The aim of the research in the paper is to evaluate the state of rural settlements in Brčko District with regard to the development of rural tourism. Together with the Tourism Department of the Brčko District, five experts from the field of tourism were selected and they evaluated the current state of rural settlements in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The evaluations were processed using the fuzzy approach with the SWARA (Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) multi-criteria decision-making method. Using this method, the weights of the used criteria were determined, representing the degree of development of conditions in rural settlements. The results showed that "rural facilities and services" are the best developed in rural settlements, while the criteria related to feelings and experiences are the least developed. Based on this research, it is possible to implement measures to strengthen certain criteria that have not been adequately developed in order to further improve rural tourism in Brčko District.

Widening case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) interpreting the notion of discrimination, especially the ambit of discrimination based on “other status” offers important elements in the understanding of the legal definition of discrimination. More specifically, it offers elements in understanding of the scope of discrimination grounds listed under “other status”, such as the place of residence. Discrimination cases before the ECtHR against Bosnia and Herzegovina relate primarily to the discriminatory nature of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s election system, focusing on ethnicity as the main basis for discrimination. However, often overlooked is the place of residence as the discriminatory ground, identified in numerous cases alongside ethnicity (such as the cases of Pilav, Zornic and recently Pudaric), or as a stand-alone basis as in the case of Baralija. The ECtHR’s positions expressed in judgements to these cases offer certain interpretations important for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s election system, legal and constitutional order and showcase the potential power and influence which the ECtHR’s judgements may have in the strengthening of rule of law and overcoming political stalemates. Outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, the cases may offer some new insights in defining and reinterpreting the legal notion of discrimination and the legal ambit of the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of place of residence, such as discriminatory effects of legal void and the discriminatory treatment between persons having a place of residence within the same respondent country.

We present an open-source web tool for quality control of distributed imaging studies. To minimize the amount of human time and attention spent reviewing the images, we created a neural network to provide an automatic assessment. This steers reviewers’ attention to potentially problematic cases, reducing the likelihood of missing image quality issues. We test our approach using 5-fold cross validation on a set of 5217 magnetic resonance images.

Various plants have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years as natural medicines with therapeutic and other pharmacologic effects. Bioactive compounds found in plants, such as flavonoids, trace minerals, essential oils, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins, can affect microbial growth, reproduction, and essential cell functions. Plants of the Amaranthaceae family have a broad range of bioactive phytochemical constituents, which provide a variety of medicinal benefits. This review article discusses the characteristics of Amaranthaceae plants that may indicate their use as medicinal plants, especially against infectious diseases. According to the literature, Amaranthaceae plants contain considerable levels of bioactive compounds that make them effective in traditional medicine, even though their impact on numerous microbes has yet to be examined.

Background: Alternative The topic of this article is the development of pharmacy in the Middle Ages. Objective: The aim of this paper is to bring readers closer to the development and importance of pharmacy and health activities in general of this century. Methods: This is sistematic review of the published papers about historical facts about development pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past. Results and Discusion: There are few documents that speak and testify about health and hygiene data and opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Middle Ages and the time of the independent Bosnian state, because very little was written and mostly knowledge was transmitted by narrative. Bosnia, as an independent state, was first mentioned in the Charter of Kulin Ban in the 12th century. The Charter was sent to the Republic of Dubrovnik and provided safe passage for merchants through Bosnia and tax exemption. The Republic of Dubrovnik also had many influences on the development of all social conditions, including medicine and pharmacy. Doctors and pharmacists were able to come to Bosnia unhindered and engage in treatment and the sale of medicines, without having to fear whether they would pay taxes to the state or be robbed. Conclusion: Until Bosnia came under Ottoman influence, treatment in Bosnia was rather primitive, the number of pharmacies and health facilities was minimal, and hygienic conditions were rather poor. Folk medicine and spells were mainly practiced, which were passed down from generation to generation, by narrative tradition. Only with the arrival of the Ottomans, hospitals and pharmacies began to open, and the health care system was better regulated.

Fakultet zdravstvenih studija od svog osnivanja je prošao kroz više razvojnih faza u kojima su urađene organizacione promjene, kreirani, revidirani nastavni planovi i programi, usklađeni sa razvojem radioloških tehnologija i potreba za tržištem rada. Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Fakultet zdravstvenih studija, kroz primjenu savremenih metoda učenja i istraživanja, educira kvalitetne, sposobne, kreativne i međunarodno kompetentne kadrove u oblastima radiodijagnostike, radioterapije i nuklearne. Kroz teoretsku i praktičnu nastavu temeljenu na istraživanjima, inovacijama i akademskoj izvrsnosti obrazuje nosioce zdravstvene profesije Bachelore Radioloških tehnologija. U toku svoga obrazovanja studenti obavljaju praktičnu nastavu na savremenim radiološkim aparatima i stiču potrebna znanja i vještine. Kroz teoretsku i praktičnu nastavu na Prvom ciklusu studija koja traje 4 godine, studenti ostvaruju 6000 sati nastave, što iznosi 240 ECTS bodova. Po završetku studija postaju kompetentni za rad na visokosofisticiranim dijagnostičkim i terapijskim radiološkim aparatima. Fakultet zdravstvenih studija obrazuje i magistre radioloških tehnologija koji stiču diplome po završetku drugog ciklusa studija i doktore zdravstvenih nauka po završetku trećeg ciklusa studija – doktorskog studija. Dakle, Fakultet zdravstvenih studija pruža i razvija obrazovnu i naučnoistraživačku djelatnost, tako da studenti tokom studija na sva tri ciklusa studija stiču znanje i vještine, sposobnost kritičke procjene znanja i bave se istraživačkim radom.

