza i ne procijeni da je riječ o krivičnom djelu. Sekundarna viktimizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini vrši se i kroz pogrešno klasifikovanje nasilja u porodici kao prekršajnog, a ne krivičnog djela, ali i kroz neprovođenje krivične istrage u skladu sa zakonom. Marginalizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici vrši se i kroz blago kažnjavanje nasilnika, te i kroz uskraćivanje prava žrtve na restituciju. Žrtva nasilja u porodici ima pravo da bude zbrinuta u sigurnu kuću radi osiguranja fizičke zaštite i ostvarivanja svojih prava i interesa što može da predstavlja njihovu ponovnu sekundarnu viktimizacija. S tim u vezi, žrtva nije prekršila zakon, već nasilnik koji treba biti „udaljen iz porodične kuće“ jer je ugrozio sigurnost ili psihofizički integritet članova svoje porodice. Zato bi nasilniku trebalo izreći i mjeru zabrane približavanja žrtvi, i to sve do izricanja presude, ali i mjere psihosocijalnog tretmana, te, zavisno od okolnosti slučaja, liječenja od zavisnosti poput alkohola, droga i sl.

Rad govori o važnosti književnih pravaca, književnih vrsta i psihoterapije. Ovdje je prikazano kako jedna biblioterapijska tehnika može pomoći osobama koje imaju problem tj. prikazano je ciljano čitanje bajki kroz knjževnoteorijske pravce, a koje znatno doprinose rješenju problema kao i pomoć u samootkrivanju. Također, prikazan je način na koji se pomaže osobama da svoje nevolje prevaziđu koristeći likove ili situacije u bajkama. Namjera poređenja knjževnoteorijskih pravaca i psihoterapije jste staviti akcenat na važnost saradnje različitih disciplina u pristupu temi – analizi i korisnosti bajki na osnovu različitih književnoteorijskih pristupa, pri čemu su posebno naglašeni terapijski učinci postignuti ovakvim čitanjem. Art terapija je vid rada sa djecom i maloljetnicima koji su u sukobu sa zakonnom. Art terapija kao prevencija, kao intervencija u toku primjene ili izvršenja neke alternativne mjere, alternativne sankcije ili krivične sankcije institucionalnog karaktera. Nošena idejom primjene programa restorativne pravde veliki je broj terapijskih programa koji su na mala ili velika vrata ušli u rad sa djecom i maloljetnicima koji su na određeni način u sukobu sa zakonom. Jedna od njih je i biblioterapija čije „vrijeme tek dolazi“ jer se njena promocija i primjena očekuje. Savremene metode koje koriste bajku u terapijske svrhe otvaraju nove aspekte terapijskog učinka čitanja/slušanja. U tim aspektima bitno je razumjeti znanja iz teorije i prakse psihoterapije kao i književnih teorija i pogledati šta se dešava u psihoterapijskom procesu između klijenata i sadržaja koji nudi bajka, odnosno slušalaca i teksta u procesu čitanja/slušanja. Isto kao što su književne vrste u terapijskoj praksi zanemarene od domaće stručne populacije, susret između prakse čitanja/slušanja i prakse psihoterapije zanemaren je unutar nacionalnih aspekata društvenih i humanističkih znanosti. I upravo taj prostor nedovoljno prepoznatog i neistraženog spoja, ovome radu otvara recepcijske i interpretacijske mogućnosti za moguće i stvarne plodonosne učinke njihovog susreta.

Based on the interaction between ascorbic acid and bromocresol purple, a new simple, straightforward, and quick method for the quantification of ascorbic acid is proposed. The procedure is based on the determined quenching effect of ascorbic acid on the natural fluorescence signal of bromocresol purple in the reaction between ascorbic acid and bromocresol purple in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6). The reduction of bromocresol purple fluorescence intensity is detected at 641 nm, while excitation occurs at 318 nm. The linear relationship between the reduced fluorescence intensity of bromocresol purple and the concentration of ascorbic acid is in the range 4.65 × 10–5 to 4.65 × 10–6 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.9964), with the detection limit of 8.77 × 10–7 mol L−1 and quantification limit of 2.35 × 10–5 mol L−1. The findings in this study further show that the new method provides good precision and repeatability, as well as satisfactory recovery values in terms of accuracy. The new method is tested on fifteen samples with different amounts of ascorbic acid and additional components. The effects of interfering components such as citrus bioflavonoids, citric acid, folic acid, paracetamol, calcium, and magnesium carbonate on the intensity of fluorescence of bromocresol purple are also investigated. The effects of interfering components such as citrus bioflavonoids (routine and hesperidin), citric acid, folic acid, paracetamol, calcium, and magnesium carbonate on the intensity of fluorescence of bromocresol purple are also investigated. The results of iodometric titration point out that the new method is effective for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples using bromocresol purple. Determination of optimal parameters for ascorbic acid determination in a variety of pharmaceutical samples. Examination of the influence of additional substances in the pharmaceutical samples on the analysis. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples using bromocresol purple. Determination of optimal parameters for ascorbic acid determination in a variety of pharmaceutical samples. Examination of the influence of additional substances in the pharmaceutical samples on the analysis.

In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the hydrodistilled essential oil of Achillea lingulata, an endemic species of the Euro-Mediterranean region, originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina, was investigated for the first time. For comparison, an analysis of the essential oil of the widely distributed Achillea millefolium, which grows together in the same habitat, was made. Ninety-six components were identified in A. lingulata and A. millefolium oils comprising 97.8% and 85.8%, of the total oil, respectively. The oil of A. lingulata was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (76.8%). The main compounds were borneol (30.1%), trans-verbenol (15.5%), 2-tridecanone (12.2%), fragranol (8.3%), and myrtenol (7.9%). In contrast, essential oil of A. millefolium had oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.8%) as the most abundant compounds, with elemol (32.9%) as the main constituent. In addition, γ-eudesmol (12.9%), caryophyllene oxide (7.7%), transcaryophyllene (5.7%) and γ-muurolene (4.7%) were present in a significant percentage in A. millefolium oil. Antioxidant activity was tested by three methods, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, and the obtained results showed low activity of both investigated oils.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer, the most frequent disease amongst women worldwide, accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype encompasses ~15% of all breast cancers and lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Although risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, factors underpinning breast cancer onset and progression remain unknown. Recent studies suggest the plausible role of oncoviruses including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of these oncoviruses in TNBC is still unclear. In the current study, we explored the status of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in a well-defined TNBC cohort from Croatia in comparison to 16 normal/non TNBC samples (controls) using polymerase chain reaction assay. We found high-risk HPVs and EBV present in 37/70 (53%) and 25/70 (36%) of the cases, respectively. The most common HPV types are 52, 45, 31, 58 and 68. We found 16% of the samples positive for co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV. Moreover, our data revealed that 5/70 (7%) samples are positive for MMTV. In addition, only 2/70 (3%) samples had co-presence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV without any significant association with the clinicopathological variables. While, 6/16 (37.5%) controls were positive for HPV (p = .4), EBV was absent in all controls (0/16, 0%) (p = .01). In addition, we did not find the co-presence of the oncoviruses in the controls (p > .05). Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple-oncogenic viruses’ interaction in breast carcinogenesis, especially TNBC.