Uvod: Do sad korištene tehnike magnetno rezonantnog oslikavanja lumbalne kičme nisu davale podatke o djelovanju sile gravitacije na kičmu, te o odnosu anatomskih struktura prilikom djelovanja iste. Budući da se konvencionalni MRI pregledi kičme obično izvodi u ležećem položaju, u funkcionalnom mirovanju, stanje opterećenja se razlikuje od stanja za koje se zna da izaziva simptome kod pacijenata pogođenih nestabilnošću lumbalne kičme, to se često pogoršava uspravnim stajanjem i nevidljivo je u ležećem položaj. alMRI može poboljšati kvalitet dijagnosticiranja patologije lumbalne kičme i dovesti do lakšeg odlučivanja o daljem tretmanu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi značaj alMRI u otkrivanju morfoloških promjena lumbalnog dijela kičme uzrokovanih aksijalnim opterećenjem i uporediti ga sa konvencionalnim MRI snimcima lumbalne kičme bez opterećenja. Metode: Studija je provedena kao prospektivno, deskriptivno kliničko ispitivanje. Snimanje je izvedeno na MR aparatu 1,5 T u ležećem položaju. Snimanje je izvedeno u dva čina: bez opterećenja i pod opterećenjem. Opterećenje za alMRI obavljeno je DynaWell L-Spine uređajem. Početak opterećenja bio je 10 minuta prije početka snimanja alMRI, a opterećenje se nastavilo tokom čitave procedure snimanja. Izmjerena je visina inetrevtebralnih (IV) prostora, AP i LL prečnik IV diska, površina IV diska, površina duralne vreće i širina IV foramena prije opterećenja i pod opterećenjem. Rezultati: Nakon evaluacije promjena visine i veličine lumbalnih diskova, površine duralne vreće i širine intervertebralnih prostora utvrđene su značajne razlike između slika prije i pod aksijalnim opterećenjem. Zaključak: alMRI daje informacije o morfološkim promjenama svih segmenata lumbalnog dijela kičme. Ovi podaci predstavljaju značajnu informaciju koja može dovesti do preciznijeg i efikasnijeg liječenja LBP.

Uvod: Radioterapija je kompleksna disciplina koja uključuje širok spektarstanja izazvanih malignim oboljenjima, organizacionu kompleksnost i upotrebu naprednih tehnoloških rješenja u terapiji, te ima veliki potencijal za razvoj incidenata.Incidenti, u zavisnosti od stepena ozbiljnosti, mogu kompromitirati efekat radioterapije, dovesti do izostanka kontrole bolesti i njenog recidiva ili pojave ranih i kasnih komplikacija na zdravim organima u smislu radiotoksičnosti. Ozbiljni incidenti u radioterapiji su rijetki, ali kada se dese, njihove posljedice mogu biti značajno oštećenje zdravlja ili smrt. Incidenti nisu posljedica slučajnog toka događaja, niti koincidencije koja će se teško ponoviti. Pojava incidenata ima svoje zakonitosi i posljedica je sistemskih postavki, uslova i procesa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti mogućnost upotrebe elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata u upravljanju rizikom u radioterapiji. Metode: Za potrebe istraživanja razvijen je elektronski sistem za prijavljivanje incidentata u formi strukturiranog kompjuterskog intervjua prema ROSEIS metodologiji. Na osnovu informacija prikupljenih pomoću sistema napravljena je taksonomija incidenata prema: vrsti, mjestu i načinu nastanka, načinu detekcije, uzroku nastanka i faktorima doprinosa, dozimetrijskom i kliničkom značaju, te ozbiljnosti posljedica. Procjena rizika je napravljena upotrebom Risk Matrix metode. Rezultati: U rezultatima su prikazani najčešći uzroci nastanka i faktori promocije incidenata u radioterapiji, kao i njihova povezanost sa faktorima radnog okruženja, organizacije i upravljanja, finanasijskim i ljudskim resursima, radnim opterećenjem, radioterapijskim uređajima, softverom i tehnološkom kompleksnošću tretmana.Predložene su korektivne i preventivne mjere, te data procjena njihove efektivnosti na poboljšanje detekcije, redukciju vjerovatnoće pojave incidenata i redukciju njihove magnitude. Zaključci: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su informacije prikupljene pomoću elektronskog sistema za prijavljivanje incidenata dobar prerekvizit za razvoj sistema upravljanja rizikom koji omogućava identifikaciju i klasifikaciju najznačajnijih faktora rizika u radioterapiji, kao i utvrđivanje specifičnih preventivnih i korektivnih akcija s ciljem prevencije pojave incidenata i redukciju ozbiljnosti njihovih neželjenih efekata.

Objective: Determination of the importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection caused by COVID-19 infection, to compare computed tomography and computed tomography in detecting pathological changes caused by COVID-19 infection, and to prove the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography. Method: The results of prospective and retrospective studies were used to write this review article, by systematic selection on Internet scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref. Results: Based on a systematic review of the literature, it was established that chest CR is the first diagnostic method of choice, due to its wide availability. Conclusion: CT is a highly sensitive diagnostic method, and is recommended for more severe stages of the disease and accelerated exacerbation of the disease, in patients with slow regression of radiographic findings and in patients recovering from COVID-19 with impaired lung function.

Background: Spinal hydatid cyst represents a rare form of parasitic infection and is a serious clinical condition that can cause severe consequences such as paraplegia, tetraplegia, or radiculopathy. Objective: In this article, we report a case of a rare lumbar hydatid cyst in a 50-year-old man. Case presentation: We report a rare case of primary lumbar hydatid cyst. Recurrence was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although the patient had surgery and was taking albendazole regularly. Conclusion: MRI imaging should be used to diagnose the disease. Complete resection is the only treatment that can prevent the lesion from invading adjacent tissues. Regardless of all measures, the disease has a high recurrence rate.